The document provides information about the government structure of India. It discusses the parliamentary democracy system and outlines the key powers and roles of the President of India, including qualifications for the role, the election process, and presidential powers. It also summarizes the structure of parliament, including the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha, and provides overviews of India's federal system and state governments.

2. Government
of Union

3. LECTURE
OUTLINE
1) Union Executive.
2) Parliament formation.
3) President powers and duties.

4. LECTURE
OUTCOMES
• Understand the Indian government structure.
• Know the essential qualifications required for president of India.
• Know the powers of president of India.

5.  Part I :Union and its Territory
 Part II :Citizenship.
 Part III :Fundamental Rights.
 Part IV :Directive Principles of State Policy.
 Part IVA :Fundamental Duties.
 Part V :The Union.
 Part VI :The States.
 Part VII :States in the B part of the First schedule (Repealed).
 Part VIII :The Union Territories
 Part IX :The Panchayats.
 Part IXA :The Municipalities.
 Part IXB :The Co-operative Societies.
 Part X :The scheduled and Tribal Areas
PARTS

6. STRUCTURE

7. PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY
In India, there is a parliamentary form of government. The majority party in the Lok Sabha forms
government. The government is run by the Prime Minister and other members of the Council of Ministers.
The Cabinet exercises the executive powers and is responsible to the concerned legislature.
In Presidential form of government, the President is the executive head. In India, the President is only the
nominal head.

8. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
India is a federation, although the word 'federation' does not find a place in the whole text, the elements of
federation are present in the Indian Constitution. There is constitutional division of powers between the
Union and the states. There is also an independent judiciary. The
Supreme Court arbitrates the disputes between the Union and the states. All these provisions make India a
federation. But in Indian Federation, the Union is strong as compared to the states. The Union has more
financial powers and the states largely depend upon it for their economic development.

9. • 28 states and 8 centrally
administered Union Territories

10. 28 States
Sr.No. States Name Capital Founded on
1 Andhra Pradesh
Hyderabad (Proposed Capital
Amaravati)
1 Nov. 1956
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar 20 Feb. 1987
3 Assam Dispur 26 Jan. 1950
4 Bihar Patna 26 Jan. 1950
5 Chhattisgarh Raipur 1 Nov. 2000
6 Goa Panaji 30 May. 1987
7 Gujarat Gandhinagar 1 May. 1960
8 Haryana Chandigarh 1 Nov. 1966
9 Himachal Pradesh Shimla 25 Jan. 1971
10 Jharkhand Ranchi 15 Nov. 2000
11 Karnataka Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) 1 Nov. 1956
12 Kerala Thiruvananthapuram 1 Nov. 1956
13 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal 1 Nov. 1956
14 Maharashtra Mumbai 1 May. 1960
15 Manipur Imphal 21 Jan. 1972
16 Meghalaya Shillong 21 Jan. 1972
17 Mizoram Aizawl 20 Feb. 1987
18 Nagaland Kohima 1 Dec. 1963
19 Odisha Bhubaneswar 26 Jan. 1950
20 Punjab Chandigarh 1 Nov. 1956
21 Rajasthan Jaipur 1 Nov. 1956
22 Sikkim Gangtok 16 May. 1975
23 Tamil Nadu Chennai 26 Jan. 1950
24 Telangana Hyderabad 2 Jun. 2014
25 Tripura Agartala 21 Jan. 1972
26 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow 26 Jan. 1950
27 Uttarakhand
Dehradun (Winter)
9 Nov. 2000
Gairsain (Summer)
28 West Bengal Kolkata 1 Nov. 1956

11. 8 Union Territories
Union Territories Names Capital Founded on
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Port Blair 1 Nov. 1956
Chandigarh Chandigarh 1 Nov. 1966
Dadra & Nagar Haveli and
Daman & Diu
Daman
1 June 1961/ 26 Jan.
2020
Delhi New Delhi 9 May. 1905
Jammu and Kashmir
Srinagar (Summer)
31 Oct. 2019
Jammu (Winter)
Lakshadweep Kavaratti 1 Nov. 1956
Puducherry Pondicherry 1 Nov. 1954
Ladakh Leh 31 Oct. 2019

12. ACTIVITY SESSION
ACTIVITY: Question
Answering session
(WHEEL DECIDE)
ACTIVITY TIME: 05 MIN
(WHEEL DECIDE)

13. FEDERAL SYSTEM
• Relatively centralized
• federal government controls the most essential government functions
• defense
• foreign policy
• taxation
• public expenditures
• economic (industrial) planning

