Detailed study on active ageing on the people of India and Singapore and developed a active ageing index model using Naive Baye's to rank people aaccordingly

1. Presented by:
Abhilasha Kumari || Ashok Eapen
Pranav Agarwal || Rohit Pattnaik
[National University of Singapore ]

2. Content
 Introduction
 Survey
 Active Aging Index
 Persona
 Prototype
 Conclusion

4. Global
India
65 63.5
56-60 56-60
5-9 3.5-7.5
Average age for
Retirement
(Numbers in
Years)
Iceland 67 67
• Retirement age ?
• Data sources on the situation ?
• National, regional or local-level policy ?
• Level of political support and awareness
?
• Local initiatives ?
• Active Ageing Index (AAI) ?
• Key challenges limiting the use of AAI ?
• Unique societal diversity and needs
• WHO Reports 2002
• UNECE 2012 (Economic
Commission of Europe Reports)
• Intervention Prototypes
• Programs & Policies
• Concrete action plans
Starting Point
Points to ponder
Outcomes expected

5. Courtesy: WHO Active Ageing Policy Framework(2002)
Secondary Focus Group
Primary Focus Group
Special Interest Group

6. My safety
and
Quality of
life??
My Financial
independence??
My Social
Life??
My
Health??
Area of interest:
 Active ageing index(AAI) in Indians
 AAI in Indians staying in India Vs AAI
staying at abroad.
Typical Questions asked (Candid Mode)
 According to you, When does one start to age?
Employment:
 How did you prepare for retirement?
 How satisfied were you at work ?
 What are the reasons that stop people from
working as they get older?
Health :
 How do you take care of your health ?
 How do you evaluate your physical performance,
psychological well being and overall quality of
personal and social life?
Insights into active ageing determinants
What is Active Ageing Index ??

8. Insights from the interview
Quality of life/ Safety
Financial
independence
Social Life
Health
White Board Model
“I have to lead the same quality
of life as before”
- Former Manager ,Citi bank
“My son will take care of me
when I retire”
- Former Librarian
“There is no age to retire till a
person is willing to work” and 65 is
a very little age to retire”
– Former VP ,TATA STEEL
“I have saved money for my Second
Innings” ,I will open my own
business”
-- IT professional
“I would like to go back to my
hometown and lead a meaningful
life with family and friends.”
-- Army Officer
“I would like to strengthen my
social network and contribute to
social causes.”
-- Business Consultant
“You would get old when
you think you are old”. I
feel fit, I exercise and stay
stress free.
--- Professor
“I have an health insurance
to take care of my health in
my old age.
--- Taxi Driver

9. Less than
50
30.8%
Age 50-
60
40.7%
Age 60-
65
17.6%
Greater
than 65
11.0%
Participating Age Groups
India
69.3%
Singapore
20.5%
USA
2.3%
Britain
3.4%
Arab Emerates
4.5%
Demographics
• Age [65 > x > 50] as our Primary focus
group
• Age [x < 50] as our
Secondary focus group
• Age [x > 65] as our Special Interest
Group
• 69.3% respondents from India are
considered as the primary group
response
• Rest 30.7% responses from non
resident Indians are a mark of
satisfaction and AAI abroad
91 Valid
Responses
Across
5Countries

10. 4.4%
8.8%
25.3%
17.6%
44.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 Greater
than 70
How Old is truely "Old"
28.6%
56.0%
15.4%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
young middle-aged old
How old do you feel ?
Less than
50
30.8%
Age 50-
60
40.7%
Age 60-
65
17.6%
Greater
than 65
11.0%
44% of respondents feel Greater than
70 years of age is truly an old
However retirement age of 56-60 (In
India) doesn’t do justice to the population
Participants Age distribution

11. 19.8%
76.9%
3.3%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
alone with family at an assisted living
facility
Current Living Condition
70.3%
20.9%
3.3% 5.5%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
married single divorced or
separated
widow(er)
Current Marital Status
This confirms the congruency of
70.3% Married individuals flocking
in a family environment and a feeble
19.8% staying alone
30.8%
56.0%
6.6% 6.6%
1.1%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Independently At home cared
by family
members
At home cared
by health
professionals
At assisted living
facilities
Adventurous
Living Preferences Post Retirement
However 30.8% of respondents
who would like to live
independently post retirement

