this ppt explain what is otec, working procedure, types ,history , application ,advantages and disadvantages of otec system

1. OCEAN THERMAL
ENERGY
CONVERSION
PRESENTED BY:
ANTESH JAIN
EE (3rd year)
2016031011
GUIDED BY:
Dr. L.B. PRASAD

2. Content:
 INRODUCTION
 WHAT IS OTEC?
 FIRST OTEC SYSTEM
 HOW OTEC WORKS
 CLOSED CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM
 OPEN CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM
 HYBRID CYCLE OTEC SYSTEM
 SAGAR SHAKTI: INDIA’S FIRST POWER PLANT ON SEA
 APPLICATIONS OF OTEC
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION:
 World population is increasing day by day. So it is obvious
that in this 21st century the conventional resources of
energy such as oil, coal and uranium become unreliable.
 The obvious alternative energy sources such as wind, solar
and geothermal power are considerable solutions to this
problem. However in comparison to all these alternatives,
ocean thermal energy is highly abundant, very stable and
easily applicable in many industrial fields.
 Oceans cover more than 70%of earth’s surface, making
them the world’s largest solar collectors.
 OTEC is renewable energy technology that converts solar
radiation in to electric power by use of oceans.

4. What is OTEC?
 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
(OTEC) is a process that can produce
electricity by using the temperature
difference between deep cold ocean
water and warm tropical surface waters.
 OTEC plants pump large quantities of
deep cold seawater and surface sea
water to run a power cycle and produce
electricity.

5. First OTEC
system:
 Attempts to develop and refine OTEC technology started
in the 1880s.
 In 1881, Jacques Arsene d'Arsonval, a French physicist,
proposed tapping the thermal energy of the ocean.
 D'Arsonval's student, Georges Claude, built the first OTEC
plant, in Cuba in 1930.
 The system generated 22 kW of electricity with a low-
pressure turbine.
 The plant was later destroyed in a storm.

6. How OTEC Works?
 Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)
uses the temperature difference between
cooler deep and warmer surface seawaters to
run a heat engine and produce useful work,
usually in the form of electricity.
 Sunlight can be absorbed by the surface
ocean water and can only penetrate up to
100 meters water depth. The sunlight cannot
reach the deep sea water level.
 The water in the lower half of all oceans is
uniformly cold and OTEC plants take
advantage of this feature. Typically, a depth
of 600 to 1000 meters is used to generate
electricity by an OTEC plant.

7. Contd…
 The main components are evaporator, condenser, turbine,
power generator and pump. These components are
connected via pipes.
 There are three types of OTEC cycle used to generate
electricity.
a) Closed cycle OTEC system
b) Open cycle OTEC system
c) Hybrid cycle OTEC system

8. Closed cycle OTEC
system:
 Closed-cycle systems use fluid with a low boiling
point, such as ammonia.
 The liquid working fluid is sent to the evaporator with
a pump which is heated by the hot surface water of
25 to 30°C, and evaporated to vapour.
 The vapour then turns the turbine and activates the
power generator, thereby generating electricity.
 The used vapour leaving the turbine is then
condensed to liquid by the cold deep seawater of 4
to 10°C inside the condenser, and then recycled back
into the evaporator.
 The process is thus repeated in order to maintain
continuous electricity production.

9. Open cycle OTEC
system:
 In an open-cycle OTEC system, the
warm seawater is used as the working
fluid.
 The warm seawater is “flash” evaporated
in a vacuum chamber and steam is
produced. The steam expands through a
low-pressure turbine that is coupled to
a generator to produce electricity. The
steam leaving the turbine is then
condensed by cold deep seawater
through a cold water pipe.

10. Hybrid cycle OTEC
system:
 A hybrid-cycle OTEC system combines
the features of both the closed-cycle
and open-cycle systems.
 In this system, warm seawater enters a
vacuum chamber where it is evaporated
into steam, which is similar to the open-
cycle evaporation process.
 The steam vaporizes the working fluid
of a closed-cycle loop on the other side
of an ammonia vaporizer. The vaporized
fluid then drives a turbine to generate
electricity.

11. SAGAR SHAKTI: INDIA’S FIRST POWER
PLANT ON SEA-
 Sagar Shakti - the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Barge - a power plant, is the first of its
kind in the india to generate electricity utilizing the temperature gradients between surface and
deep-sea water.
 The barge is 68.5 m long, 16 m broad and 4 m deep, The barge has been jointly conceived and
developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, and Dempo Shipbuilding and
Engineering Pvt. Ltd, Goa
 The barge produces 1MW of electricity.
 The project was built by Dempo Shipbuilding and Engineering at its shipyard at Bainguinim, Goa.

12. OTEC barage SAGAR SHAKTI constructed
by NIOT:

13. Applications of OTEC:
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)
systems have many applications or uses other
than power production.
1. Desalination water:
 Desalinated water can be produced in open-
or hybrid-cycle plants.
 System analysis indicates that a 2 MW plant
could produce about 4,300 cubic metres of
desalinated water each day.
2. Hydrogen Production:
Hydrogen can be produced via electrolysis using
OTEC electricity.

14. Contd…
3. Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning:
 The cold [5°C (41ºF)] seawater made available by an OTEC
system creates an opportunity to provide large amounts of
cooling to operations that are related to or close to the
plant.
 The cold seawater delivered to an OTEC plant can be used
in chilled-water coils to provide airconditioning for
buildings.
4. Mineral Extraction
 The ocean contains 57 trace elements in salt dissolved in
solution.
 The Japanese recently began investigating the concept of
combining the extraction of uranium dissolved in sea
water with wave-energy technology.

15. Advantages:
 OTEC will replace fossil fuels to produce electricity.
 Suitably designed OTEC plants will produce little or no carbon dioxide or other polluting
chemicals.
 OTEC systems can produce fresh water as well as electricity.
 The use of OTEC as a source of electricity will help reduce the state's almost complete
dependence on imported fossil fuels.

16. Disadvantages:
 OTEC-produced electricity at present would cost more than electricity
generated from fossil fuels at their current costs.
 OTEC plants must be located where a difference of about 20º C occurs year
round.
 No energy company will put money in this project because it only had been
tested in a very small scale.

17. Conclusion:
 OTEC has tremendous potential to supply the world’s
energy.
 The fossil fuels will in the near future be consumed, so we
had to find some alternative energy sources. OTEC is a
source, which uses the renewablesolar collector, the sea,
instead of an artificial collector.
 The problem is that this investment will be more expensive
than the fossil fuels power plants.
 The another problem is the efficiency of these plant are
also very less.

18. Reference:
 A. Hossain, A. Azhim, A. B. Jaafar, M. N. Musa, S. A. Zaki and D. N. Fazreen, "Ocean
thermal energy conversion: The promise of a clean future," 2013 IEEE Conference
on Clean Energy and Technology (CEAT), Lankgkawi, 2013, pp. 23-26. doi:
10.1109/CEAT.2013.6775593
 L. Lewis and D. Evans, "Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Resource and
Environmental Issues," OCEANS '80, Seattle, WA, 1980, pp. 60-60. doi:
10.1109/OCEANS.1980.1151422
 G. Ford, C. Niblett and L. Walker, "Ocean thermal-energy conversion," in IEE
Proceedings A - Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management
and Education - Reviews, vol. 130, no. 2, pp. 93-, March 1983.
doi: 10.1049/ip-a-1:19830015