Build and Deploy Serverless Applications with AWS SAM

© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Chris Munns
Senior Developer Advocate – AWS Serverless
Authoring and Deploying Serverless
Applications with AWS SAM

About me:
Chris Munns - munns@amazon.com, @chrismunns
• Senior Developer Advocate - Serverless
• New Yorker
• Previously:
• Business Development Manager – DevOps, July ’15 - Feb ‘17
• AWS Solutions Architect Nov, 2011- Dec 2014
• Formerly on operations teams @Etsy and @Meetup
• Little time at a hedge fund, Xerox, and a few other startups
• Rochester Institute of Technology: Applied Networking and Systems
Administration ’05
• Internet infrastructure geek

https://secure.flickr.com/photos/mgifford/4525333972
Why are we
here today?

No servers to provision
or manage
Scales with usage
Never pay for idle Availability and fault
tolerance built in
Serverless means…

Serverless applications
SERVICES (ANYTHING)
Changes in
data state
Requests to
endpoints
Changes in
resource state
EVENT SOURCE FUNCTION
Node.js
Python
Java
C#
Go

© 2018, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Handler() function
Function to be executed
upon invocation
Event object
Data sent during Lambda
Function Invocation
Context object
Methods available to
interact with runtime
information (request ID,
log group, etc.)
public String handleRequest(Book book, Context context) {
saveBook(book);
return book.getName() + " saved!";
}
Anatomy of a Lambda function

Using AWS Lambda
Bring your own code
•Node.js, Java, Python, C#, Go
•Bring your own libraries
(even native ones)
Simple resource model
•Select power rating from
128 MB to 3 GB
•CPU and network allocated
proportionately
Flexible use
•Synchronous or
asynchronous
•Integrated with other AWS
services
Flexible authorization
•Securely grant access to
resources and VPCs
•Fine-grained control for
invoking your functions

Lambda permissions model
Fine grained security controls for both execution
and invocation:
Execution policies:
•Define what AWS resources/API calls can this function
access via IAM
•Used in streaming invocations
•E.g. “Lambda function A can read from DynamoDB
table users”
•Function policies:
•Used for sync and async invocations
•E.g. “Actions on bucket X can invoke Lambda function
Z"
•Resource policies allow for cross account access

Lambda execution model
Synchronous
(push)
Asynchronous
(event)
Poll-Based
Amazon
API Gateway
AWS Lambda
function
Amazon
DynamoDBAmazon
SNS
/order
AWS Lambda
function
Amazon
S3
reqs
Amazon
Kinesis
changes
AWS Lambda
service
function

Lambda execution models
Poll-Based
Amazon
SQS
messages
AWS Lambda
service
function
NEW! NEW!

Using AWS Lambda
Authoring functions
•Cloud9
•WYSIWYG editor or upload
packaged .zip
•Third-party plugins
(Eclipse, Visual Studio)
Monitoring and logging
•Metrics for requests,
errors, and throttles
•Built-in logs to Amazon
CloudWatch Logs
•AWS X-Ray integration
Programming model
•Use processes, threads,
/tmp, sockets normally
•AWS SDK built in (Python
and Node.js)
Stateless
•Persist data using external
storage
•No affinity or access to
underlying infrastructure

Event sources that trigger AWS Lambda
Amazon S3 Amazon
DynamoDB
Amazon
Kinesis
AWS
CloudFormation
AWS CloudTrail Amazon
CloudWatch
Amazon
Cognito
Amazon SNSAmazon
SES
Cron events
DATA STORES ENDPOINTS
DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS EVENT/MESSAGE SERVICES
and more!
AWS
CodeCommit
Amazon
API Gateway
Amazon
Alexa
AWS IoT AWS Step
Functions

Common Lambda use cases
Web
Applications
• Static
websites
• Complex web
apps
• Packages for
Flask and
Express
Data
Processing
• Real time
• MapReduce
• Batch
Chatbots
• Powering
chatbot logic
Backends
• Apps &
services
• Mobile
• IoT
</></>
Amazon
Alexa
• Powering
voice-enabled
apps
• Alexa Skills
Kit
IT
Automation
•Policy engines
•Extending AWS
services
•Infrastructure
management

AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM)
AWS CloudFormation extension optimized for
serverless
New serverless resource types: functions, APIs, and
tables
Supports anything AWS CloudFormation supports
Open specification (Apache 2.0)
- SAM Translator recently open sourced!
https://github.com/awslabs/serverless-application-model

Create templates of your infrastructure
CloudFormation provisions AWS resources
based on dependency needs
Version control/replicate/update templates like
code
Integrates with development, CI/CD,
management tools
JSON and YAML supported
AWS CloudFormation

SAM Template
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09’
Transform: AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31
Resources:
GetHtmlFunction:
Type: AWS::Serverless::Function
Properties:
CodeUri: s3://sam-demo-bucket/todo_list.zip
Handler: index.gethtml
Runtime: nodejs6.10
Policies: AmazonDynamoDBReadOnlyAccess
Events:
GetHtml:
Type: Api
Properties:
Path: /{proxy+}
Method: ANY
ListTable:
Type: AWS::Serverless::SimpleTable

SAM Template
Tells CloudFormation this is a SAM
template it needs to “transform”
Creates a Lambda function with the
referenced managed IAM policy,
runtime, code at the referenced zip
location, and handler as defined.
Also creates an API Gateway and
takes care of all
mapping/permissions necessary
Creates a DynamoDB table with 5
Read & Write units
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09’
Transform: AWS::Serverless-2016-10-31
Resources:
GetHtmlFunction:
Properties:
CodeUri: s3://sam-demo-bucket/todo_list.zip
Handler: index.gethtml
Runtime: nodejs6.10
Policies: AmazonDynamoDBReadOnlyAccess
Events:
GetHtml:
Type: Api
Properties:
Path: /{proxy+}
Method: ANY
ListTable:

From: https://github.com/awslabs/aws-serverless-samfarm/blob/master/api/saml.yaml
<-THIS
BECOMES THIS->
SAM Template

SAM Template Properties
AWS::Serverless::Function
AWS::Serverless::Api
AWS::Serverless::SimpleTable
Handler: index.js
Runtime: nodejs4.3
CodeUri: 's3://my-code-bucket/my-function.zip'
Description: Creates thumbnails of uploaded
images
MemorySize: 1024
Timeout: 15
Policies: AmazonS3FullAccess
Environment:
Variables:
TABLE_NAME: my-table
Events:
PhotoUpload:
Type: S3
Properties:
Bucket: my-photo-bucket
Tracing: Active|PassThrough
Tags:
AppNameTag: ThumbnailApp
DepartmentNameTag: ThumbnailDepartmentFrom SAM Version 2016-10-31

StageName: prod
DefinitionUri: swagger.yml
CacheClusterEnabled: true
CacheClusterSize: 28.4
EndpointConfiguration: REGIONAL
Variables:
VarName: VarValue
From SAM Version 2016-10-31

PrimaryKey:
Name: id
Type: String
ProvisionedThroughput:
ReadCapacityUnits: 5
WriteCapacityUnits: 5
Tags:
Department: Engineering
AppType: Serverless
SSESpecification:
SSEEnabled: true

AWS::Serverless::Function Event source types
S3
SNS
Kinesis | DynamoDB
Api
Schedule
CloudWatchEvent
IoTRule
AlexaSkill
Note: Events are a map of string to Event Source
Object
Event Source Objects have the following structure:
Type:
Properties:
For Example:
Events:
MyEventName:
Type: S3
Properties:
Bucket: my-photo-bucket

S3
SNS
Kinesis | DynamoDB
Api
Schedule
CloudWatchEvent
IoTRule
AlexaSkill
Type: S3
Properties:
Bucket: bucket-name*
Events: S3:Supported events**
Filter:
S3Key:
Rules:
-
Name: prefix|suffix
Value: String
-
Name: prefix|suffix
Value: String
*Bucket must be declared in same template today
**https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/Not
ificationHowTo.html#supported-notification-event-
typesFrom SAM Version 2016-10-31

