Синтагматическая семасиология.

1. СИНТАГМАТИЧЕСКАЯ
СЕМАСИОЛОГИЯ
Д. Атемасова, Г. Запаренко
741 гр.

2. 3 ТИПА СООТНОШЕНИЯ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ:
Фигуры
совмещения
(Figures of
Cooccurance)
Фигуры речи
(Figures of
Speech)
Фигуры
тождества
(Figures of
Identity)
Фигуры
неравенства
(Figures of
Inequality)
Фигуры
противоположности
(Figures of Contrast)
Соотношение
противоположных
значений
Соотношение
тождественных
значений
Соотношение
различающихся
значений

3. ФИГУРЫ РЕЧИ (FIGURES OF SPEECH)
Фигуры тождества
Фигуры неравенства
Фигуры
противоположности

4. ФИГУРЫ ТОЖДЕСТВА :
(FIGURES OF IDENTITY)
 Сравнение
 Синонимы-заменители

5. СРАВНЕНИЕ (SIMILE)
 My face looks like a wedding-cake left out
in the rain.
 Good coffee is like friendship: rich and
warm and strong.
 She dealt with moral problems as a cleaver
deals with meat.

6. СИНОНИМЫ-ЗАМЕНИТЕЛИ
(SYNONYM REPLACEMENTS)
 He brought home numberless prizes. He told
his mother countless stories every night about
his school companions.
 She told his name to the trees. She whispered it
to the flowers. She breathed it to the birds.

7. ФИГУРЫ НЕРАВЕНСТВА:
(FIGURES OF INEQUALITY)
 Синонимы-уточнители
 Нарастание
 Разрядка
 Каламбур
 Зевгма

8. СИНОНИМЫ-УТОЧНИТЕЛИ
(SPECIFYING OR CLARIFYING SYNONYMS)
 Relax? I can't relax! Nor can I yield, relent,
or . . . Only two synonyms? Oh my! I'm
losing my perspicacity!
 Miss Tox escorted a plump, rosy-cheeked,
wholesome, apple-faced young woman.

9. НАРАСТАНИЕ
(GRADATION, CLIMAX)
 I am sorry, I am so very sorry, I am so extremely
sorry.
 What difference if it rained, hailed, blew, snowed,
cycloned?
 I am the way, the truth, and the life.

10. РАЗРЯДКА (ANTICLIMAX)
 The holy passion of Friendship is of so sweet and steady
and loyal and enduring a nature that it will last through a
whole lifetime, if not asked to lend money.
 The Grand Tour has been a tradition of newly rich
countries ever since young British aristocrats took to the
Continent in the eighteenth century, picking up
languages, antiques, and venereal disease.
 Not only is there no God, but try getting a plumber on
weekends.

11. КАЛАМБУР (PUN)
 A boy answers the phone. The caller asks, "Where
are your parents?"
"They ain't here!"
"Come on, son. Where's your grammar?"
"My gramma ain't here neither. She's gone to
church!“
 Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.

12. ЗЕВГМА (ZEUGMA)
 She arrived in a taxi and a flaming rage.
 He carried a strobe light and the responsibility for
the lives of his men.
 She lowered her standards by raising her glass,
her courage, her eyes and his hopes.

13. ФИГУРЫ ПРОТИВОПОЛОЖНОСТИ:
(FIGURES OF CONTRAST)
 Оксюморон
 Антитеза

14. ОКСЮМОРОН(OXYMORON)
 oxymoronic expressions: act naturally, random
order, original copy, criminal justice, old news, awful
good, student teacher, deafening silence, definite
possibility, terribly pleased, ill health, loose tights,
small crowd, clearly misunderstood.
 How is it possible to have a civil war?
 The best cure for insomnia is to get a lot of sleep.
 A yawn may be defined as a silent yell.

15. АНТИТЕЗА (ANTITHESIS)
 Love is an ideal thing, marriage a real thing.
 We must learn to live together as brothers or
perish together as fools.

16.  The book has a power, so to speak, a very
exceptional power; in fact, one may say
without exaggeration it is the most powerful
book of the month.
 ‘Did you hit a woman with a child?’
’No, sir! I hit her with a brick!’
 We were partners, not soul mates, two
separate people who happened to be
sharing a menu and a life.

17.  The more acute the experience, the less
articulate its expression.
 When he lifted me up in his arms I felt I had
left all my troubles on the floor beneath me
like gigantic concrete shoes.
 He has seen the ravages of war, he has
known natural catastrophes, he has been to
singles bars.
 We have to believe in free will. We have no
choice.