Lab PPT for fungi

1. Fungi

2. Kingdom Fungi
• A unique group of organisms that are heterotrophic by absorptive
means
• Secrete enzymes across their cell wall and absorb smaller organic
compounds

3. Kingdom fungi
• Eukaryotic, multicellular, absorptive heterotroph
• Decomposers
• Fungi secrete enzymes that break down organic matter outside their bodies; They
then absorb the nutrients.
• Cell walls made of CHITIN
• Classified based on the presence and types of sexual structures

4. Kingdom Fungi
Two Types
Saprotrophs/saprophyte: feed on dead
matter
Parasites: feed on the tissues of other
animals or plants
- athletes foot
- ringworm
- thrush

5. Ecological significance
• Some fungi are harmful, but many are beneficial
• Decomposers—break down dead plants and animals and return inorganic
nutrients back to plants; Fungi in the forest that decay wood play an important
role in the carbon cycle
• Food source
• Fermentation by yeasts—baking bread, brewing beer, making wine

6. Fungal Phylogeny
Movement onto land
Chytrids (1,000 species)
Zygomycetes (1,000 species)
Glomeromycetes (160 species)
Ascomycetes (65,000 species)
Basidiomycetes (30,000 species)
Hyphae 25 m
25 m
Fungal hypha

7. Fungal diversity
• 5 phyla
• Chytridiomycota—swimming spores—have
flagella
• Ascomycota—spores in sacs—make antibiotics
• Basidiomycota—spores on club-like structures—
mushrooms and club fungi
• Glomeromycota—no sexual spores—symbiosis
with plants
• Zygomycota—zygospores—bread mold, Rhizopus

8. Fungal Anatomy
Chitin: cell walls of
fungi are reinforced
with this major
support compound
Spores: reproductive
structure of fungi

9. Fungal Anatomy

10. All fungal bodies are made of hyphae forming a mass
called the Mycelium

11. Mycelium-a mass of hyphae

12. Nutritional Mode: Heterotrophs
nutrients
Extracellular Digestion

13. Terminology
• Hyphae
• Mycelium

14. Terminology
Sporocarp – Fruiting body of the fungus that produces
the spores.
• Each of the phyla are distinguish by the types of spores and
sporocarps
Basidocarp Ascocarp Zygomycota

15. Chytridomycota (Chytrids)
• Thought to be the most
ancient group
• Once grouped within Protista
• Aquatic
• Zoospores: flagellated spores
• Asexual or sexual
• Parasitize protists, plants, and
animals

16. Zygomycota (Zygote Fungi)
• Considered the 1st fungi to
colonize terrestrial habitats
• Can reproduce sexually or
asexually
• Asexual reproduction
occurs through
sporangiospores

17. Zygomycota (zygomycetes)
• Most common method of reproduction is with ball
like sporangia which produce spores through meiosis
• Commonly called mold
• Rhizopus (genus)

18. Zygomycota (zygomycetes)

19. Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)
• Mushrooms, Shelf Fungi,
Puffballs, Rusts
• Long lived mycelium stage
• Sexual reproduction:
• Occurs in the fruiting body
known as the basidiocarp
• Produces basidiospores
• Contains mychorrizae

20. Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)
The massive amounts of
hyphae/mycelium can
obtain lots of energy, so
quick production of the
fruiting bodies occurs in
optimal conditions

21. Basidiomycota (basidiomycetes)
• Sexually basidiospores on club-shaped hyphae
• Largest and most conspicuous
• Mushrooms, toadstools, shelf fungi, puff ball fungi
• Decompose wood/plant material

22. Phylum
Basidiomycota
Coprinus
mushroom

23. Anatomy of a typical Basidiomycota
(Mushroom)
Cap
Gills
Stalk

24. Shelf Fungus

25. Amanita

26. Fairy Rings

27. Ascomycota (Sac Fungi)
• Can reproduce sexually and
asexually
• Asci:
• Saclike structure that
produces sexual spores
• Ascocarps:
• Fruiting bodies where the asci
are found
• Conidia:
• Spores produced by
specialized hyphae that allow
for asexual reproduction

28. Ascomycota (ascomycetes)
• Sexually ascospores in ascocarps; “sac fungi”
Yeasts Morels Truffles

29. Ascomycota (ascomycetes)
Also called “sac fungi”
Asci- usually contain 8 ascospores,
produces by meiosis
Hymenium

30. Mychorrizae (Not a taxonomic group)
• Symbiosis
• Mutualism with Basidiomycota
• Enhance the nutrient absorption
of plant roots w/ extensive
hyphae.
• Fungi receives organic nutrients
synthesized by the plant

31. Lichens (Not a taxonomic group)
• Symbiotic relationship between a
fungus (usually Ascomycete) and
photosynthetic cell (either an algae or
cyanobacteria)
• Fungus houses algae and collects
nutrients, in return uses some of the
energy produced by photosynthesis

32. Lichen Anatomy

33. Lichens
3 types:
crustose: looks like crust on tree bark
foliose: looks like leaf material on bark
fruticose: look like miniature shrubs

34. Lichen: Foliose

35. Lichens: Crustose

36. Lichens: Fruticose

37. 3 types of lichens on the same tree

38. Today’s lab
• Look at representatives of different phyla from the fungi kingdom
• Understand the differences between the phyla
• Be able to identify different parts of fungal anatomy