2. Introduction:-
In human being the process is one of
sexual reproduction, in which the
male & female organ differ
anatomically& physiologically.
3. Both male & females produce specialise
reproductive germ cells, called Gametes.
The male gametes are called Spermatozoa
The female gametes are called Ovum
4.
5.
6. Slide 6 of 22
Terminology:-
Sperm The reproductive cells in males.
Fertilization The process of a sperm cell joining with
an egg.
Testes The male reproductive glands.
Testosterone The sex hormone that affects the
production of sperm and signals certain
physical changes at puberty.
Scrotum A sac of skin that contains the testes.
7. Penis The external male sexual organ through
which sperm leave the body.
Semen The mixture of sperm and fluids produced
by the glands of the male reproductive
system.
Ejaculation The ejection of semen from the penis.
Infertility The condition of being unable to
reproduce.
8. Male reproductive organ are:-
Testis (Gonads)
Scrotum
Seminal
Prostate gland
Urethra
Panis
9.
10. Function:-
To produce sperm and protective fluid
(semen)
To discharge sperm within the female
reproductive tract
To produce male sex hormones
13. General Physical Changes
Enlargement of the external and internal
genitalia
Voice changes
Hair growth
Mental changes
Sebaceous gland secretions thicken/increase
acne
14. Are the reproductive gland of the male.
Each testis is an oval shaped.
About 5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide & 3
cm thick
Weighing 10–15 g each
Located in the scrotum
15. Layers of testis:-
There are three layers of tissue
Tunica vaginalis (Outer layer) There are
two layers of the tunica vaginalis: the visceral and the parietal.
Tunica albginea (Middle layer)
Tunica vasculosa (Inner layer)
16.
17. Structure of testis:-
There are about 200-300 lobules in each
testis.
Each contains 1 to 4 -seminiferous
tubules that converge to form a single
straight tubule.
Between the tubules are group of
intestinal cell (cells of Leydig), that
secret the hormone testosterone after
puberty.
18. Epididymis, vas deferens and seminal
vesicles (male duct which transport
sperm to the penis)
19.
20.
21.
22. Blood supply:-
Blood supply:-By branch of testicular
artery.
Venous drainage:-By testicular vein
Lymph drainage:-By lymph node around
the aorta
Nerve supply :-By the 10th
& 11th
thorasic
nerve
23. Function:-
Production of sperm in the
seminiferus tubules of the testis.
Production of Androgens,
Testesterone.
24. Slide 24 of 22
Male Reproductive System
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
gland
Bulbourethral
gland
Front View
Urinary bladder
Vas deferens
Urethra
Penis
Epididymis
Testis
25.
26. • The ejection of semen from the penis is called ejaculation.
Release of Sperm
• Ejaculation occurs when muscles in the male reproductive
system and at the base of the bladder contract, forcing
semen through the urethra.
• Several million sperm cells are released during one
ejaculation.
• Ejaculation can occur when the penis is in an erect state.
27.
28. Characteristics:-
is only 0.06 mm long.
A healthy sperm cell is usually a
white color
Life span of sperm is 48 to 72 hrs
29. Functions:
To deliver its set of genes to the egg
and to stimulate the egg to begin
development.
30. The Pathway of Sperm
Seminal
vesicle
Prostat
e gland
Bulbourethr
al gland
Vas deferens
Urethra
Penis
Epididymis
Testis
Sperm are produced in the testes. They
mature and are stored in the epididymis.
Sperm travel through the vas deferens to
the seminal vesicles.
Seminal vesicles add a fluid that provides
a source of energy for the active sperm.
The prostate gland adds a fluid that
protects the sperm.
The bulbourethral glands add a
lubricating fluid that aids the passage of
sperm through the urethra.
31. Consists of skin and subcutaneous tissue
A vertical septum, of subcutaneous tissue in the center
divides it into two parts, each containing one testis.
Smooth muscle fibers in the subcutaneous tissue contract
to give the scrotum its wrinkled appearance.
The cremaster musclecontrols the position of the scrotum
and testes.
When it is cold or a man is sexually aroused, this muscle
contracts to pull the testes closer to the body for warmth.
32.
33.
34. It is the accessory sex organ in male
Position:-In lower abdomen on either
side of prostate.
Each has a short duct that joins with
the ductus deferens at the ampulla to
form an ejaculatory duct, which then
empties into the urethra.
The fluid is viscous and mucoid in
nature
37. The Pathway of Sperm
Seminal
vesicle
Prostat
e gland
Bulbourethr
al gland
Vas deferens
Urethra
Penis
Epididymis
Testis
Sperm are produced in the testes. They
mature and are stored in the epididymis.
Sperm travel through the vas deferens to
the seminal vesicles.
Seminal vesicles add a fluid that provides
a source of energy for the active sperm.
The prostate gland adds a fluid that
protects the sperm.
The bulbourethral glands add a
lubricating fluid that aids the passage of
sperm through the urethra.
39. Accessory glands
Are the seminal vesicles, prostate
gland, and the bulbourethral glands.
These glands secrete fluids that
enter the urethra.
40. Is ejaculated during sexual act.
Is consist of sperm & product of accessory
glands.