14. • state governments formally control
• agriculture
• education
• law and order within states
• dependent on central government for funds
FEDERAL SYSTEM

15. PARALLEL STATE STRUCTURE
• Formal political structure of the states parallels that of the national government
National State
President Governor
Prime Minister Chief Minister
Parliament Assembly
Supreme Court High Court

16. THE LEGISLATURE
• Parliamentary system of government
• the executive authority is responsible to the Parliament

17. THE LEGISLATURE
• bicameral Parliament
• Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
• Lok Sabha (House of the People)

18. ACTIVITY SESSION
ACTIVITY: Question
Answering session
(WHEEL DECIDE)
ACTIVITY TIME: 05 MIN
(WHEEL DECIDE)

19. RAJYA SABHA
(COUNCIL OF STATES)
• The Upper House
• Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
• not more than 250 members
• 12 are nominated by the President of India
• the rest are indirectly elected
• by state Legislative Assemblies
• The Council of States can not be dissolved
• members have terms of 6 years
• 1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year

20. ACTIVITY SESSION
ACTIVITY: POLL
(POLLY)
ACTIVITY TIME: 05 MIN
(POLLY)

21. ACTIVITY SESSION
ACTIVITY: Question
Answering session
(WHEEL DECIDE)
ACTIVITY TIME: 05 MIN
(WHEEL DECIDE)

22. LOK SABHA
(HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE)
• Lok Sabha (House of the People)
• 545 members
• 2 are appointed by the President of India
• the rest are directly elected from single-member districts
• 5-year terms unless dissolved
• Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer
• the Speaker

23. ACTIVITY SESSION
ACTIVITY: POLL
(POLLY)
ACTIVITY TIME: 05 MIN
(POLLY)

24. ACTIVITY SESSION
ACTIVITY: Question
Answering session
(WHEEL DECIDE)
ACTIVITY TIME: 05 MIN
(WHEEL DECIDE)

25. PRESIDENT OF INDIA
QUALIFICATIONS, ELECTION AND REMOVAL

27. KEY ASPECTS
“We have not given him any real power, but we have made his position
one of great authority and dignity.” – Jawaharlal Nehru
• Nominal Executive Head: Head of the state but not of the executive; represents the nation, but does not rule the
nation
• Elected Head: It is for this reason that India is known as a republic.

28. Who can become the President?
• A citizen of India who is of 35 years of age or above may be a Presidential candidate.
• Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as Presidential candidates.
These are:
The current Vice President.
The Governor of any State.
A Minister of the Union or of any State.
QUALIFICATIONS

29. Who elects the President?
Not every citizen participates in the election. Only the following vote for Presidential candidates:
• Elected Members of Parliament
• Elected Members of Legislative Assemblies of Various States
This is called the electoral college for the office of the President

30. PRINCIPLE OF ELECTION
The manner of election of President is provided by Article 55. The following principles
are involved in the election of the President of India:
• Indirect Election
• The system of Proportional Representation by Single Transferable Vote method.
• Secret Ballot system.
• Uniformity of Representation of Different States and the Union

31. ACTIVITY SESSION
ACTIVITY: Question
Answering session
(WHEEL DECIDE)
ACTIVITY TIME: 05 MIN
(WHEEL DECIDE)

32. 1) LEGISLATIVE POWERS
2) EXECUTIVE POWERS
3) JUDICIAL POWERS
4) APPOINTMENT POWERS
5) FINANCIAL POWERS
6) DIPLOMATIC POWERS
7) MILITARY POWERS
8) PARDONING POWERS
9) EMERGENCY POWERS
PRESIDENTIAL POWER

33. Removal/ Impeachment Process of
President
A President can be removed for violation of the Constitution.
• The process may start in either of the two houses of the Parliament.
• Either of the two houses can initiate the process.
• The charges leveled against the President have to be signed by at least 1/4th of the total members of that house.
• The notice is sent up to the President and 14 days later, it is taken up for consideration.
• A resolution to impeach the President has to be passed by a two-third majority of the total members of the
originating house.

34. Removal/ Impeachment Process of
President
A President can be removed for violation of the Constitution.
• It is then sent to the other house. The other house investigates the charges that have been made. During this
process, the President has the right to defend himself/herself through an authorized counsel.
• If the second house also approves the charges made by two-third majority again, the President stands
impeached and is deemed to have vacated his/her office from the date when such a resolution stands passed.
• Other than impeachment, no other penalty can be given to the President for the violation of the Constitution.

35. ACTIVITY SESSION
ACTIVITY: POLL
(POLLY)
ACTIVITY TIME: 05 MIN
(POLLY)