Chapter 5

3. • State laws & Rules
• Bacteria classifications
• Disinfection types
• Sanitization, Disinfection & Cleaning
• Universal Precautions

4. To CLEAN is a mechanical
process like scrubbing, using
soap & water or detergent &
water to remove VISIBLE
dirt, debris & many disease
causing germs

5. SANITIZING is a chemical process that reduces the number
of disease causing germs on CLEANED surfaces to a safe
level; FIRST STEP IN DISINFECTION (scrubbing item to
remove debris so pathogens can not grow and disinfection
can begin)

6. DISINFECTION is a chemical process that
uses specific products to destroy harmful
organisms on environment surfaces

7. STATE and FEDERAL agencies regulate the practice of
cosmetology.
FEDERAL- set guidelines for manufacturing the sale &
use of equipment & chemical ingredients in the work
place
STATE- regulates licensing, enforcement & your conduct
in the salon

8. FEDERAL AGENCIES
• U.S. Department of Labor regulates & enforces safety &
health standards in the workplace
• OSHA ACT of 1970 established the HAZARD
COMMUNICATION STANDARD ( HCS ) which requires
chemical manufacturers/importers to list potential hazards of
their products

9. • SDS- Safety Data Sheet
replaced MSDS -Material
Safety Data Sheets
• Federal & State require
that manufacturers supply
SDS for ALL chemical
products made & sold

10. SDS
Safety Data Sheet
Includes:
• IDENTIFICATION
• HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION
• COMPOSITION/INFO
ON INGREDIENTS
• FIRST AID
MEASURES
• FIRE FIGHTING
MEASURES
• ACCIDENTAL RELEASE
MEASURES
• HANDLING & STORAGE
• EXPOSURE/PROTECTION

11. SDS
Safety Data Sheet
Includes:
• PHYSICAL &
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
• STABILITY &
REACTIVITY
• TOXICOLOGY
• ECOLOGICAL
• DISPOSAL
• TRANSPORT
• REGULATORY
• REVISION DATE

12. EPA-Environmental Protection Agency
Registers all types of disinfectants sold &
used in the U.S.

13. DISINFECTANTS are chemical products that destroy most
bacteria, fungi & viruses on surfaces;
They fall into 2 categories:
HOSPITAL DISINFECTANTS
TUBERCULOCIDAL

14. HOSPITAL DISINFECTANTS- effective enough for a
hospital & are effective for cleaning blood & body fluids
Used on NONPOROUS surfaces; control the spread of DISEASE,
which is an abnormal condition of all or part of the body or its
systems/organs ( body can not function normally )

15. TUBERCULOCIDAL DISINFECTANTS-
proven to kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis;
can be harmful to salon tools/equipment & may need
special disposal

16. • Exist to protect the consumers health, safety & welfare
• Require facilities to follow specific procedures
• Enforce rules by inspections & investigations
STATE REGULATORY AGENCIES

17. • LAWS- written by state & federal legislature to
determine the scope of practice of a license
holder; sets guidelines for agencies to follow
• RULES- set by the regulatory agencies or state
board & affirm how the law must be used
STATE REGULATORY AGENCIES

18. • How is Cleaning defined?
• What is the difference between Sanitizing and
Disinfection?
• What are the 2 types of Regulatory agencies?
• What does OSHA stand for?
• What does SDS stand for?
• What are some things listed on an SDS?
• What does EPA stand for?
• What are the 2 types of disinfectants used in the salon?
• What are the 2 procedures that State Regulatory
agencies follow?