The sperm and secretions from the
bulbourethral gland contribute only a small
volume.
42. Composition of semen:-
Sperm: 10%
Product from seminal vesicle:60%
Product from prostate gland:30%
43. It is consist of 20-30 separate glands.
Weight it is about 40 gm
It is open in to urethra.
Position:- Situated in the pelvic cavity in
the front of the rectum & behind the
symphysis pubis.
44. Characteristics:-
The secretions of the prostate are
thin, milky colored, and alkaline.
Composition:-
Sodium,Calcium,Zink,Citrate,cholesterol
,Phospholipid,Cloting enzymes etc.
45. Function:-
Maintenance of ph for fertilization.
To control the flow of urine outside
the human body.
Secretes a milky fluid that combines
with sperm to make semen.
46.
47. Is a cylindrical pendant organ located
anterior to the scrotum.
Consists of three columns of erectile tissue
that are wrapped in connective tissue and
covered with skin.
The single, midline ventral column
surrounds the urethra and is called the
corpus spongiosum.
48. 3 parts: a root, body (shaft), and glans penis.
The root of the penis attaches it to the pubic
arch.
The body is the visible portion.
51. Extends from the urinary bladder to the
external urethral orifice at the tip of the
penis.
It is a passageway for sperm and fluids
from the reproductive system and urine
from the urinary system.
Divided into three regions:
The prostatic urethra, the membranous urethra
& the penile urethra.
52. Erection
Involves increase in length, width &
firmness
Changes in blood supply: arterioles
dilate, veins constrict
The spongy erectile tissue fills with
blood
Erectile Dysfunction [ED] also known
as impotence
53. Hormones
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates spermatogenesis
Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone
(ICSH) stimulates the production of
testosterone
testosterone stimulates the
development of male secondary sex
characteristics.
Notas do Editor
period when the endocrine and gamete – producing functions of the gonads have first developed to where reproduction is possible
the tunica albuginea, surrounds each testis and extends inward to form septa that partition the organ into lobules There are about 250 lobules in each testis. Each contains 1 to 4 highly coiled seminiferous tubules that converge to form a single straight tubule, which leads into the rete testis. Short efferent ducts exit the testes.
Interstitial cells (cells of Leydig), which produce male sex hormones, are located between the seminiferous tubules within a lobule
A vertical septum, or partition, of subcutaneous tissue in the center divides it into two parts, each containing one testis.
Smooth muscle fibers, called the dartos muscle, in the subcutaneous tissue contract to give the scrotum its wrinkled appearance. When these fibers are relaxed, the scrotum is smooth.
the cremaster muscle, consists of skeletal muscle fibers and controls the position of the scrotum and testes. When it is cold or a man is sexually aroused, this muscle contracts to pull the testes closer to the body for warmth
saccular glands posterior to the urinary bladder.
Each gland has a short duct that joins with the ductus deferens at the ampulla to form an ejaculatory duct, which then empties into the urethra.
The fluid is viscous and contains fructose, which provides an energy source for the sperm; prostaglandins, which contribute to the mobility and viability of the sperm; and proteins that cause slight coagulation reactions in the semen after ejaculation.
a slightly alkaline mixture of sperm cells and secretions from the accessory glands. Secretions from the seminal vesicles make up about 60 percent of the volume of the semen, with most of the remainder coming from the prostate gland. The sperm and secretions from the bulbourethral gland contribute only a small volume.
The volume of semen in a single ejaculation may vary from 1.5 to 6.0 ml. There are between 50 to 150 million sperm per milliliter of semen. Sperm counts below 10 to 20 million per milliliter usually present fertility problems. Although only one sperm actually penetrates and fertilizes the ovum, it takes several million sperm in an ejaculation to ensure that fertilization will take place.
a firm, dense structure that is located just inferior to the urinary bladder.
It is about the size of a walnut and encircles the urethra as it leaves the urinary bladder.
Numerous short ducts from the substance of the prostate gland empty into the prostatic urethra. The secretions of the prostate are thin, milky colored, and alkaline. They function to enhance the motility of the sperm.
the male copulatory organ, is a cylindrical pendant organ located anterior to the scrotum and functions to transfer sperm to the vagina.
consists of three columns of erectile tissue that are wrapped in connective tissue and covered with skin. The two dorsal columns are the corpora cavernosa. The single, midline ventral column surrounds the urethra and is called the corpus spongiosum.
It is a passageway for sperm and fluids from the reproductive system and urine from the urinary system. While reproductive fluids are passing through the urethra, sphincters contract tightly to keep urine from entering the urethra.
spongy erectile tissue is a loose network of connective tissue with many spaces
ED – inability to achieve or maintain an erection
Affects approx. 30 mil men in USA. Not unusual to experience sometime – usually due to psychological problems: stress, depression, worrying, grief
Physical problems: nerve damage – usually accompanying diabetes or alcoholism
Atherosclerosis [fatty deposits] in arteries supplying penis
medications: HTN, antihistamines, antinausea & antiseizure, antidepressants, sedatives, tranquilzers
Cigarettes, marijuana & alcohol
Treat ED – eliminate problem. Medications: Viagra type enhance nitric oxide that is released with arousal and caused arterioles to dilate