The document discusses the second and third conditional in English grammar. The second conditional is used to talk about unlikely future events using "if + past tense" and "would + base verb". The third conditional is used to talk about imagined past events using "if + past perfect" and "would have + past participle". Examples are provided for the structure and use of both conditional types.
3. USE:
In English there are several types of
conditionals, including the second conditional .
This type of conditional is used to talk about
events that are unlikely to happen in the future
.
4. USE:
For situations in which the speaker
considers unlikely to happen in the
future.
For example:
If I became President, I would change
many things.
If I saw Madonna, I would scream.
5. USE:
For situations that are not true at the
present time.
For example:
If I had more time, I would take up a sport.
If you spoke up , I’d hear you.
Note that the contracted form of would is ' d .
6. USE:
Although with the personal pronouns I, he,
she, and it the form was is used as the past
tense of the verb TO BE , in the conditional
form, the form were is used .
You can also use could instead of would.
7. USE:
To give advice to someone using the
expression If I were you .
For example:
If I were you, I 'd say yes.
If I were you , I wouldn't invite her.
8. SECOND CONDITIONAL
I If I were invisible for one day, I could play tricks on my friends.
HE If he weren't so stubborn, he would admit he was wrong.
SHE If she were a good friend, she would help you.
IT If it were cheaper, I could buy it.
9. SECOND
CONDITIONAL
The second conditional has the following structure:
,
,
Example:
If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.
If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
If + Subject + Verb
Past Simple
IF + CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + Would+
Infinitive Verb
10. SECOND
CONDITIONAL
SENTENCE:
Examples:
She would travel all over the world if she were
rich.
She would pass the exam if she ever studied.
MAIN CLAUSE IF CLAUSE
Subject + Would+
Infinitive Verb
If + Subject + Verb
Past Simple
11. Examples:
if condition result
Past Simple would + base verb
If I married Mary, I would be happy.
If Ram became rich, she would marry him.
If it snowed next July, would you be surprised?
If it snowed next July, what would you do?
12. Examples:
result if condition
would + base verb Past Simple
I would be happy if I married Mary.
She would marry Ram if he became rich.
Would you be
surprised
if it snowed next July?
What would you do if it snowed next July?
14. Use:
The third conditional . This type of
conditional is used to think about
situations in the past that did not
happen and imagine what results
they would have had.
15. Use:
How is the third conditional used ?
To refer to past situations that
never happened and imagine what
results they would have had.
For example:
If I had had famous parents, I
would have had an amazing life.
If you had helped me, I wouldn't
have failed the exam.
16. Use:
How is the third conditional used ?
To express regret for not having
performed an action in the past.
For example:
If I 'd worked harder, I' d have got
a promotion.
If I 'd been careful, I wouldn't have
cut myself.
17. THIRD
CONDITIONAL
The third conditional has the following
structure:
,
,
Example:
If I had known your reaction, I wouldn't have
told you.
If we had studied harder, we would have
passed the test.
IF CLAUSE
If + Subject +
Past Perfect
MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would +
have + verb participle
18. THIRD
CONDITIONAL
SENTENCE:
I wouldn’t have missed the meeting if you
had told me about it.
They would have been late if they hadn't
taken a taxi.
IF CLAUSE
MAIN CLAUSE
Subject + would +
have + verb participle
If + Subject +
Past Perfect
19. Examples:
if condition result
Past Perfect would have + past
participle
If I had seen Mary, I would have told her.
If Tara had been free yesterday, I would have invited her.
If they had not passed their
exam,
their teacher would have
been sad.
If it had rained yesterday, would you have stayed at
home?
If it had rained yesterday, what would you have
done?
20. Examples:
result if condition
would have + past
participle
Past Perfect
I would have told Mary if I had seen her.
I would have invited Tara if she had been free yesterday.
Their teacher would have
been sad
if they had not passed their
exam.
Would you have stayed at
home
if it had rained yesterday?
What would you have
done
if it had rained yesterday?
