About centrifugal pump.

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*Introduction
*Classification of pumps
*Components of pump
*How pump works
*Problems
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PUMP:
It is hydraulic machine which
convert mechanical
Energy into hydraulic energy
such that pressure energy.
Widely used for
transportation of
fluid(liquid).
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5. Dynamic Pumps
Pumps in which the
energy is added to the
water continuously and
the water is not
contained in a set
volume.
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6. Displacement
Pumps
Pumps in which the
energy is added to the
water periodically and
the water is contained
in a set volume.
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Dynamic pumps are used in conditions where high volumes are
required and a change in flow is not a problem. As the
discharge pressure on a dynamic pump is increased, One type
of dynamic pump, centrifugal pumps, are the most com-
pump used in water systems. Dynamic pumps can be operated
for short periods of time with the discharge valve closed.
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8. A centrifugal pump is a
machine that uses
rotation to impart
velocity to a liquid, it
then converts that
velocity into flow.
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*Casing:
The main purpose of casings to convert kinetic
energy into pressure energy.
Casing are generally of three types:
*Volute:- used for higher head.
*Vortex :- eddy currents are reduced.
*Circular:- Used for lower head.
*Volute is curved funnel increasing in area to the
discharge port. As the area of cross-section
increase , the volute reduce the speed of the
liquid and increases the pressure of the liquid.
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Impeller:-
The impeller is the main rotating part
that provides the centrifugal acceleration
to the fluid.
There is three types of impeller:-
• Closed impeller:- Used for clean liquid.
• Semi closed impeller:- Used for
contaminated liquid.
• Open impeller :- Used for muddy/cloggy
liquid.
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Shaft:-
Its purpose is to transmit the torques
encountered when starting and during
operation.
Supports the impeller and other
rotating parts.
Shaft Sleeve:-
To protect the shaft from damage due
to the packing, a shaft sleeve can be
installed. A shaft sleeve is a brass or
stainless steel sleeve that fits tightly
over the shaft.
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13. • Liquid forced into
impeller.
• Vanes pass kinetic
energy to liquid,
Liquid rotates and
leaves impeller.
• Volute casing converts
kinetic energy into
pressure energy.
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• Cavitation is the condition where
vapor bubbles are formed in a
flowing liquid when the pressure of
the liquid falls below its vapor
pressure. Once the bubbles reach an
area where the pressure increases
above vapor pressure, the bubbles
collapse thereby creating small
areas of high temperature and
emitting shock waves.
• Cavitation is undesirable because it
can damage the impeller, cause
noise and vibration, and decrease
pump efficiency.
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*The pump has a NPSH requirement in order to prevent cavitation
damage occurring and causing sever damage
*The NPSH increases with flow due to pump internal losses,
Friction losses impeller losses etc.
NPSHatm>NPSHpump
{if NPSHatm<NPSHPUMP} result is cavitation
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*Wieldy used in industry
*Chemical industry
*Steel industry
*Power plant
*Waste water treatment plant
*In house and building for water supply.
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Centrifugal pumps are known for high efficiency
with low power consumption. This combination is
crucial in a commercial building, for example, where
many centrifugal pumps may be used. Because of
their simple design, they are known for durability
and low maintenance.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump

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