S3
SNS
Kinesis | DynamoDB
Api
Schedule
CloudWatchEvent
IoTRule
AlexaSkill
Type: SNS
Properties:
Topic: arn:aws:sns:<region>:<account-
id>:topic_name

S3
SNS
Kinesis | DynamoDB
Api
Schedule
CloudWatchEvent
IoTRule
AlexaSkill
Type: Kinesis
Properties:
Stream:
arn:aws:kinesis:<region>:<account-
id>:stream/stream_name
StartingPosition: TRIM_HORIZON|LATEST
BatchSize: <integer>
--------------------------------
Type: DynamoDB
Properties:
Stream:
arn:aws:dynamodb:<region>:<account-
id>:table/table_name/stream/<time stamp>
StartingPosition: TRIM_HORIZON|LATEST
BatchSize: <integer>

S3
SNS
Kinesis | DynamoDB
Api
Schedule
CloudWatchEvent
IoTRule
AlexaSkill
Type: Schedule
Properties:
Schedule: Cron|Rate Expression
Input: JSON formatted string
Cron examples:
cron(* * * * * *) (every minute)
cron(1/5 8-17 * * 2-6 *) (every five
minutes, between 8am and 5pm, Monday-
Friday)
Rate Expression examples:
rate(10 minutes)
rate(1 hour)

S3
SNS
Kinesis | DynamoDB
Api
Schedule
CloudWatchEvent
IoTRule
AlexaSkill
Type: AlexaSkill*
* creates a resource policy that allows the Amazon
Alexa service to call your Lambda function
powers:

AWS SAM CLI SAM Local
Relaunched/GA’d on May 8th!
CLI tool for local building, validating, testing of
serverless apps
Works with Lambda functions and “proxy-style” APIs
Response object and function logs available on your
local machine
Uses open source docker-lambda images to mimic
Lambda’s execution environment:
•Emulates timeout, memory limits, runtimes
https://github.com/awslabs/aws-sam-cli

SAM Local CLI
$ sam --help
Usage: sam [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
AWS Serverless Application Model (SAM) CLI
The AWS Serverless Application Model extends AWS CloudFormation to provide
a simplified way of defining the Amazon API Gateway APIs, AWS Lambda
functions, and Amazon DynamoDB tables needed by your serverless
application. You can find more in-depth guide about the SAM specification
here: https://github.com/awslabs/serverless-application-model.
Options:
--debug Turn on debug logging
--version Show the version and exit.
--help Show this message and exit.
Commands:
init Initialize a serverless application with a...
package Package an AWS SAM application. This is an alias for 'aws
cloudformation package'.
local Run your Serverless application locally for...
validate Validate an AWS SAM template.
deploy Deploy an AWS SAM application. This is an alias for 'aws
cloudformation deploy'.

{
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",
"Description" : "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template EC2InstanceSample: **WARNING** This template an Amazon EC2 instances. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if
you create a stack from this template.",
"Parameters" : {
"KeyName" : {
"Description" : "Name of an existing EC2 KeyPair to enable SSH access to the instance",
"Type" : "String"
},
"Environment": {
"Type" : "String",
"Default" : ”Dev",
"AllowedValues" : [”Mgmt", "Dev", ”Staging", "Prod"],
"Description" : "Environment that the instances will run in.”
}
},
"Mappings" : {
"RegionMap" : {
"us-east-1" : { "AMI" : "ami-7f418316" },
"us-west-2" : { "AMI" : "ami-16fd7026" }
}
},
"Conditions" : {
”EnableEBSOptimized" : {"Fn::Equals" : [{"Ref" : " Environment "}, ”Prod"]},
},
"Resources" : {
"Ec2Instance" : {
"Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance",
"Properties" : {
"KeyName" : { "Ref" : "KeyName" },
"EbsOptimized " : {"Fn::If": [ " EnableEBSOptimized ", {“true”}, {“false”}]},
"ImageId" : { "Fn::FindInMap" : [ "RegionMap", { "Ref" : "AWS::Region" }, "AMI" ]},
"UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : "80" }
}
}
},
"Outputs" : {
"InstanceId" : {
"Description" : "InstanceId of the newly created EC2 instance",
"Value" : { "Ref" : "Ec2Instance" }
},
"PublicDNS" : {
"Description" : "Public DNSName of the newly created EC2 instance",
"Value" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "Ec2Instance", "PublicDnsName" ] }
}
}
}

