A Vision for Ecologically Beneficial Apparel Manufacturing in California
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A Vision for Ecologically Beneficial Apparel Manufacturing in California
- 1. A Vision for Ecologically Beneficial Apparel Manufacturing Source: Wool Mill Feasibility Study – www.fibershed.com
- 2. Synthetic garment fibers are the greatest source of plastic pollution on the world’s beaches (NY Times, 2011)
- 3. 20% of global water pollution is from textile dyeing and treatment (World Bank, 2013
- 4. Child labor and forced labor still are problems in the textile supply chain
- 5. Consumers want local and domestic 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Willingness to pay 25% or more price markup for local Support ag and local economy Perceived Env. Benefits Reduce fossil Safety and from farms fuel use Quality Source: Iowa State University, Allan Ortiz 2010 In a NY Times Survey, 68% of respondents preferred products made in the U.S. and were willing to pay more!
- 6. are employing far fewer workers. (Clifford, 2013).” This advantage is particularly true in the production of wool knits. The cost of raw material is the same, the labor is minimal and the cost of transportation is less, making a more cost efficient product. Bayard W inthrop, the founder of the sweatshirt and clothing company American Giant said: “ Now it is cheaper to shop in the United States,” (Clifford, 2013). Re-shoring is already happening How much it costs to make a hoodie. Representative wholesale costs, according to Bayard Winthrop, the founder of American Giant. Source: New York Times, September make a Figure 19: How much it costs to 19, 2013. hoodie. Representative wholesale costs, according to Bayard W inthrop, the founder of American Giant. Source: New York Times, September 19, 2013. “LA’s Single brand can turn around 800 silk print dresses for Neiman Marcus and Lord & Taylor in as little as two weeks, now that 90% of its production is done at home with only a $1/dress price difference, with quality control and timing much better (Los Angeles Times, 2011).”
- 7. Macro Market Consumers LOHAS Brands Total Addressable market = $14.7 billion $331 billion US Apparel Market $290 billion LOHAS market $36 billion in CA textile/apparel market $14.7 billion CA brands textile market
- 8. Culture of Sheepherding at Risk
- 9. It’s time for a new model . . . Sheep to Chic 100% Local
- 10. CA Wool Inventory Quantity Total inventory = 1.4 million lbs. of wool, 44.8% of total CA supply
- 11. CA Wool Inventory Quality 79% is fine enough to wear next to skin!
- 12. Flock Size and Wool Quality
- 13. CA Wool Inventory Color and Usability Breeding needs to be optimized for fineness and color diversity!
- 14. Recommended Products 4.5 oz. knit fabric, 60" wide on bolt 4.5 oz. seamless garment 8 oz. knit fabric, 60" wide on bolt 12 oz. knit fabric, 60" wide on bolt 8 oz. seamless garment 20 oz. knit fabric, 60" wide on bolt
- 15. The Greasy Wool to Garment Process Wool Aggregation Wo o l fa b r i c m i l l i n g Cutting and Sewing
- 17. Facility Conceptual Design 85,000 square feet, 97% renewable energy, 100% water recycling
- 18. Closed Loop Milling System
- 19. Multi-Stakeholder Coop & DPO The nonprofit Fibershed Mission-aligned supporters (investors) The mill workers Ranchers (producers) Designers and artisans (consumers)
- 20. Initial Funding Start-up financing from foundations and impact investors USDA grant funding Co-op member equity contributions Direct public offering (DPO) of preferred stock
- 21. What are the next steps? Mill Business Plan Prototype & Test Market Viability Design and Build Mill
- 22. Step 1: Market Viability califor nia CLOTH • Natural Fiber Cloth Development • Raw Fiber Sourcing • Integrated Marketing
- 23. Thank You Lydia Wendt & Amber Bieg Lydia@CaliforniaCloth.com Amber@CaliforniaCloth.com 415-298-2004 415-601-3279
Notas do Editor
- The visionary R. Buckminster (Bucky) Fuller once said: “To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.” The aim of this project is to build a new model for textile manufacturing; one that is based on the resources of a particular bioregion and accounts for the entire life cycle of a garment. This model is a soil-to-soil model, where all the impacts from the raw materials to processing and waste are accounted for.
- The New York Times published an article citing a report from Environment Science and Technology saying that synthetic garment fibers, released through laundry-based sewage run-off, account for the greatest share of plastic pollutants on the world’s beaches (Browne, 2011)
- Textile manufacturing is the second largest source of fresh water pollution (from dyeing and treatment), accounting for 20% of global water contamination (The World Bank, 2013).
- While the garment industry is starting to get attention with the recent incidences in Bangladesh, the textile supply chain still has a number of instances of human rights abuses, slavery and child labor.