12. 8.8% 9.9%
44.0%
31.9%
5.5%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
paid formal
employment
volunteer
service
pursue
leisure
activities and
hobbies
spend time
with family
and friends
don't know
Post Retirement Plan
30.8%
56.0%
6.6% 6.6%
1.1%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Independently At home cared
by family
members
At home cared
by health
professionals
At assisted living
facilities
Adventurous
Living Preferences Post Retirement
The respondents who would like to
live independently may have
the inclination to pursue
Leisure activities and hobbies
Good to observe that only 5.5% of
the sample set is undecided on how
they want to lead their lives post
retirement

13. 68.1%
24.2%
2.2%
1.1%
4.4%
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%
Less than 20 hours
20-40 hours
40-60 hours
60-80 hours
more than 80hours
Time Spent on Volunteering/ social
Activity
57.1%
61.5%
50.5%
61.5%
70.3%
0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0%
Sports club/Gym/Club for
outdoor recreational
activities
Education/Arts/Music/Cultur
al organizations
Business/Professional
organizations
Religious organizations
Social organizations
Respondents Participation in volunteering
/social activities
70.3% of the sample respondents are
interested in social volunteering work.
However 68.1% spend <20 hours per
month

14. 19.8%
31.9%
20.9%
23.1%
4.4%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
Lack of time Not interested Don’t know how to
go about it
Cannot find an
organization that
can make right use
of your skill set
Financial reasons
(travel expense)
Why people don’t engage in Volunteer work?
31.9% of the sample respondents are
not interested in volunteer work.
20.9% are not aware on how to go
about volunteer work
23.1% Have skill Set mismatch
52.8% Hard to reach

15. 80.2%
13.2%
6.6%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
Yes No Don't Know
Would Like to work after Retirement?
56.0%
28.6%
8.8%
5.5%
1.1%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Most
appealing
Somewhat
appealing
Neutral Not
appealing
Don’t know
Incentives of Part time Job with partial pension
20.9%
35.2%
19.8% 17.6%
6.6%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
strongly
agree
agree neither
agree nor
disagree
disagree strongly
disagree
Increasing Retirement age is THE need of
the hour Whopping 80.2% respondents want to work post retirement
56.1% respondents agree that increasing retirement age is
the need of the hour
56% of the respondents want to work post retirement with
partial pension and part time job

16. 0
10
20
30
40
50
very important
fairly important
not very
important
not at all
important
don't know
Reason why individuals stop working
Mandatory retirement
There are no opportunities to
gradually reduce working hours
Older workers are not positively
viewed by employers
Older workers lack skills for
employment in a modern
workspace
Work places are not built to suit
the needs of older workers
NO Clear Victors Here ….. All parameters are fairly important

17. 0
20
40
60
very satisfied
satisfied
neither satisfied nor
dissatisfied
dissatisfied
very dissatisfied
General Life Satisfaction Levels
Life in general
Health
Work
Ability to perform day to day activities
Personal relationships
Living conditions
80.4% 75.0%
90.2%
68.5%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
Own Health
Insurance
Affordability Accecibility Adequacy
Health Care Facilities
Good overall level of satisfaction, greatly points towards
better active ageing index

18. 0
20
40
60
very satisfied
satisfied
neither satisfied
nor dissatisfied
dissatisfied
very dissatisfied
Amenities available and accessibility
Public Buildings
Public Transport
Road and Pedestrian Crossings
Public Parks
Commercial Premises
0
10
20
30
40
no change required
changes required
but not urgent
some change
required
a lot of change
required
new infrastructure
required
Changes and upgrades felt necessary
Interesting Metric Showing the Expectation Vs Reality
GAP
Satisfaction of the public yields more Expectation and
desire for change.

19. 12.1%
15.4%
26.4%
23.1% 23.1%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
not an
obstacle
a learning manageable a minor
obstacle
a major
obstacle
Technology a boon or a bane?Less than 50
30.8%
Age 50-
60
40.7%
Age 60-
65
17.6%
Greater
than 65
11.0%
Participants Age distribution
The Prototype that we develop has
to take all the above parameters
into account
Key determinants for success of prototype:
• Accessibility of service to target groups
• Ease of use
• Optimizing opportunities for health, participation
and security

22. Active Ageing Index calculation METHOD:
• 43 Data Points on Likert Scale Evaluated
• All data arranged in Descending order of favorability to
active ageing
• Scale worth varying between 2-5
𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒆𝒅 𝑨𝑨𝑰 𝑺𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆 =
𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟒𝟗
∗ ( 𝒌=𝟎
𝒏
(𝑳𝒊𝒌𝒆𝒓𝒕 𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝑽𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔) - 43)
Absolute Score
• Minimum : 43
• Maximum : 192
Normalized Scores
• Minimum : 0
• Maximum :10
Increasing Risk Better Active
Ageing
Interpretation of AAI and Normalized AAI
0
10
0
10