19. INFECTION- is the invasion of body tissues
by disease causing pathogens
Preventing the spread of infections is a great
responsibility & is easy with the proper
procedures
PREVENTION BEGINS & ENDS WITH
YOU

20. Is the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of
infectious organisms
4 types of harmful organisms:
BACTERIA
VIRUSES
FUNGI
PARASITES

21. INFECTIOUS is capable of being transmitted by infection
INFECTIOUS DISEASE is caused by pathogenic
( harmful )organisms; Spread from person to person
Salon tools must be properly cleaned & disinfected for the safety
of your guest, your team & yourself

22. To CLEAN is a mechanical
process like scrubbing, using
soap & water or detergent &
water to remove VISIBLE
dirt, debris & many disease
causing germs from tools,
implements & equipment

23. DISINFECTION is a chemical process that
uses specific products to destroy harmful
organisms on environment surfaces

24. DISINFECTANTS USED IN SALON
Bactericidal-
Destroys bacteria
Virucidal- Destroys viruses
Fungicidal- Destroys fungi

25. BACTERIA-
one-celled microorganisms that have both plant
& animal characteristics
MICROORGANISM-
is any organism of
microscopic/submicroscopic size; can only be
seen with a microscope
GERM- non scientific name for small organisms

26. Bacteria can exist on :
• skin
• water
• air
• decayed matter
• environmental
surfaces
• body secretions
• clothing
• under free edge of
nails

27. Thousands of kinds of bacteria; fall into 2 primary types
PATHOGENIC
NONPATHOGENIC

28. NONPATHOGENIC
Helpful/harmless
Help perform useful functions like decomposing refuse
( SAPROPHYTES live on dead matter, do not cause disease )&
improving soil fertility
Help metabolize food
( gut bacteria, yogurt,probiotics )protect against
infection & stimulate immune response
70% of all bacteria is nonpathogenic

29. PATHOGENIC
Harmful &
Disease producing
A PATHOGENIC DISEASE is a disease
produced by organisms, including bacteria,
viruses, fungi and parasites
Bacteria release toxins, and viruses damage our cells. White blood cells
can ingest and destroy pathogens, by producing antibodies and antitoxins
to neutralize toxins.

30. CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
COCCI- Round;
can appear single or in a group; leading
pathogen in humans; produce 1/3 of ALL
infections

31. STAPHYLOCOCCI-
Pus forming; grows in clusters like
grapes; can cause abscess, boils,
MRSA, STAPH
CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

32. CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
STREPTOCOCCI-
Pus forming; arranged in curved lines
like a string of beads; causes strep and
blood poisoning
DIPLOCOCCI-
Grows in pairs; causes
pneumonia

33. CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
BACILLI-
short, rod shape; most common; causes
tetanus ( lockjaw), typhoid fever,
tuberculosis & diptheria
Diptheria- URT infection;
effects heart & peripheral
tissue
Tetanus( lockjaw)

34. CLASSIFICATIONS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
SPIRILLA- spiral or corkscrew
shape
SUBDIVIDED INTO GROUPS:
TREPONEMA PAPILLIDA-
syphilis ( STDS)
BORRELIA BURGDORFERI
( Lyme disease )

35. MOVEMENT OF BACTERIA
MOTILITY- Describes self movement
COCCI- Rarely move; transmitted
through
air, dust
FLAGELLA-
slender hair like; snake
motion
CILIA- many flagella, similar
construction, moves in a rowing
motion

36. • What is the invasion of body tissues by disease causing pathogens?
• What are the 4 types of harmful organisms?
• Can infectious diseases be spread from contact?
• What is bacteria?
• What are 2 types of bacteria?
• Which is round shaped?
• Which is pus forming?
• Which is arranged in a curved line like a string of beads?
• Which causes pneumonia?
• Which ones are rod shaped? What do they cause?
• What is used to describe the self movement of bacteria?
• Which bacteria is transmitted through air?
• What is the difference between Flagella and Cilia?

37. BACTERIAL GROWTH & REPRODUCTION
PROTOPLASM-
70-90% water; mineral salts &
organic compounds
LIFE CYCLE
HAS 2 PHASES:
ACTIVE
INACTIVE

38. ACTIVE STAGE
• Thrives in warm, moist, dark, dirty environments; reproduce & grow
quickly
• 20 -60 minutes to reach FULL growth
• Divides into new cells through BINARY FISION to become
DAUGHTER CELL
ACTIVE STAGE
16 million cells can
produce in less than 12
hours

39. INACTIVE or SPORE
FORMING STAGE
Forms a spore to protect
itself from incompatible
environments
BACTERIAL SPORE-
hard keratin coating
• No growth
• Not affected by disinfection, cold or
heat but can still spread like
ANTHRAX & eventually become
active again
1 DNA strand Multiple DNA Strands

40. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
LOCAL -
pimple/
abscess; confined
to one area
SYSTEMIC/
GENERAL
Distributed through the body or a
system/ organ; yeast infection;
Door knobs, handshaking, implements
INFLAMMATION-
redness, heat, pain, swelling
PUS-
white blood cells,
dead cells & bacteria

41. BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
MRSA-
Methicillin-resistant
staphylococcus aureus-
Staph infection, can be SYSTEMIC
CONTAGIOUS DISEASE-
Communicable; coughing,
sneezing, unclean
hands/tools;
EX: common cold, ringworm

42. VIRUSES
Parasitic submicroscopic particle that
infect cells of biological organisms;
takes over host cell's reproductive
function;
Infects plants, animals & bacteria
CAUSES- Colds, measles, mumps,
pox, rabies, influenza, HIV

43. VIRUSES- Reproduction
A virus can only live & reproduce by taking
over other cells; Bacteria can live and
reproduce BY THEMSELVES

44. VIRUSES AND ANTIBIOTICS
• Viruses are not affected by
antibiotics; It is hard to kill viruses
without harming your body's own
cells
• Antibiotics block pathways inhibiting cell wall formation
which stops the bacteria from reproducing
• Viruses are not alive and use a host to replicate ,which is
not targeted by an antibiotic

45. VACCINATIONS-
Prevent viruses from growing in
the body
• Flu
• Hepatitis
• Measles
• Mumps
• Shingles
• HPV
• Diptheria

46. BIOFILM
Colony of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces &
the human body;
Secrete a sticky protective coating; hard to penetrate even with
disinfection & antimicrobials
EX: dental plaque; Cystic Fibrosis ( lungs, sweat, mucus, GI );
pond scum/algae
Keeps the body in a chronic inflammatory state
that is painful and inhibits healing

47. BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS are disease causing
microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body
fluids;
It is possible to spread through haircutting, chemical burns,
shaving, clipping, facials, waxing, tweezing etc.

48. BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS

49. BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS

50. BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS

51. • What are the 2 stages of the Life Cycle for bacteria?
• What is inflammation?
• What makes up pus?
• What is the difference between Local and Systemic?
• What does MRSA stand for?
• Another word for contagious?
• Common diseases cosmetologist come across?
• What is the biggest difference between viruses and bacteria?
• Give an example of Biofilm?
• Give an example of blood borne pathogens
• Is there a difference between AIDS and HIV?

52. FUNGI- Single cell organisms that grow in irregular masses;
Includes MOLDS, MILDEWS & YEAST

53. FUNGI
MILDEW- Fungus; grows on plants/inanimate objects; does not
cause harm
FOLLICULITIS BARBAE- inflammation of the hair follicles; barbers itch

54. FUNGI TINEA BARBAE- superficial fungal infection;
Affects bearded
area, neck or hairline
TINEA CAPITIS- fungal infection of the scalp;
red papules or spots at the opening
of hair follicle

55. FUNGI
TINEA PEDIS- Ringworm of the foot; Athletes Foot

56. PARASITES
• Organisms that grow, feed
and shelter on or in other
living organisms
• INTERNAL- fish/meat not
cooked properly
• EXTERNAL- ticks, fleas,
lice

57. PARASITES
PEDICULOSIS CAPITIS- Head
lice
Not be treated in a school or salon

58. PARASITES
SCABIES- caused by the itch mite

59. IMMUNITY- The ability of the body to destroy,
resist & recognize infection;
Categorized as NATURAL & ACQUIRED

60. NATURAL IMMUNITY- inherited &
developed through healthy living

61. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY- body develops after
overcoming a disease through vaccinations or through
natural allergens

62. • What are examples of Fungi?
• What is the inflammation of a hair follicle caused by
Staphylococcus aureus?
• Another name for ringworm?
• How to parasites thrive?
• Technical term for lice?
• What is scabies?
• What are the 2 types of immunity?

