The document discusses several key aspects of socialization: 1. Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills needed to function in society. It involves both learning and teaching processes. 2. Socialization transforms individuals from biological beings into social beings by teaching them appropriate gender roles, responsibilities, skills and how to interact with others based on social norms. 3. Different socialization agents like family, peers, media, and school socialize individuals according to different sociological theories like social learning theory and functionalism which see socialization as important for personality development and social order.

1. Prepared by:
Orlando A. Pistan, MAEd-GC
Psychology Instructor

2.  In sociology, socialization - is the process of internalizing
the norms and ideologies of society. Socialization
encompasses both learning and teaching and is thus "the
means by which social and cultural continuity are attained".
 Sociology - is the study of the development, structure,
problems and functioning of human society.
 Society - is the aggregate of people living together in a
more or less ordered community.

3.  The French
philosopher Auguste
Comte (1798–1857)—often
called the “father of
sociology”—first used the
term “sociology” in 1838 to
refer to the scientific study
of society.

4. 1. Socialization is a process of learning.
Socialization is not only a term but a full process of learning of
individuals how to conduct their life, morals and values.
2. Converts Individual from biological being to social being.
Socialization converts individual from a biological bearing to social
being and social entity.
3. Personality Development.
Socialization play a vital role in personality and self-development as
self is not inherited but acquired from the society by individual.

5. 4. Teaches Discipline.
Socialization teaches discipline and conduct to the
individuals and show the way to live in society.
5. Teaches Duties and Responsibilities.
Male and female acquire the sense of duties and
responsibilities through socialization.
6. Establishes Knowledge and Skill.
It is a process which give shine and groom to our natural
talent with acquired skills.

6. 7. Stability of Social Order.
It brings social control and stability in social order.
8. Transmission of culture from one generation to
other.
Socialization is a bridge for transmission of culture from
our generation to the next ones.

7.  Group socialization is the theory that an individual’s peer
groups, rather than parental figures, influences his or her
personality and behavior in adulthood. Adolescents spend
more time with peers than with parents. Therefore, peer
groups have stronger correlations with personality
development than parental figures do.
 For example, twin brothers, whose genetic makeup are
identical, will differ in personality because they have
different groups of friends, not necessarily because their
parents raised them differently.

8.  Gender socialization contends that “an important part of
socialization is the learning of culturally defined gender
roles ”. Gender socialization refers to the learning of
behavior and attitudes considered appropriate for a given
sex. Boys learn to be boys, and girls learn to be girls.
 This “learning” happens by way of many different agents of
socialization. The family is certainly important in
reinforcing gender roles, but so are one’s friends, school,
work, and the mass media.

9.  Cultural socialization refers to parenting practices that
teach children about their racial history or heritage, and
sometimes, is referred to as “pride development. ”
 Preparation for bias refers to parenting practices focused on
preparing children to be aware of, and cope with
discrimination.
 Promotion of mistrust refers to the parenting practices of
socializing children to be wary of people from other races.

10.  Object relation theory
 Psychoanalytic theory
 Social learning theory
 Functionalist theory
 Conflict theory
 Looking-Glass theory
 Social Self theory

11.  By: Melanie Klein
 Children learn through taking the role of
significant others, especially the first caregiver,
the mother.
 Suggests that the way people relate to others and
situations in their adult lives is shaped by family
experiences during infancy. Furthermore, it also
emphasized that humans are primarily
motivated by the need for contact with others—
the need to form relationships.

12.  By: Sigismund Schlomo Freud
 Sees personality as being a result of
unconscious motivations.
 Components of personality: Id, Ego and
Superego
 If a child does not develop normally, and the
superego does not become strong to
overcome id, antisocial behavior may result.

13.  By: Albert Bandura
 Sees personality as being a result of observing
and mimicking the behaviors of a social model.
 A social model can be in the form of media or
real life individual.
 For social learning to occur, four requirements
are identified:
1. Observation
2. Retention
3. Reproduction
4. Motivation

14.  By: Emile Durkheim
 Sees society as a structure with interrelated parts
designed to meet the biological and social needs of the
individuals in that society.
 Crimes help everyone recognize the line between right
and wrong.
 Crime encourages social change.
 Crime is normal in the society.
 The society relies on conformity to maintain social
equilibrium and avoid punishment.

15.  By: Karl Marx
 Social groups compete over material goods,
opportunities and values.
 Some social groups dominate others, and
they dictate social order.
 Inequalities among human beings generate
conflicts needing to be resolved.
 Social change is driven by conflicts.

16. CHI vs. PHI territorial dispute
Darwin Dormitorio hazing @ PMA
Gretchen Diez and SOGIE Bill

17.  By: Charles H. Cooley
 The theory states that a person's self
grows out of society's interpersonal
interactions and the perceptions of
others.
 People shape themselves based on
what other people perceive and
confirm other people's opinion on
themselves.

18.  The looking glass self theory states that we change
our self-perception based on how we guess others
perceive us, not on how they actually perceive us.
 If you revise how you think about yourself, then
you are changing your mind about your self-concept.

19.  By: George Herbert Mead
 One's identity emerges out of
external social interactions and
internal feelings of oneself.
 Self is not evident at birth but
emerges over time through
language, play, and games.

20. Many of us today live in a culture that encourages us to think of our selves as
essentially and uniquely individual, cut off from or even opposed to the larger
societies in which we live. When we hear people say things like, “I don’t care
what other people think about me,” we get a glimpse into common
misconceptions of what it means to be a self.
But Mead’s theory of the self convincingly shows us that this way of thinking is
wrongheaded. What others think of us, the perspectives of others we gain
from being a part of the conversation of gestures, are absolutely necessary for
us to even have a sense of self. We think of ourselves as individuals, to be sure,
but we are only able to do so by virtue of being a part of a larger social
community.

21. Thank you for
paying attention.