1. TECHNICAL
SEMINAR
“ORGANICLIGHT EMITTING DIODE"
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted by
ANANTHAKRISHNA G
USN-1CK10EC002
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mrs. KAVYA S
Asst. Professor
DEPT. OF ECE, CBIT KOLAR
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2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS OLED?
• HISTORY
• FEATURES
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• MANUFACTURING OF OLED
• TYPES OF OLED
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• APPLICATIONS
• CONCLUTION
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3. INTRODUCTION
Organic light emitting diode(OLED).
Emerging Technology for displays in devices.
Main principle behind OLED technology is
electroluminescence.
Offers brighter, thinner, high contrast, flexible
displays.
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WHAT IS AN OLED?
OLEDs are solid state devices composed of thin
films of organic molecules that is 100 to 500
nanometres thick.
They emits light with the application of electricity.
They doesn’t require any backlight. i.e., they are self
emitting.
They are made from carbon and hydrogen.
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HISTORY
The first OLED device was developed by Eastman
Kodak in 1987.
In 1996, pioneer produces the world’s first
commercial PMOLED.
In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc
developed various displays.
In 2001, Sony developed world’s largest fullcolor
OLED
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HISTORY (CONTD.)
In 2002, approximately 3.5 million passive matrix
OLED sub-displays were sold, and over 10 million
were sold in 2003.
In 2010 and 2011, many companies announced
AMOLED displays.
Many developments had take place in the year 2012.
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FEATURES
Flexibility.
Emissive Technology.
Light weight and thin.
Low power consumption.
High contrast, brighter and perfect display from all
angles.
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STRUCTURE OF OLED(FIGURE)
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How OLED Works
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WORKING PRINCIPLE
A voltage is applied across the anode and cathode.
Current flows from cathode to anode through the
organic layers.
Electrons flow to emissive layer from the cathode.
Electrons are removed from conductive layer
leaving holes.
Holes jump into emissive layer .
Electron and hole combine and light emitted.
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11. MANUFACTURING OF OLED
• Vacuum deposition or Vacuum Thermal evaporation
(VTE)
• Organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD)
• Inkjet Printing
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Types of OLEDs
• Passive-matrix OLED
• Active-matrix OLED
• Transparent OLED
• Top-emitting OLED
• Foldable OLED
• White OLED
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1. Passive-Matrix OLED (PMOLED)
• Perpendicular cathode/anode
strip orientation
• Light emitted at intersection
(pixels)
• External circuitry
– Turns on/off pixels
• Large power consumption
– Used on 1-3 inch screens
– Alphanumeric displays
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• Full layers of cathode, anode,
organic molecules
• Thin Film Transistor matrix
(TFT) on top of anode
– Internal circuitry to
determine which pixels to
turn on/off
• Less power consumed then
PMOLED
– Used for larger displays
2. Active-Matrix OLED (AMOLED)
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3. Transparent OLED(TOLED)
• Transparent substrate,
cathode and anode
• Bi-direction light emission
• Passive or Active Matrix
OLED
• Useful for heads-up display
– Transparent projector
screen
– Glasses
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4. Top-emitting OLED(TEOLED)
• Non-transparent or
reflective substrate
• Transparent Cathode
• Used with Active Matrix
Device
• Smart card displays
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5. Foldable OLED
• Flexible metallic foil
or plastic substrate
• Lightweight and
durable
• Reduce display
breaking
• Clothing OLED
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6. White OLED
• Emits bright white light
• Replace fluorescent
lights
• Reduce energy cost for
lighting
• True Color Qualities
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19. Advantages of OLED
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1. Very thin panel of approximately 1mm
2. Low power consumption
3. High brightness
4. High contrast ratio of 10,000 : 1
5. Wide viewing angle of 170
6. Foldable display panel
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20. Advantages of OLED display over TFT-LCD
display
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1. Contrast Ratio
Higher contrast ratio than TFT-LCD display
Better impression for higher brightness
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2.Viewing Angle
Higher viewing angle up to 170 for constant
contrast ratio
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3. Response Time
Fast time response in order of <50 us
Comparison by graphical point of view
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4. Backlight Function
No backlight required in OLED display
During black background OLED is turned OFF
In LCD backlight is still required
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5. Power Efficiency
OLED display is more power efficient
than TFT-LCD display
For the same power OLED display is
more brighter
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OLED Disadvantages
• Lifetime
• White, Red, Green 46,000-230,000 hours
• About 5-25 years
• Blue 14,000 hours
• About 1.6 years
• Expensive
• Susceptible to water
• Overcome multi-billion dollar LCD market
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APPLICATIONS
Major applications of OLED technology are
OLED TV.
Mobile phones with OLED screens.
Smart watch with OLED screens.
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OLED TV
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MOBILE PHONES WITH OLED SCREEN
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29. SMART WATCH WITH OLED DISPLAY
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CONCLUSION
• Limited use caused by degradation of materials.
• OLED will replace current LED and LCD
technologies
• Expensive
• Flexibility and thinness will enable many applications
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