OpenSouthCode '19 - Application Security Fundamentals [2019-May-25]
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Application Security not only consists in the use of software, hardware, and procedural methods to protect applications from external threats, it is more than technology, is a path not a destination, it is about risk management and implementing effective countermeasures to identify potential threats and understand that each threat presents a degree of risk. Once an afterthought in software design, security is becoming an increasingly important concern during development as applications become more frequently accessible over networks and are, as a result, vulnerable to a wide variety of threats. Security measures built into applications and a sound application security routine minimize the likelihood that unauthorized code will be able to manipulate applications to access, steal, modify, or delete sensitive data. Join up in a tour of various scenarios identifying the basic concepts about Application Security, learning about some of the most recent vulnerabilities and data breaches, as well as examples of how easy it can be to hack you.
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OpenSouthCode '19 - Application Security Fundamentals [2019-May-25]
- 1. APP SECURITY FUNDAMENTALS ÁNGEL GÓMEZ ROMERO May 25th, 2019 KEY CONCEPTS FOR CYBERSECURITY TOP THREATS WITH HACKING SCENARIOS 2019 #
- 2. 2019 # ABOUT ME 2 @a_gomez_r BoquerónSec Advanced App Engineering Associate Manager at Accenture. 15+ years developing, designing, and architecting enterprise solutions in different languages (mainly in Java). DevOps practitioner, Cloud solutions lover and Application Security applied to SDLC (Software Delivery Lifecycle) evangelist. ÁNGEL GÓMEZ ROMERO Accenture Technology Center in Spain
- 3. 2019 # CYBERSECURITY DIVISIONS MAP Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 3 Source: Sanderson Recruitment Plc
- 4. APP SECURITY NOT ONLY CONSISTS IN THE USE OF SOFTWARE, HARDWARE, AND PROCEDURAL METHODS TO PROTECT APPLICATIONS FROM EXTERNAL THREATS, IT IS MORE THAN TECHNOLOGY, IS A PATH NOT A DESTINATION Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 4 2019 #
- 5. 2019 # APP SEC FOUNDATIONS • Are we secure, or not? • Brief history of App Security • The life of a Cyberthreat • Cybersec awareness: Malware • Hacker/Cracker differences Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 5
- 6. 2019 # ARE WE SECURE, OR NOT? Security is fundamentally about protecting assets. Assets may be tangible items, such as a Web page or database — or less tangible, such as company reputation. We must analyze our infrastructure and applications, identifying potential threats and understand that each threat presents a degree of risk. This means on security we manage risks and we also implement effective countermeasures. Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 6 This is a common misconception and it depends on the threat. WHAT DO WE MEAN BY SECURITY? A threat is a potential event that can adversely affect an asset, whereas a successful attack exploits vulnerabilities in your system. THREATS, VULNERABILITIES AND ATTACKS DEFINED Threat Attack Vulnerability
- 7. 2019 # BRIEF HISTORY OF APP SECURITY Highlights and reactions dating back to the late ‘80s VIRUSES BEGINS • 1971: First computer virus "Creeper" detected on ARPANET. First antivirus program called the "Reaper" created. • 1988: First (not malicious) Internet virus, “Morris” worm, was unleashed. • 1989: AIDS Trojan horse, the first instance of a ransomware detection. ATTACKERS EVOLVED FROM INDIVIDUALS TO ORGANIZED GROUPS OF CYBER CRIMINALS • 1995: Javascript cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. • 1998: Injection (such as SQL) method of attack discovered. • 1999: “Melissa” Microsoft Word virus disseminates itself as email attachment. MOBILE APPS VULNERABILITIES OR AUTOMOTIVE CYBER THREATS EXPLOITED • 2014: Attack on Sony confidential information. • 2015: Ashley Madison personal data posted. • 2017: “WannaCry” and “Bad Rabbit” ransomware. • 2018: Google+ API bug potentially let to steal data of 52.5 million users. TACTIC/VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURES CONTINUE TO TREND UPWARD • 2000: “ILoveYou” worm, infects systems worldwide. • 2001: Microsoft victim of DOS attacks the DNS. • 2006: “Black Worm” filled documents with garbage. • 2009: Google China hit by cyber attack, intellectual property was stolen. 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Computer hackers have a long history of trying to expose and exploit vulnerabilities on networks and in software applications with profound business and personal impacts. Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 7
- 8. 2019 # THE LIFE OF A CYBERTHREAT How malware get into your system to steal your data Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 8 Online transactions contain valuable data making them a huge target for crime. Source: Incognito Forensic Foundation, 2018 Hackers use underground Internet circles known as the Dark Web to share ideas and organize, then they craft exploits and ways to infiltrate targets (some are malicious or hacked websites that steal information). There are other approaches, phishing emails tricking employees into downloading malware that permits the hackers access to secure systems CYBERATTACKS AND MALWARE CREATION COLLABORATION OF "THE GOOD GUYS" Indicators of emerging cyber threats help professionals to quickly prevent malicious attacks, patch system vulnerabilities and educate employees.
