4. Ebola virus disease (EVD) formerly known Ebola Hemorrhagic
Fever (EHF) is a Zoonotic disease caused by ebola virus
named after a river in the Congo where it was first found
often fatal disease in humans & non human
primates(monkeys,gorillas & chimpanzees)
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5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
First appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreak
1.Nzara, Sudan
2.Democratic Republic Of Congo
Current outbreak in West Africa (March 2014)
most severely affected countries Guinea , Sierra
Leone & Liberia
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8. ABOUT VIRUS
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Filoviridae
Filum in Latin =thread like
Genus : Ebola virus
Species: 5 species identified
I. Zaire virus
II. Sudan virus
III.Tai forest ebola virus
IV.Bundibugyo virus
V. Reston virus
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13. 13
Affects organs
Liver (Destroy production of
coagulation proteins)
Adrenal gland
(Destroy cells that
makes steroids)
GI tract (Diarrhoea)
Circulation
failure
Disables regulation
of BP
14. Evasion from Immune System
Ebola Virus
Down regulation of type 1 IFN
Epitope masking due to
glycosylation of the viral envelope
Down regulation of co-stimulatory
molecules CD40 CD80
MHC class-2 dysregulated immune
responsesUncontrolled viral
replication
aaaa
Acquired immunity
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16. Acute stage: 1.virus isolation using vero E6 cell lines
2. RT-PCR
3. ELISA
Later stage: 1. IgM & IgG ELISA using authentic viral antigens
2. in case of death autopsy tissue can be used using
(a) antigen detection using immunostaining technique
(b) immunohistochemical technique for detection of viral RNA
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DIAGNOSIS
18. Evaluation of vaccines is taking place in many countries like Europe
,Canada, Kenya, Gabon & Mali
expected testing in west Africa will be started in January 2015
2 vaccines are in the pipeline of drug discovery process
(a) Chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 3 (ChAD3-ZEBOV)
(b) Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV_ZEBOV)
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20. CONCLUSION
The Ebola virus has become an
unwelcome reminder that, for all its
advances, modern medicine has yet to
win the war against infectious diseases.
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21. REFERENCES
Ansari, Aftab A. "Clinical features and pathobiology of Ebolavirus
infection."Journal of autoimmunity (2014).
Mahanty, Siddhartha, and Mike Bray. "Pathogenesis of filoviral
haemorrhagic fevers." The Lancet infectious diseases 4.8 (2004): 487-
498.
Ramanan, Parameshwaran, et al. "Filoviral immune evasion
mechanisms."Viruses 3.9 (2011): 1634-1649.
Bausch, Daniel G., et al. "Treatment of Marburg and Ebola
hemorrhagic fevers: a strategy for testing new drugs and vaccines
under outbreak conditions."Antiviral research 78.1 (2008): 150-161.
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