1. SCALING UP IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECTS J.Rubiano1, A. Peralta2 and N. Johnson3 1 King’s College University of London jerubiano@gmail.com 2 Michigan State University, USA. 3 International Livestock Research Institute. 2nd International Forum on Food and Water, Ethiopia 10th to 14th of November 2008

2. Outline What makes a project successful in terms of dissemination and scaling up? Key factors to keep into account Good practices, which are these? 2nd International Forum on Food and Water, Ethiopia 10th to 14th of November 2008

3. Guide Frameworks Gündel, S., J. Hancock, and S. Anderson. 2001. Scaling-up Strategies for Research in Natural Resources Management:A Comparative Review. Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute. DFID-Natural Resources Systems Progamme (DFID-NRSP). 2002. Scaling-up and communication: Guidelines for enhancing the developmental impact of natural resources systems research, 8 pp. http://www.livelihoods.org/post/Docs/NRSP_scaling.pdf

4. A definition of Scaling up To efficiently increase the socioeconomic impact from a small to a large scale of coverage” (Hancock et al. 2003

5. Contextual issues for successful scaling up at the pre project and implementation phases Representativity (with parallel sites on biophysical, social, institutional and/or economic characteristics) Scale (thresholds/boundaries detected within a continuum that corresponds to specific levels of organization within a hierarchical system, Marceau, 1999) Project Outputs (Generic or site specific?) Uncertainty (Realization of expectations) Budget (Resources allocated in the project)

6. Good Practices for Scaling up (1)

7. Good Practices for Scaling up (2)

8. Projects’ Sample Five of the projects were mainly Theme 2 Two are mainly Theme 1 One mainly Theme 4. Located in all the CPWF benchmark basins with the exception of the Yellow River Three projects work in more than one basin

9. 2nd International Forum on Food and Water, Ethiopia 10th to 14th of November 2008 Table 1. List of Challenge Program on Water and Food research projects participating in this study.

11. Rather than biophysical, institutional scale dependency seems to be the most critical for the studied water projects

12. Institutional scale dependency was found rarely used as the criteria for site selection.

13. Indicators, planning of monitoring and evaluation methods seems to be the more objective way to trace implementation and success of scaling up activities.

14. Budget figures for scaling up activities averaged 17% of total budgets (capacity building, institutional reform, networking strengthening, multi-media dissemination)