4. Climate change
Likelihood (in percent) that the summer average temperature in 2090 will exceed the
highest summer temperature ever observed (1900-2006).
Source: Battisti, D.S., and R.L. Naylor. 2009. Historical warnings of future food insecurity with unprecedented seasonal heat. Science, 323, 240-
244.
5. Threats to diversity
Source: Valls J F M (2010) What specific changes in the current way genebanks and breeders to business and interact will be necessary to increase use
of Crop Wild Relatives? Presentation for ‘Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: The Need for Crop Wild Relatives’, Bellagio, 7-9 September 2010.
Photo adapted from Tollefson J (2010) Nature 466: 554-556.
6. Impact of climate change on CWR
Arachis (peanut, groundnut) - wild species distributions
2055
Current
Source: Jarvis, A., Ferguson, M., Williams, D., Guarino, L., Jones, P.,
Stalker, H., Valls, J., Pittman, R., Simpson, C. & Bramel, P. 2003.
Biogeography of Wild Arachis: Assessing Conservation Status and
Setting Future Priorities. Crop Science 43, 1100-1108.
7. State of ex situ conservation
• over 1700 facilities
• holding 7.4m accessions
• some are ‘state of the art’
8. State of ex situ conservation
• some are in a poor state
11. Global System
Rescue and Ensure conservation
safeguard important and availability
crop diversity
in perpetuity
12. Global System Project
Regeneration Duplication Conservation Research
Information systems Evaluation
13. Regeneration projects
Accessions in National Institutes
• 22 crops
• 95,000 accessions
• 246 collections
• 86 institutes
• 77 countries
• 9 networks
Source: Direct communication between Trust and national partners
14. Results of the regeneration
• 74,410 regenerated
• 3,675 put in vitro
• 12,255 not viable
15. Safety duplication
• 37,218 accessions
• 41 countries
• 12 not Treaty Party
• in process 10,000
accessions
16.
17. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault
• holds 747,141 samples
• 558,000 Trust funded
• 25,000 samples this month
19. Transferring samples
• 6 shipments / 1105
accessions
destroyed or
returned
• many still in
quarantine
20. Evaluation projects
• 43 projects
• 59 collections
• 20 crops
• 143 traits
• 58 NARS
• 8 CGIAR
• 43 countries
Photos International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice). 2009.
21. Some results
Crop Country Results
Sweet CIP & 20 varieties performed very well (32 tons per hectare) in
potato Argentina sandy, saline soils. Developed a method for screening in vitro
cultures for salinity tolerance.
Maize Brazil 5 genotypes with tolerance to drought. Populations with
resistance to Phaeosphaeria leaf spot and rust.
Banana India 4 genotypes with drought tolerance
Wheat, Pakistan 127 wheat accessions resistant to yellow rust and potentially
chickpea 25 tolerant to drought. 5 chickpea accessions highly resistant
to Aschochyta blight.
Sweet PNG 32 accessions resistant to scab disease (Elsinoe batatas)
potato and 7 with cold tolerance
22.
23.
24. Genesys
National National
International Eurisco USDA
collections
27. Pest & disease resistance from CWR
Musa acuminata- black sigatoga resistance
Manihot glaziovii-
cassava mosaic
Aegilops disease (CMD)
tauschii- hessian resistance
fly resistance
Source: Okogbenin E (2010) The Use and Challenges of CWR in Breeding. Presentation for
‘Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: The Need for Crop Wild Relatives’, Bellagio, 7-9
September 2010.
28. CWR project: the crops
Species Common name
Avena sativa Oat
Cajanus cajan Pigeonpea
Cicer arietinum Chickpea
Daucus carota Carrot
Eleusine coracana Finger millet
Helianthus annuus Sunflower
Hordeum vulgare Barley
Ipomoea batatas Sweet potato
Lathyrus sativus Grass pea/Common chickling
Lens culinaris Lentil Species Common name
Malus domestica Apple Oryza glaberrima African rice
Medicago sativa Alfalfa/Lucerne Oryza sativa Rice
Musa acuminata Cavendish banana Pennisetum glaucum Pearl millet
Musa balbisiana Guangdong plantain Phaseolus lunatus Butter bean/Lima bean
Phaseolus vulgaris Garden bean
Pisum sativum Garden pea
Secale cereale Rye
Solanum melongena Eggplant/Aubergine
Solanum tuberosum Potato
Sorghum bicolor Sorghum
Triticum aestivum Bread wheat
Vicia faba Faba bean
Vicia sativa Common vetch
Vigna subterranea Bambara groundnut
Vigna unguiculata Cowpea
29. Activities
Research Collecting Prebreeding and Evaluation
Information
Conservation
31. Research: gap analysis
Gather Gather
taxonomic data occurrence Georeferencing
data
Make collecting Determine gaps Model
recommendations in collections distributions
Source: concept and images from Jarvis et al. 2009. Value of a Coordinate: geographic analysis of agricultural biodiversity. Presentation for Biodiversity
Information Standards (TDWG), November 2009.
32. Gap analysis: progress so far
• CWR inventory of 92
genera
• http://www.cwrdiversit
y.org/checklist/
• global dataset of CWR
geographic distributions
• 4 million records from
76 sources, including
20 herbaria
• generation of maps under
way
35. Collecting CWR: the road ahead
• collecting targets
identified
• gap analysis results
due end November
• discussions on
collecting initiated with
Myanmar, Mozambique,
Israel, Azerbaijan
• collecting starts
36. Using CWR
Figure out what
Pick the most
diversity is
diversity
present
Figure out if its Cross, cross,
good cross
Make it available
37. Using CWR: strategies
and case studies
• expert
consultations
• ‘CWR Genomics: a
key to unlocking
diversity’ in Dec.
2012
• case studies on
sunflower and rice
Group of experts on the use of potato CWR
CIP, Lima February 2012
Notas do Editor
Picture reference: Pennisetum procerum from NARO, Uganda collecting project
Development of use strategies: Expert consultations completed to date: potato, beans, sunflower, cereals, eggplant, sweetpotato, alfalfa, lentil, banana, apple and cowpea. Strategies for all genepools developed by end 2013. Meeting on ‘CWR Genomics: A key to unlocking diversity’ planned for December 2013: In collaboration with high-level team of scientific advisors co-funding from the US National Science Foundation as well as several Canadian Genome programmes.
