Complete content regarding Hypothyroidism

1. Hyperthyroidism
By
Mr ASHOK DHAKA BISHNOI
Director, JINC

2. Thyroid Gland (2)
Endocrine-Glands.ppt 2

3.  Position:- Situated in the neck in front of the
larynx & trachea at the level of 5th ,6th & 7th
cervical & 1st thoracic vertebrae.
 Weight it is about:- 25 gm
 Shape:- Butterfly in shape
Introduction:-
3

4.  It consisting of two lobes one on either side
of thyroid cartilage
 The lobe are cone shaped
 About 5cm long
 3 cm wide
4

5. Secretion of hormone:-
1. T3 (Tri-iodothyronine)--- thyrotoxicosis
2. T4 (Thyroid)
Function:-
◦ Increases BMR & produce energy
◦ It help in metabolism of protein ,fat & CHO
3. Calcitonin
Function:-
◦ Reduce blood calcium level
◦ It reduce reabsorbtion of calcium level from bone
5

6. “”It is due to hyper secretion of T3
& T4 hormone characterized by
increase BMR””
Hyperthyroidism/overactive thyroid:-

7.  Graves' disease. is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is
an immune system disorder. The body produces antibodies that cause the
thyroid to make and release too much thyroid hormone.
 Thyroid tumor. A noncancerous thyroid tumor may make and secrete
increased amounts of thyroid hormones.
 Toxic multinodular goiter. The thyroid gland is enlarged with
many noncancerous thyroid tumors. They secrete increased amounts of thyroid
hormone.
 Note:- very rare situations, excess thyroid hormone can come from a
source outside the thyroid. For example, abnormal tissue growth in
the ovary can secrete thyroid hormone
Etiology:-

8.  Nervousness
 Insomnia
 Dramatic emotional swings
 Sweating
 Tremors
 Increased heart rate
 Frequent bowel movements
 Unexplained weight loss, often despite an increased appetite
 Feeling warm or hot all the time
 Muscle weakness
 Shortness of breath and heart palpitations
 Hair loss
 Heat intolerance
 Reduction in menstrual flow
 Exophthalmos
C/F:-

10.  History, PE
 T3 & T4 Level
 Blood tests to check levels of certain
antibodies
 An ultrasound of the thyroid
 A thyroid scan
D/E:-

11.  Have patient seated on a stool /
chair
 Inspect neck before & after
swallowing
 Examine with neck in relaxed
position
 Palpate from behind the patient
 Remember the rule of finger tips
 Use the tips of fingers for
palpation
 Palpate firmly down to trachea

16. M/M:-
Anti Thyroid Drugs Eg.Methimazole,
Carbimazole
S/M:
 Thyroidectomy – Subtotal or Total
Diet:-High calories diet
Management:-