23. Increasing Risk/ Intervention
Better Active Ageing
• 13 individuals in Least
Risk Zone
• 27 individuals in Low Risk
Zone
• 36 individuals in Border
line Zone. Warning for
Active ageing
• 11 individuals in High Risk
Zone . Moderate
Intervention Required
• 4 individuals in Extreme
Risk Zone. Maximum
Intervention Required

25. Age Group
Education
Occupation
Health
Attributes
Social
Attributes
Johnn
y
Ariel Carl
<50 50-60 60-65 >65
Dr.Nefari
o
Undergraduate Postgraduate Post Doctoral Postgraduate
Engineer/white collar Manager/white
collar
Scientist,
Retired, Silver
Skill
Retired
Executive
Physically fit
Overall General
satisfaction
Physically fit
Overall General
satisfaction
Party Animal
Trekking & adventurer
Community work
Gamer
Selective Social
Group
Family oriented
Highly selective core
group
Community Work
Scientific
community
Physically mobile
Deteriorating Health
Overall General
satisfaction
Reduced Mobility
Deteriorating Health
Chronic condition
Limited Interaction
Community Work

26. Johnn
y
Ariel CarlDr.Nefari
o
Financial
Attributes
Technical
Adeptness
Low-Medium Income
High expenditure
No investments
Medium-High Income
High expenditure
Immovable property
investments
High Income
Low expenditure
Immovable property
investments
Intellectual Property
Low Income
Low expenditure
Immovable property
investments
Expert in new tech
Uses multiple modes of
communication
Expert in new service
exploration
Good in new tech
Uses limited modes of
communication
Expert in new service
exploration
Good in new tech
Uses limited modes of
communication
Bad in new service
exploration
Struggles with new tech
Uses limited modes of
communication
Bad in new service
exploration
Reachability
Interest

28. Engagement
Model
Need Based Rights Based
Communication / Awareness
Universal Identification
System (UID)
• Digital
• Printed
• Word of mouth
• Tele calling
• Mobile applications
AAIINTERVENTION Required
• Medical intervention
• Financial Intervention
• Social Intervention
WARNING Required
• Medical Warning
• Financial Warning
• Social Warning
INTERVENTION
not Required

29. Symptoms of onset of
cardiac problems
High AAI
Risk Score
Primary Warning
App Searches for
the nearest
window of
opportunity with
doctors using
severity of AAI
with patient (UID)
Automatic Follow UP
App Books
appointment and
Clears Patient’s
work calendar
using (UID).
Clients Get
Automated (OOO)
message
Automatic Report
analysis
Test confirms
coronary disease
and doctor updates
the Central Health
Server regarding
patient Condition
Real Time AAI
Recalculation
Central AAI
calculator
recalculates
risk for
patient and
makes it
available for
other systems
Medium AAI
Risk Score
Health Insurance
Company Notified
The Reports
and the
Health Index
is sent to the
health
insurance
provider.

30. Health Insurance
Company Issues
Monitors
The Patients
UID is used and
a monitoring kit
is sent
immediately
using cashless
service
Monitor Condition
App
monitors
patient
condition
real time
and sets
timers for
medication
History of Condition
App updates
central server
regarding any
complications
for the patient
Automatic Report
analysis
Doctor
Automatically
updated on
patient health
via Central
Server
Heart attack
The health
monitor
automatically
calls
emergency
services and
informs friends
Intensive care
Doctors are
updated with
patient info
very frequently
until stable

32. • Holsterin and Minkler (2007) argued that the process of idealization of active
ageing might be repressive and counterproductive
• Lay perspective is missing from the active ageing concept
– Besides, the AAI framework does not align with the lay perspectives of
successful ageing shown by Bowling and Dieppe (2005)
• Active for who?
– Individual, households, communities, nations, governments or policy
makers
• Very often these frameworks for active ageing are designed by policy makers
and academics and these might not reflect preferences of older people

33.  UNECE 2012 report:
https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=tpVMCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT336&lpg=PT336&dq=UNECE+2012+report&source=bl&ots=3Mo2cHjJj5&sig=xLLACvnNSzY4yyEgu
Ihs3dTr-7o&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiy48fV9sLSAhVIu48KHbvuCE0Q6AEIPjAH#v=onepage&q=UNECE%202012%20report&f=false
http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/documents/sustainable_development/2012/Report_on_measuring_sustainable_development_Dec_2012_-
_for_consultation.pdf
 WHO Report http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/67215/1/WHO_NMH_NPH_02.8.pdf
 TEDx Silver Skill: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgEFoLS9Bc4
 Retirement Age https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement_age