{
"Parameters" : {
"KeyName" : {
"Type" : "String"
},
"Environment": {
"Type" : "String",
}
},
"Mappings" : {
"RegionMap" : {
"us-east-1" : { "AMI" : "ami-7f418316" },
"us-west-2" : { "AMI" : "ami-16fd7026" }
}
},
"Conditions" : {
},
"Resources" : {
"Ec2Instance" : {
"Properties" : {
"UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : "80" }
}
}
},
"Outputs" : {
"InstanceId" : {
},
"PublicDNS" : {
}
}
}
HEADERS
PARAMETERS
MAPPINGS
RESOURCES
OUTPUTS
CONDITIONALS

{
"Parameters" : {
"KeyName" : {
"Type" : "String"
},
"Environment": {
"Type" : "String",
}
},
"Mappings" : {
"RegionMap" : {
"us-east-1" : { "AMI" : "ami-7f418316" },
"us-west-2" : { "AMI" : "ami-16fd7026" }
}
},
"Conditions" : {
},
"Resources" : {
"Ec2Instance" : {
"Properties" : {
"UserData" : { "Fn::Base64" : "80" }
}
}
},
"Outputs" : {
"InstanceId" : {
},
"PublicDNS" : {
}
}
}
Description of what your stack does, contains, etc
Provision time values that add structured flexibility and
customization
Pre-defined conditional case statements
Conditional values set via evaluations of passed references
AWS resource definitions
Resulting attributes of stack resource creation
HEADERS
PARAMETERS
MAPPINGS
RESOURCES
OUTPUTS
CONDITIONALS

SAM Template Capabilities
• Can mix in other non-SAM CloudFormation
resources in the same template
• i.e. S3, Kinesis, Step Functions
• Supports use of Parameters, Mappings, Outputs,
etc
• Supports Intrinsic Functions
• Can use ImportValue
(exceptions for RestApiId, Policies, StageName attributes)
• YAML or JSON

Lambda Environment Variables
• Key-value pairs that you can dynamically pass to your function
• Available via standard environment variable APIs such as process.env for
Node.js or os.environ for Python
• Can optionally be encrypted via AWS Key Management Service
(AWS KMS)
• Allows you to specify in IAM what roles have access to the keys to decrypt the
information
• Useful for creating environments per stage (i.e. dev, testing, production)

API Gateway Stage Variables
• Stage variables act like environment variables
• Use stage variables to store configuration values
• Stage variables are available in the $context object
• Values are accessible from most fields in API Gateway
• Lambda function ARN
• HTTP endpoint
• Custom authorizer function name
• Parameter mappings

Lambda and API Gateway Variables + SAM
Parameters:
MyEnvironment:
Type: String
Default: testing
AllowedValues:
- testing
- staging
- prod
Description: Environment of this stack of
resources
Mappings:
SpecialFeature1:
testing:
status: on
staging:
status: on
prod:
status: off
#Lambda
MyFunction:
Type: 'AWS::Serverless::Function'
Properties:
…
Environment:
Variables:
ENVIRONMENT: !Ref: MyEnvironment
Spec_Feature1: !FindInMap [SpecialFeature1, !Ref
MyEnvironment, status]
…
#API Gateway
MyApiGatewayApi:
Type: AWS::Serverless::Api
Properties:
…
Variables:
ENVIRONMENT: !Ref: MyEnvironment