63. PREVENT THE SPREAD OF DISEASE
INFECTION CONTROL- can prevent the spread of disease
& prevent exposure to blood & debris like dust, hair & skin
Requires 2 steps: CLEANING & DISINFECTING with an
EPA registered disinfectant to effectively eliminate
pathogens

64. STERILIZATION - destroys all
microbial life; typically requires an
autoclave; must be cleaned prior
DECONTAMINATION-
removal of all blood and other
potential infectious materials, as
well as the Ronald of debris,
dust,
hair & skin

65. CONTAMINATION-presence of blood or
infectious materials on surfaces

66. CLEANING- is the removal of visible dirt &
debris from tools, implements & equipment
by washing with soap & warm water
A surface must be properly cleaned before it can properly
disinfected:
1. Wash with soap & warm water, then clean with disinfected nail
brush
2. Using a ultrasonic unit
3. Using a cleaning solvent ( ex: on metal bits for electric files)

67. DISINFECTION- eliminates most but
not all microorganisms on non porous
surfaces; not effective against
bacterial spores
• Disinfection is effective on shears, nippers & multi-use tools
• Not for use on skin, hair or nails
• Not used as hand cleaner, can cause irritation & allergies

68. • CONTACT TIME- amount of
visibly moist time required to be
effective against pathogens
• EFFICACY- ability to produce an
effect; effectiveness of a
disinfecting solution kills
organisms

69. PROPER USE
OF DISINFECTANTS
Implements must be thoroughly cleaned of all visible
matter before placing in solution
COMPLETE IMMERSION means there is enough liquid
to cover all surfaces for 10 minutes or recommended time

70. DISINFECTANT TIPS
1. Use only on pre cleaned, hard, nonporous surfaces
2. Always wear gloves & safety glasses
3. Always dilute according to instructions
4. Must be submerged for 10 min
5. On large surfaces: disinfectant must remain on pre cleaned surfaces;
remains wet for 10 min
6. Label or state rules may require Complete Immersion
7. Change according to instructions
8. Whirlpool, pipeless or air jet pedicure spa requires 10 min
circulation with solution

71. • What does infection control do?
• What is sterilization?
• What is the difference between contamination and
decomination?
• What are the 3 ways to properly clean?
• Can disinfection kill bacterial spores?
• What does Contact time mean?
• What does Efficacy mean?
• What are some tips when disinfecting?

72. QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
"QUATS"
• Effective in a salon setting
• Advanced formulations are called multiple
quats
• Contain anti-rust ingredients
• Disinfect in 10 minutes
• Long term exposure may damage fine steel

73. PHENOLICS DISINFECTANTS
Tuberculocidal
• Form of formaldehyde
• Harmful to environment, damage rubber, plastic
& cause metals to rust
• Do not pour down the drain
• Avoid skin contact
• Have pH; cause skin irritations; burn skin &
eyes
• Carcinogens; not used on pedicure tubs or
equipment

74. BLEACH
Sodium Hypochlorite
• Effective disinfectant
• Used in salons for large areas
• Too much can damage metals & plastics
• Corrosive to metals
• Skin irritation & eye damage
• Should not be used on shears, combs &
brushes

75. DISINFECTANT SAFETY
Disinfectants are pesticides & can cause
serious skin & eye damage
ALWAYS:
• Keep SDS on hand
• Wear gloves & safety glasses
• Avoid skin & eye contact
• Add disinfectant to water then dilute to prevent foaming
• Use tongs, gloves or draining basket
• Keep out of reach of children
• Measure and use according to label
• Follow mixing, using & disposing instructions
• Replace according to label or daily

76. DISINFECTANT SAFETY
Disinfectants are pesticides & can cause
serious skin & eye damage
NEVER:
• Let QUATS, Phenols or bleach come in
contact with skin
• If contact occurs, immediately wash area
with liquid soap & warm water, rinse &
pat dry
• Place in an unmarked container

77. DISINFECT OR DISPOSE?
MULTI-USE- Can be cleaned,
disinfected; nippers, shears, combs,
pushers
SINGLE-USE- Disposable; porous;
pumice stones, files, buffers

