Quick lesson for composition students to reference

1. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 What do summaries,What do summaries,
paraphrases, and quotes allowparaphrases, and quotes allow
writers to do?writers to do?
 They are 3 ways of incorporatingThey are 3 ways of incorporating
other writers' ideas into your ownother writers' ideas into your own
writing.writing.

2. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 How do summaries, paraphrases,How do summaries, paraphrases,
and quotes differ from one another?and quotes differ from one another?
 They differ according to the similarityThey differ according to the similarity
ofof youryour writing to the source writing.writing to the source writing.
 They differ according to theThey differ according to the level oflevel of
specificityspecificity in communicating the ideasin communicating the ideas
of the source writing.of the source writing.

3. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 A SummaryA Summary::
 Is a general restatement of the main idea of a
passage.
 Is the most general of the three techniques.
 Requires that you clearly understand the
original passage so you do not distort its
meaning.
 Uses your own original wording and sentence
structure—otherwise, it’s plagiarism.
 Is much shorter in length than the original.
 Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise,
it’s plagiarism.
 A parenthetical citation consists of the author’s last
name and the page number(s) of the borrowed

4. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 A ParaphraseA Paraphrase::
 Is a precise restatement of a short passage—
usually no more than a sentence or two.
 Is more specific than summary, but more
general than a quotation
 Requires that you clearly understand the
original passage so you do not distort its
meaning.
 Uses your own original wording and sentence
structure—otherwise, it’s plagiarism.
 Is usually very close to the same length as the
original passage.
 Requires a parenthetical citation—otherwise,
it’s plagiarism.

5. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 A Quotation:
 Is identical to the original—word for
word.
 Is the most specific of the three
techniques, but should be used the
least.
 Should never stand by itself as a
complete sentence (known as a “floating
quote”). Instead, integrate every quote
into a sentence of your own.
 Requires a parenthetical citation—

6. SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, &
QUOTATIONQUOTATION
 A Quotation:
 Is identical to the original—word for
word.
 Is the most specific of the three
techniques, but should be used the
least.
 Should never stand by itself as a
complete sentence (known as a “floating
quote”). Instead, integrate every quote
into a sentence of your own.
 Requires a parenthetical citation—