SAM + Safe Deployments
MyLambdaFunction:
Properties:
Handler: index.handler
Runtime: nodejs4.3
AutoPublishAlias: !Ref ENVIRONMENT
DeploymentPreference:
Type: Linear10PercentEvery10Minutes
Alarms:
# A list of alarms that you want to monitor
- !Ref AliasErrorMetricGreaterThanZeroAlarm
- !Ref LatestVersionErrorMetricGreaterThanZeroAlarm
Hooks:
# Validation Lambda functions that are run before & after traffic shifting
PreTraffic: !Ref PreTrafficLambdaFunction
PostTraffic: !Ref PostTrafficLambdaFunction

Lambda Alias Traffic Shifting & AWS SAM
AutoPublishAlias
By adding this property and specifying an alias
name, AWS SAM will do the following:
•Detect when new code is being deployed
based on changes to the Lambda function's
Amazon S3 URI.
•Create and publish an updated version of
that function with the latest code.
•Create an alias with a name you provide
(unless an alias already exists) and points to
the updated version of the Lambda function.
Deployment Preference Type
Canary10Percent30Minutes
Linear10PercentEvery10Minutes
Linear10PercentEvery1Minute
AllAtOnce
In SAM:

Lambda Alias Traffic Shifting & AWS SAM
Alarms: # A list of alarms that you want to monitor
- !Ref AliasErrorMetricGreaterThanZeroAlarm
- !Ref LatestVersionErrorMetricGreaterThanZeroAlarm
Hooks: # Validation Lambda functions that are run
before & after traffic shifting
PreTraffic: !Ref PreTrafficLambdaFunction
PostTraffic: !Ref PostTrafficLambdaFunction
In SAM:
Note: You can specify a maximum of 10 alarms

SAM Globals
Globals:
Function:
Runtime: nodejs4.3
CodeUri: s3://code-artifacts/pet_app1234.zip
MemorySize: 1024
Timeout: 30
AutoPublishAlias: !Ref ENVIRONMENT
getDogsFunction:
Properties:
Handler: getdogs.handler
Events:
GetDogs:
Type: Api
Properties:
Path: /Dogs
Method: ANY
getCatsFunction:
Properties:
Handler: getCats.handler
Events:
GetCats:
Type: Api
Properties:
Path: /Cats
Method: ANY
getBirdsFunction:
Properties:
Handler: getBirds.handler
Timeout: 15
Events:
GetBirds:
Type: Api
Properties:
Path: /Birds
Method: ANY

SAM Policy Templates
MyFunction:
Properties:
...
Policies:
# Give just CRUD permissions to one table
- DynamoDBCrudPolicy:
TableName: !Ref MyTable
...
MyTable:

SAM Policy Templates
MyFunction:
Properties:
...
Policies:
# Give just CRUD permissions to one table
- DynamoDBCrudPolicy:
TableName: !Ref MyTable
...
MyTable:
All found here:
https://github.com/awslabs/serverless-
application-
model/blob/develop/docs/policy_templa
tes_data/policy_templates.json

SAM Best Practices
• Use Parameters and Mappings when possible to build
dynamic templates based on user inputs and pseudo
parameters such as AWS::Region
• Use the Globals section to simplify templates
• Use ExportValue & ImportValue to share resource
information across stacks
• Build out multiple environments, such as for
Development, Test, Production, and even DR using
the same template, even across accounts
SAM Template
Source
Control
Dev
Test
Prod

SAM Best Practices
• Unless function handlers share code, split them into their own
independent Lambda functions files or binaries
• Another option is to use language specific packages to share
common code between functions
• Unless independent Lambda functions share event sources,
split them into their own code repositories with their own
SAM templates
• Locally lint & validate your YAML or JSON SAM files before
committing them. Then do it again in your CI/CD process

aws.amazon.com/serverless

Chris Munns
munns@amazon.com
@chrismunnshttps://www.flickr.com/photos/theredproject/3302110152/

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Build and Deploy Serverless Applications with AWS SAM

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Build and Deploy Serverless Applications with AWS SAM