78. Days of
the week
Employee Usage Cleaning Disinfecting Testing Maintenance
How it
was used
What did
you clean
What did
you
disinfect
If everything
running
properly
Any
equipment
upkeep
DISINFECTANT LOG BOOK

79. DISINFECTING ELECTRICAL
TOOLS & EQUIPMENT
• Hair clippers, electrotherapy tools & nail
drills have contact points that CAN NOT
BE IMMERSED
• These items need to be cleaned &
disinfected with a EPS registered
disinfectant
• Follow labels & instructions

80. CLEANING TOWELS, LINENS
& CAPES
• Clean towels, linens & capes for each
guest
• Must not be used twice
• Follow labels instructions
• Items that are not dry completely may
grow mildew or bacteria
• Store clean items in CLOSED
container
• Use disposable towels in
restrooms/kitchen/break area
• Use neck strips

81. DISINFECTING FOOT SPAS AND
PEDICURE EQUIPMENT
• All equipment that contains water must be cleaned
and disinfected after EVERY service
• Should be entered in a logbook
• Single use tub liners may be used in some states

82. TYPES OF FOOT SPAS
WHIRLPOOL-
massaging effect by re-
circulating water through pipes
& jets
AIR JET BASIN-
uses blower to force air through small
holes; bubbling massage; does not
circulate

83. Piped spas need to be properly
cleaned so disease microorganisms
that can grow inside pipes will not
spread
A small fungus can quickly grow in
to sepsis

84. TYPES OF FOOT SPAS
PIPELESS foot
spa
NON WHIRLPOOL
foot basin

85. SOAPS & DETERGENTS
1. 2.
CHELATING SOAPS- break down stubborn films,
removes residue from salts, masks, product build up

86. ADDITIVES, POWDERS, TABLETS
Can not be used to replace
EPA registered
disinfectant
DISPENSARY
• Kept clean and orderly
• Containers clearly marked
• Store products according to
manufacturer
• SDS for all products in a central
location

87. HANDWASHING

88. WATERLESS HAND SANITIZER
ANTISEPTICS- chemical germicides formulated for use on
skin; regulated by the FDA
• Can be drying
• Best if used AFTER
handwashing
• Excessive use can kill
good bacteria

89. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS PROTECT
YOU AND YOUR GUESTS
Published by CDC requires that employer & employee must
assume all blood & body fluid is infectious since
Blood borne pathogens are asymptomatic

90. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ( PPE )
Gloves:
Standard Precautions include
gloves, masks & eyewear to be
worn when contact with blood or
body fluids is a possibility
Single use; Need a new set for each
guest and sometimes must be
changed during service

91. PROPER REMOVAL OF GLOVES

92. EXPOSURE INCIDENT- is contact with non intact skin,
blood, body fluid or infectious material
TURN TO HANDLING AN EXPOSURE INCIDENT IN YOUR
MILADY BOOK AND WRITE DOWN THE STEPS OUTLINED

93. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
• Keep floors & stations dust free
• Control dust, hair & debris
• Keep trash in a covered receptacle
• Clean fans, ventilation & humidifiers
• Keep areas well lit
• Clean & disinfect restroom & door handles
• Provide toilet paper/towels, liquid soap, soft nail brushes
• Keep food fridge separate from salon products
• No eating, drinking, smoking where services are
• Empty trash daily
• Containers properly marked
• No tools in your mouth or pocket
• Properly clean/disinfect all multiuse tools

94. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
• Store cleaned tools in covered container
• Keep disinfected implements separate
• Avoid touching face, mouth or eyes during service
• Clean work surface after EVERY guest
• Wash hands
• Use clean linens
• Keep soiled linens separate
• Use neck strips
• Have nail guests wash hands prior to a service
• Use proper exhaust system

95. What is the primary purpose of a regulatory
agency?
What is an SDS?
What does OSHA stand for?
What are the 4 types of microorganisms?
What are the 2 primary types of bacteria?

96. Can a porous item be disinfected?
How do you clean pedicure foot spa?
What is the division of a bacterial cell into 2 new cells?
What is caused by the itch mite?
Are disinfectants inactivated in the presence of oils, lotions,
creams and dust?