- “In a survey of 1,300 affluent shoppers conducted by Unity Marketing, the U.S. ranked highest on the scale measuring quality in luxury goods manufacturing. It topped both Italy and France, home to such brands as Louis Vuitton, Prada and Hermes (Los Angeles Times, 2011).” Perhaps the most compelling evidence of this trend is a 2013 New York Times survey, showing that 68 percent of respondents preferred products made in the United States, even if they cost more, and 63 percent believed they were of higher quality (New York Times , 2013)
- Manufacturing in California is becoming very attractive to apparel brands because of speed, quality control and more recently cost-effectiveness. Because of this, some large apparel companies (large = $30 million plus) are finding that they can produce in California with only a minimal price difference passed on to shoppers. “LA’s Single brand can turn around 800 silk print dresses for Neiman Marcus and Lord & Taylor in as little as two weeks, now that 90% of its production is done at home with only a $1/dress price difference,
- The addressable market for the sale of fabric in California is 14.7 billion. We expect to capture one tenth of a percent in the first few years . . . Growing to 4.7% by year 10.
- Due to price competition from synthetic fibers we have been losing the culture of shepherding. This is an important way of life that has co-evolved with humanity, stewarding the land and providing us food and fiber.
- It’s time for a new model . . . One that is connected to the earth, humans and culture.
- The Study Team directly inventoried 1.408 millionpounds (44.8% of the total wool in California) ofraw fiber for its quality (micron count) and quantity.The farmers that produce this particular supplyeither responded to the Fibershed survey or they sell wool through Roswell Wool auctions. This supply is immediately available for purchase. California produces 3.1 million pounds of wool annually, making it the largest wool producing state in the U.S. (National Agricultural Statistics Board, NASS, 2013). Like the rest of the country, California has seen a steep decline in sheep populations since 1945, however, interestingly this decline California has slowed since 2000 (National Research Council, 2008). This slowing of the decline can be attributed to an increase in demand for lamb from the fast- growing Asian immigrant population, moving here for the tech boom (Fagan, 2013), as well as resurgence in textile manufacturing in the US, with the increased popularity of ‘American Made.’
- To our surprise, we discovered that 79% is fine enough to wear next to skin – or suitable for fine garment production.
- The distribution of fine fiber and larger flocks is focused on the central valley.
- Key feasibility study team members consulted with Industry experts in North and South Carolina to assess how to best use California Wool This chart shows the hypothetical use compared to the California Wool Supply.
- These are the recommended products based on wool supply and consumer demand. However, we also think that there is a great opportunity to start developing seamless garments for direct-to-consumer products.
- The raw materials for the California Wool Mill are: wool, detergent, enzymes, and water. Energy is used to convert these materials into a commercially viable product: fabric.
- These are examples of some of the equipment. The equipment is estimated to cost more than $13,000,000 in the first year.
- The California Wool Mill facility will be designed as a state-of-the-art facility optimized for environmental performance and longevity. The building design should aim to meet the The Living Building ChallengeTM certification criteria, demonstrating this facility as one of the greenest manufacturing plants in the world. The idea is to build an example of what modern manufacturing system can be. This building should also serve as a classroom and education facility to teach other leaders how a sustainable manufacturing system works.
- The wastewater coming off the scouring line feeds into a centrifuge where the lanolin is extracted, and then the dirty water goes to the water recycling system, where 100% of the water is recycled and sent back through the building. The toilets and drains feed into the same system. The energy system is looped into this as well. The water is pre-heated with solar hot water heaters on the roof of the building, and then sent to the scouring line. The heat from the machines is re-captured and used as part of this system. The humidity from the scouring line will be pumped into the spinning room where it will be controlled to maintain the perfect conditions for worsted yarn. These systems are built into the pro forma, so that they can be analyzed for environmental and financial performance.
- Our proposed vision rests on a model of community-ownership that has the potential to create healthier working conditions and improve quality of life for the mill’s workers, local sheep ranchers, and dye farmers, while lowering unemployment and combating inequality throughout the region. This transformative idea of ownership creates an economic landscape where environmental enforcement is not restricted to a single enforcement body. Instead, stewardship of the environment is decentralized into the hands of all shareholders in the community-owned companies, who are by design also stakeholders with an interest in preserving the environmental services of the region they live in. In short, place matters.
- It is expected that start-up financing will primarily be in the form of loans. Co-op member equity contributions are likely to be minimal since there will not be a large number of initial members and California securities law requires more onerous compliance for member capital contributions greater than $300. Thus a relatively large portion of the start up capital could be raised in a DPO.
- Each step in this process requires capital. The prototyping process will require a few hundred thousand in funding in order to meet minimum quantities to run through a processing line in the Carolinas. This early stage of the California Wool Mill venture will require a small, but highly knowledgeable team familiar with this project and the supply chain in the Carolinas. In order for the next step to move forward, early stage funding will be essential.The exciting part of this venture is that it is truly a new model utilizing new technology, but built upon old ideas and ancient processes. The California Wool Mill model demonstrates that old systems can be updated to create sustainable solutions. Society can learn from ancient crafts and practices in order to reinvent new systems for today’s most pressing challenges. The California Soil-To-Soil Wool Mill is truly a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.