3. Herbal study
of
Isupgol & Ustukhudus

4. Out line
PLANT PROFILE
BOTANY
HISTORY
CHEMISTRY
PHARMACOLOGY
TOXICOLOGY
PATIENT INFORMATION
(Uses & Side Effects)
PRODUCTS
REFERENCES

5. Isapgol
Plant Profile
Scientific name : Plantago ovata
P. psyllium
English name : Blond psyllium , Spogel seeds
common name : Isabgol , Isabgul (Hindi)
Iskol , Isphogol (Tamil)
Family : Plantaginaceae
Distribution : India, West Asia, Pakistan, Persia,
Mexico, Mediterranean Regions

6. BOTANY
It is 10-15 cm tall short-stemmed annual herb. Leaves are born
alternately on the stem. Flowers in terminal spikes, fruit like a
capsule. Seeds are translucent and concavo-convex.
PART USED: Husk from spikes and seeds.
CHEMISTRY
Chemical Constituents
The large amount of mucilage (mainly composed of arabinose ,
xylose, galacturonic acid), albuminous matter, semi drying fatty
oil and small amount of aucubin.
The seeds are sweet in taste and have cold and astringent action.

7. PHARMACOLOGY
. Digestive enzymes is not acted upon mucilage , therefore
unchangedly passes through the small and large intestines. Fluids and
gases present in intestines are also absorbed by this gel.
. They act as a soothing agent for the intestinal mucosa and their
mucilage binds and increases the mass of the stool to facilitate its
smooth passing.
. The latest research has shown that isapgol also has cholesterol-
lowering properties.
TOXICOLOGY
An overdose of isapgol or not taking sufficient liquids with it may pose
a risk of partial or complete intestinal obstruction. In active phase of
rheumatoid arthritis it may aggravate the pain and stiffness of the joints
as due to its cold effect .

8. PATIENT INFORMATIONS
Uses
 Chronic and habitual constipation
 Diarrhoea (IBS)
 Dysentery
 Stool regulariser
 Specific and non-specific colitis and other diseases of the ano-rectal
track like piles, fissures etc
Side Effects
 Anaphylaxis
 Gastrointestinal tract obstruction
 Esophageal food bolus obstruction
 Block the throat or esophagus and may cause choking, if it is not
taken with sufficient amount of water.
Products
 Ispaghol Husk

9. Ustukhuddus
Plant Profile
Scientific name Lavandula angustafolia
Lavandula officinalis
Common name
Arabic: Ustukhuddus Spanish: lavanda
French: lavende English: elf leaf
Family Lamiaceae
Distribution The plants are native to the Mediterranean
region.

10. BOTANY
Lavender plants are aromatic evergreen sub-shrubs that grow to
about 3 feet high. The plant has small blue or purple flowers. The
narrow leaves are fuzzy and gray when young and turn green as they
mature.
Part used Fresh flowering tops are collected, and the essential oil
is distilled or extracts are obtained by solvent extraction.
CHEMISTRY
Lavender flowers contain between 1% to 3% essential oil.
The oil is a complex mixture of more than 150 compounds, the most
abundant of which are linaloyl acetate (30% to 55%), linalool (20% to
35%), cineole, camphor, beta-, ocimene limonene, caproic acid,
caryophyllene oxide and tannins.

11. PHARMACOLOGY
Antispasmodic/digestive aid: Lavender oil has spasmolytic effects on
smooth muscle by reduced contractions in response to nerve
stimulation.
Sedative/hypnotic
linalool inhibited glutamate binding in the cerebral cortex. linalyl acetate
and linalool, significantly decreased baseline
motility.
Endocrine
cause hypoglycemia in normoglycemic rats, active hypoglycemic
components to be partially water soluble and those active components
have not been chemically classified.
Immune modulation( Anti-inflammatory)
Caryophylleneoxide significantly reduced IgE- induced histamine release
and tumornecrosis factor-alpha.

12. Analgesic
linalyl acetate, linalool and Eugenol exerted a significant local
anesthetic effect, significantly increasing the number of
stimuli needed to provoke palpebral closure.
Antimicrobial ( Antibacterial, antifungal, insecticide )
limonene, linalool , linalyl acetate, and camphor.
TOXICOLOGY
Lavender oil exhibited a low order of toxicity when
administered subcutaneously may cause dermatitis and
allergic raction.

13. PATIENT INFORMATION
Uses
Restlessness, Insomnia, Nervousness and Depression
Digestive complaints
Meteorism (abdominal swelling from gas in the intestinal or peritoneal
cavity), loss of appetite, vomiting, nausea, intestinal gas (flatulence),
and upset stomach.
Painful conditions
Migraine headaches ,toothaches sprains , nerve pain, sores, and joint
pain. It is also used for acne and cancer, and to promote menstruation.
Skin
Hair loss (alopecia areata ) and pain, and to repel mosquitoes and
other insects.
Some people add lavender to bathwater to treat circulation disorders
and improve mental well being.
By inhalation
Aromatherapy for insomnia, pain, and agitation related to dementia.

14. Side Effects
Allergic contact dermatitis.
Products
Itrifal ustukhuddus
Majoon Najah
Sinus capsule
REFERENCES
. The review of Natural Products.
. Leung AY. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food,
Drugs and Cosmetics. J Wiley and Sons, 1980.
.Weiss RF. Herbal Medicine, Hippokrates Verlag , 1988.