- 9. 2019 # CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS: MALWARE Differences between these programs Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 9 Although they are all bad, learn how to “Guess who?” to fight them. IMAGE, ILLUSTRATION, TEXT, GRAPH ETC. Any malware software is intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or network. It jeopardizes the affected systems after it is implanted or introduced in some way into a target's computer. Source: ESET Smart Security
- 10. 2019 # HACKER/CRACKER DIFFERENCES Avoid bothering anyone confusing the terms Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 10 Intensely interested in the recondite workings of any computer operating system and programming language (most often programmers), discovering holes and the reasons, constantly seeking further knowledge, freely share what they discover, and never intentionally damage data. One who breaks into or otherwise violates the system integrity of remote machines with malicious intent. Having gained unauthorized access, crackers destroy vital data, deny legitimate users service, or cause problems for their targets. This means on security we manage risks and we also implement effective countermeasures. Differences to help or to detect and stop them. HACKER • Ethical or White Hat vs Gray Hat hacker. • Expert vs. Script Kiddies crackers. SOME TYPES CRACKER IMAGE, ILLUSTRATION, TEXT, GRAPH ETC. Source: Peatonet Computing and Internet of Things Security
- 11. 2019 # SECURING APPLICATIONS • How it works: o Cybersecurity o Cloud/Mobile Security • Build a Secure application • Security main elements • Core Security principles Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 11
- 12. 2019 # HOW IT WORKS: CYBERSECURITY Response plan stopping a security breach Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 12 Meet John, he's the chief security officer (CSO) for a company that has an incident response platform (EIRP) in place which acts as a hub for the people, processes and technology Threat source identification The IRP software connects to the company user directory The IRP system recognizes the user account belongs to a valid company user Findings triage Helping on the IRP software, the security team reject false- positives and also identify defect criticality (John's credentials were stolen when the hackers found a vulnerability in the company's firewall) It has determined the attempted attack came from a well known cybercrime organization using stolen credentials (a malware infected file was uploaded) Irregular activity occurs on John’s account Vulnerabilities are fixed Security team uses the findings to identify the specific server vulnerability that allowed the attack The IRP software uses the information to determine which machines in the network need to be patched Collect findings The incident IP addresses are sent by the IRP to a threat intelligence software which identifies the address (maybe it is a suspected malware known server) Findings are aggregated to a playbook to be checked/reviewed by a security team Status (legal) report Security team communicates which data may have been stolen or compromised during the incident Regulatory agencies are notified, as well as the affected parties 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 A user behavior analytics engine that monitors account activity recognizes a suspicious behavior Late-night logins and an unusual amount of downloaded data is checked by the EIRP 3 4 5 6
- 13. 2019 # IMAGE, ILLUSTRATION, TEXT, GRAPH ETC. HOW IT WORKS: CLOUD SECURITY • Restricting visibility and filtering data through a private cloud that isolates the client applications for unwanted traffic access and ensuring protection. • Monitoring data and only allowing the legitimate users to gain or block access to the server. • Managing identity for access and also setting compliance rules to ensure the safety of the data bases (bound by laws and regulations). Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 13 Cloud computing is opening companies up to new types of cyber threats. Source: WordPress Tidbits and Web Design Resource
- 14. 2019 # IMAGE, ILLUSTRATION, TEXT, GRAPH ETC. HOW IT WORKS: MOBILE SECURITY • Prevent data leakage, ensuring that all important data is encrypted, enhancing security during the development process. • Multiple security protection layers, without making any changes to the mobile app itself. • Testing for vulnerabilities and risk identifying where the (sensitive) data leaves in the mobile. • Protecting data in the wild with obfuscation to prevent for changes in the code or malware repackage. Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 14 Personal information is the most important thing we carry around. Source: Shutterstock, Inc.
