The Higgs boson is an elementary particle that is responsible for giving mass to other particles. It was proposed in 1964 and discovered in 2012 at CERN's Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland. The Higgs boson is extremely short-lived, decaying within one billionth of a trillionth of a second. Its discovery helps scientists better understand how particles acquire mass and could provide insights into cosmic inflation, dark matter, and the composition of the universe.
2. The Higgs boson is an elementary particle which is known to have given and taken
mass from particles. It is part of a group called bosons which are force carriers. Ex:
electricity
History of Higgs boson:
•The Higgs boson is named after Peter higgs who proposed it in 1964.
•The scientists who proposed higgs boson are: Robert Brout, Peter higgs and Francois
englert.
• It also known as “God Particle” by people outside the scientific community from the
title of a book written on the higgs boson and particle physics by noble prize winner
Leon Lederman.
•It was discovered on 4th July,2012.
Robert Brout Peter Higgs Francois Englert
3. A higgs boson is produced by a proton-proton collision, but a proton-proton is not enough as
one fermion or a quark from each proton must collide in which all the energy produced from
the collision is concentrated in one spot ad during such a collision a particle called the higgs
boson is produced but such a collision can happen one in a trillion.
Such collisions can take place only in a particle collider and the only
particle collider that powerful is the LHC(Large Hadron Collider)
it is located at CERN in Switzerland, it is a large underground
Tunnel stretching 27 Km near Geneva. It cost CERN about
10$ Billon to build it and the salaries of its scientists. It is used
Two beams of Protons or other particles. The computer system
used at LHC is a JAVA program
Quarks
Gluons
4. Detection of Higgs boson :-
The higgs boson can be detected by a disruption in the higgs field(Which looks like a
energy field) which exists everywhere. This disruption can be very difficult to detect as
the higgs boson can decay within one billionth of a trillionth of a second.
Significance:-
•Its discovery could play a significant part in many theoretical equations which would
help scientists understand of how world came into being.
•Opens possibilities to potential new discoveries including a theory known as “Super
Symmetry” (Meaning each particle has a super partner. Ex:- Electron has a Selectron).
•How particles acquire mass. Ex:- Cocktail party analogy.
Applications:-
•How particles acquire mass.
•Insight into cosmic inflation.
•Insight into energy of vacuum.
5. Another important Application of the higgs boson is that it can help scientists understand and
explain the other 95 percent of the universe.
According to Supersymmetry there exists Dark matter and Dark energy. Dark matter helps
matter contract while Dark energy helps matter to expand the cooperation of these two helped
the universe to obtain its current state.
Composition of universe
Matter
Dark Matter
Dark energy
72%
5%
23%
