The document provides an anatomical description of the female reproductive organs, including both external and internal structures. It describes the external genitalia such as the vulva, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule. Internally, it outlines the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It discusses the functions of these organs and their roles in menstruation, sexual intercourse, fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth.
1. Anatomy of Female reproductive
organs
Submitted to:
Dr K K Chopra
Dr. Meenu
Submitted by:
Deepakshi baweja
BAMS 3rd yr
2. 2
EXTERNAL GENTILIA
The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly v
isible
The vulva includes:
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Vestibule
Perineum
4. 4
MONS PUBIS(MONS VENERIS)
The triangular mound of fatty tissue that cove
rs the pubic bone
It protects the pubic symphysis
During adolescence sex hormones trigger the
growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis
Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount, c
olor and thickness
5. 5
LABIA MAJORA
Referred to as the outer lips
They have a darker pigmentation
The Labia Majora FUNCTION:
Protect the introitus and urethral openings
Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands
Mass of fat, plexus of veins
It is homologous to scrotum in male
6. 6
LABIA MINORA (Nymphae)
Referred to as the “inner lips”
Made up of erectile, connective tissue that da
rkens and swells during sexual arousal
Located inside the labia majora
They are more sensitive and responsive to to
uch than the labia majora
Lower portion fuses across midline to for
m fold of skin called fourchette
7. 7
CLITORIS
Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves, bl
ood vessels, and erectile tissue
It is made up of glans, a body , and two crura
Becomes engorged with blood during sexual s
timulation
Urethral opening is located directly below c
litoris
8. 8
Vestibule
. Triangular space bounded anteriorly by clitoris p
osteriorly by fourchette and on either side by labi
a minora
. It has four openings
1) urethral opening
2) vaginal oriface and hymen
3)opening Of Bartholin's ducts
4) skene's glands
9. 9
a) Urethral opening:
It is situated in the midline just in front of vaginal orific
e
b) Vaginal orifice and hymen:
It lies in posterior end of vestibule and is closed by sep
tum of mucus membrane called hymen
c) opening of Bartholin's ducts:
It is two in number situated in the superficial perineal p
ouch
Secretes alkaline mucus which help in lubrication
d) Skene's gland:
These are largest paraurethral glands which is homolog
ous to prostate in males
10. 10
PERINEUM
The muscle and tissue located between the v
aginal opening and anal canal
It supports and surrounds the lower parts of t
he urinary and digestive tracts
The perinium contains an abundance of nerve
endings that make it sensitive to touch
An episiotomy is an incision of the perineum
used during childbirth for widening the vagina
l opening
14. 14
VAGINA
The vagina connects the cervix to the externa
l genitals
It is located between the bladder and rectum
It functions :
As a passageway for the menstrual flow
For uterine secretions to pass down through t
he introitus
As the birth canal during labor
With the help of two Bartholin’s glands becom
es lubricated during sexual intercourse
15. 15
CERVIX
The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina
The cervical opening to the vagina is small
This acts as a safety precaution against foreig
n bodies entering the uterus
During childbirth, the cervix dilates to accom
modate the passage of the fetus
This dilation is a sign that labor has begun
16. 16
UTERUS
A pear shaped organ
Located between bladder and rectum
Length: Nulliparous(6 to 8),Multiparous(9 to 10)
It is made up of the endometrium, myometrium and peri
metrium
The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to accommo
date a growing fetus and push it through the birth canal
It consists of 3 parts
a)Body or corpus b) Isthmus c) cervix
17. 17
Body :
It has fundus , which lies above the openings of uter
ine tubes and It is triangular
Isthmus :
It is constricted part between body and cervix
Cervix :
It is cylindrical in shape which extends from and ope
ns into vagina
The part above vagina is supravaginal and the part
which lies within vagina is called vaginal part
18. 18
FALLOPIAN TUBES
Length:8 to 14 cm
Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uteru
s
Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm
Portions: Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infund
ibulum
Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 da
ys to travel through the fallopian tube to impl
ant in the uterine lining
19. 19
OVARIES
Almond-shaped organs, development and ext
rusion of ova, synthesis and secretion of stero
id hormones
A woman is born with approximately 400,000
immature eggs called follicles
During a lifetime a woman release 400 to 500
fully matured eggs for fertilization
The follicles in the ovaries produce the female
sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen
These hormones prepare the uterus for impla
ntation of the fertilized egg
20. 20
ARTERIES
Uterine and ovarian art
Uterine art:
Internal iliac (Hypogastric) art
Ovarian art:
Direct branch of Aorta
21. 21
VEINS
Uterine veins ; Internal iliac vein ; Co
mmon iliac vein
Right ovarian vein ;IVC
Left ovarian vein ;Left renal vein
22. स्त्री शरीर रचना
महिला प्रजनन प्रणाली की वणणनात्मक शारीररक रचना आयुवेद में
इतना स्त्पष्ट निीीं िै
भग (vulva) डल्िण
स्त्मसतपर या भगशशशशि्नका (clitoris )डल्िण
याेनन (vagina) डल्िण, भावशमश्र, अष्टाींगसींग्रिकार
गभाणशय (uterus) डल्िण, भावशमश्र,
अष्टाींगसींग्रिकार,काश्यप,अष्टाींगहृदय
22
23. भग एवीं स्त्मसतपर या भगशशशश ि्नका
द्वादशाड्गुलानन भगववस्त्तारः...... सु. सींेसू 35/12
vulva is 12 angulas acc. To commentator dalhana.
स्त्मसतपर is situated in upper portion of the
organ resembling leaf of pippala (vulva)
Below this is the orifice for discharge of menstrual
blood
23
25. याेनन
बहिमुणख (external orifice)
Females have three extra external orifices, two in breasts
(one in each breast) and one downwards to excrete
artava, situated below the smaratapatra(clitoris).
It resembles shankhanabhi (hollow portion of conch shell)
in shape and has three avartas(envelopes) garbhashaya is
situated in third avarta.
25
28. गभाणशय
Women posses one extra eighth asaya as
garbhasaya ,which is situated behind in third
avarta of yoni ,behind the urinary bladder in
between pittasaya and pakwasaya or in between
uipula kundala of srotas (multiple coils of
intestine) covered with jarayu(peritoneum).
28
29. गभाणशय
Dalhana says that it is hollow inside just
like mouth of rohita fish ,the vasti(urinary
bladder) is behind the bhaga (vulva) and
uterus is above this.
29
30. आतणववि स्राेतस ि्
आतणववि द्व, तयाेमूणलीं गभाणशय आतणववाहिन्यश्च
धमन्यः
तर ववर्ध्दायाीं वन्धयात्वीं मैथुनासहिष्णुत्वमातणवनाशश्च
||
[सु. शा. 9/22]
These are two in number, having roots in
garbhashya and artavavahi dhamanis ,injury to
these produce infertility, dysperunia,
amenorrhea.
30