- 15. 2019 # SECURITY MAIN ELEMENTS Security relies on elements described below AUTHENTICATION • Who are you? Applied for users, other services, processes, computers. • Is the process uniquely identifying the clients of your applications and services? AUTHORIZATION • What can you do? Resources and operations that the authenticated client is permitted to access. • Resources as files, databases, tables, … and operations as product purchase. AUDITING • Together with logging is the key to non-repudiation. • This mechanism guarantees that a user cannot deny performing an operation or initiating a transaction. CONFIDENTIALITY • Data cannot be gathered by unauthorized users or monitoring the flow of traffic across a network. • Encryption and Access control lists (ACLs) are used to enforce privacy. IMAGE OR ILLUSTRATION 1 2 INTEGRITY • Guarantee that data is protected from accidental or deliberate (malicious) modification. • Hashing techniques and message authentication codes often used. AVAILABILITY • Systems remain available for legitimate users. • DOS (denial-of-service) attacks try to crash an application or to make sure that it is sufficiently overwhelmed. Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 15 3 4 6 5
- 16. 2019 # CORE SECURITY PRINCIPLES Recommendations regardless of technology/scenario Compartmentalize Reduce the surface area of attack. Use least privilege Minimal privileges and access rights. Apply defense in depth You do not rely on a single layer of security. Do not trust user input Assume all input is malicious until proven. Check at the gate Authenticate/authorize early — at the first gate. Fail securely do not leave sensitive data accessible. Secure the weakest link Review any weak link in the chain for breaches. Keep security simple Avoid complex architectures and use simpler approach. Create secure defaults E.g. Disable default account and enable when required. Don’t trust infrastructure/services Application needs auth2 action from surrounded systems. Reduce your attack surface If you do not use it, remove it or disable it. Establish secure defaults Deliver an “out of the box” secure experience for users. Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 16
- 17. 2019 # HACKING SCENARIOS • Social Engineering hack you • Should we fear hijacking? Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 17
- 18. 2019 # SOCIAL ENGINEERING HACK YOU Simple trick with a phone call and crying baby IMAGE, ILLUSTRATION, TEXT, GRAPH ETC. Hacking without any code, just use a phone, mail and connection to internet. The focus in Social Engineering is to extract some information or data points that can be used in a later attack. Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 18
- 19. 2019 # SHOULD WE FEAR HIJACKING? Hackers remotely (and easily) kill a Jeep on highway Type of network security attack to takes control of a communication. In hijacking the atacker masquerades as one of the entities who communicate between them. Some typical scenarios are man-in-the- middle attack, browser hijacking or web site hijack. Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 19 IMAGE, ILLUSTRATION, TEXT, GRAPH ETC.
- 20. 2019 # THANKS !! Copyright 2019 Accenture. All rights reserved. 20 https://www.zdnet.com/pictures/these-are-the-worst-hacks-cyberattacks-and-data-breaches-of-2018 WORST HACKS, CYBERATTACKS, AND DATA BREACHES OF 2018 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClAgZm2OXFpX8WoMsOpWoXA https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtVlDASwc48aPui_gGZg4dQ IBM SECURITY / IBM THINK ACADEMY https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCe2VfUzsF9E4_MpVbLxHjmA https://jktech.com/insight/blogs/how-does-cloud-based-security-work/ ESET USA / JKT (A HIGH IQ COMPANY) https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_Top_Ten_Project OWASP TOP 10 MOST CRITICAL WEB APPLICATION SECURITY RISKS
Notas do Editor
- PAM: Privileged Access Management, refers to a class of solutions that help secure, control, manage and monitor privileged access to critical assets. IAM: Identity and Access Management, refers to a framework of policies and technologies for ensuring that the proper people in an enterprise have the appropriate access to technology resources. DR: Disaster Recovery, is an area of security planning that aims to protect an organization from the effects of significant negative events. DR allows an organization to maintain or quickly resume mission-critical functions following a disaster. BCP: Business Continuity Planning, is the process involved in creating a system of prevention and recovery from potential threats to a company. The plan ensures that personnel and assets are protected, and are able to function quickly in the event of a disaster. The BCP is generally conceived in advance and involves input from key stakeholders and personnel. SIEM: Security information and Event Management, is an approach to security management that combines SIM (Security Information Management) and SEM (Security Event Management) functions into one security management system. SOC: Security Operations Center, is a centralized unit that deals with security issues on an organizational and technical level. A SOC within a building or facility is a central location from where staff supervises the site, using data processing technology. Typically, a SOC is equipped for access monitoring, and controlling of lighting, alarms, and vehicle barriers.
- In order to detect advanced threats and breach activity more effectively, security methods can’t just focus on detection and prevention but must also include the ability to mitigate the impact once an attacker gets in. Organizations need to look at their security model holistically and gain continuous protection and visibility along the entire journey – from point of entry, through propagation, and post-infection remediation.
- THREATS, VULNERABILITIES AND ATTACKS DEFINED A threat is any potential occurrence, malicious or otherwise, that could harm an asset. In other words, a threat is any bad thing that can happen to your assets. A vulnerability is a weakness that makes a threat possible. This may be because of poor design, configuration mistakes, or inappropriate and insecure coding techniques. Weak input validation is an example of an application layer vulnerability, which can result in input attacks. An attack is an action that exploits a vulnerability or enacts a threat. Examples of attacks include sending malicious input to an application or flooding a network in an attempt to deny service.
- 1995: JavaScript was released to make it easier for developers to build interactive websites, and it wasn’t long before hackers began exploiting this new technology with techniques such as cross-site scripting (XSS). Some efforts were made to combat the issue, but it wasn’t until the infamous Samy worm defaced and took down MySpace in 2005 that developers and hackers began to take notice. 1998: A security researcher named Jeff Forristal (aka Rain Forrest Puppy) discovered the injection method of attack and detailed his findings on message boards. His findings were a warning to the industry of this imminent threat to Data Security. Indeed, many attacks followed, such as the SQL injection attack on Guess.com in 2002, which compromised over 200,000 names and credit card numbers. Injection remains to this day one of the top threats to Application Security.
- COMPUTER VIRUS Hidden malicious code that copies itself on computers without consent. WORM Similar to a virus, but can quickly spread over the Internet independently (both can perform harmful acts once they've gotten into your system). TROJAN Disguises itself as a normal or desirable program to trick you to install it, then performs various malicious functions such as the leading files, granting remote access to your computer or key logging which is recording your keystrokes to obtain personal information and passwords. ROOTKIT Threat that conceals other malware, so it stays hidden from you and making it more difficult to detect and delete. RANSOMWARE Locks you out of your files and demands payment in order to restore access. SPYWARE Collects sensitive personal information from computer such as key logging your passwords or credit card numbers.
- ETHICAL/WHITE HAT HACKER They know how to find and exploit vulnerabilities and weaknesses in various systems (just like a malicious/black hat hacker) trying to find vulnerabilities and fix them before the bad guys can get there and try to break in. The role is similar to a penetration tester, but breaking into systems legally and ethically. EXPERT/SCRIPT KIDDIES CRACKERS The first discover new security holes and often write programs that exploit them, and the second type only knows how to get these programs and run them (more numerous, but much easier to stop and detect). CARDER Expert in fraud with credit cards. They generate fake numbers and access codes that successfully violate control systems to steal and clone cards. PHARMER They are engaged in phishing attacks, where the user believes they are entering a real site and actually enters their data in one created by the hacker. Later they use the credentials to steal funds from the accounts of their victims.
- In man-in-the-middle attack the perpetrator takes control of an established connection while it is in progress. The attacker intercepts messages in a public key exchange and then retransmits them, substituting their own public key for the requested one, so that the two original parties still appear to be communicating with each other directly. In browser hijacking a user is taken to a different site than requested (e.g. gaining access to DNS records on a server, or spoofing valid e-mail accounts and floods the inboxes of the technical and administrative contacts). In web site hijack the perpetrator simply registers a domain name similar enough to a legitimate one that users are likely to type it, either by mistaking the actual name or through a typo (e.g. sending users to a pornographic site).