The document discusses several topics related to population growth and dynamics, including:
1. Direct consequences of population growth like overcrowding, pressure on land and resources, and slowed development.
2. Population growth curves that typically follow a lag phase, exponential growth phase, and equilibrium phase.
3. Carrying capacity, which is the maximum population size an environment can sustain.
4. Limiting factors that control population growth, including density-dependent and density-independent factors.
5. Reproductive strategies of r-selected and K-selected species that influence population fluctuations.
4. • SEX RATION AND AGE DISTRIBUTION DIRECTLY
INFLUENCE THE RATE OF REPRODUCTION WITHIN A
POPULATION.
• EACH SPECIES HAS AN INHERENT REPRODUCTIVE
CAPACITY OT BIOTIC POTENTIAL-WHICH IS THE
ABILITY TO PRODUCE OFFSPRING.
• POPULATION GROWTH TENDS TO FOLLOW A
PARTICULAR PATTERN, CONSISTING OF (1) LAG PHASE;
(2) EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE; AND (3) STABLE
EQUILIBRIUM.
6. •THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF A
SPECIES THAN CAN SURVIVE IN THAT
AREA OVER TIME.
•CAN BE DEFINED AS THE NUMBER OF
INDIVIDUALS IN A PARTICULAR
POPULATION THAT THE ENVIRONMENT
CAN SUPPORT OVER AN INDEFINITE
PERIOD OF TIME IN TERMS OF FOOD,
SPACE AND SHELTER.
17. DENSITY DEPENDENT LIMITING FACTOR
•BIOTIC FACTORS ARE USUALLY
DEPENDENT ON THE DENSITY OF
THE POPULATION, THE EFFECT OF
COMPETITION, PREDATORS,
DISEASES, AVAILABILITY OF SPACE
AND FOOD.
18. •* THEY HELP TO
DETERMINE THE
CARRYING CAPACITY OF
AN ECOSYSTEM FOR A
PARTICULAR ORGANIM.
20. DENSITY INDEPENDEDNT LIMITING
FACTORS
•THESE ARE FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE ALL POPULATION,
REGARDLESS OF THEIR
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF
SUNLIGHT.
21. •THE AMOUNT OF AVAILABLE
AIR, WATER AND SOIL
CONDITION AND THE SLOPE OF
THE ENVIRONMENT ARE BIOTIC
FACTORS THAT ARE NOT
DIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH
LIVING THINGS.
31. •LIMITED BY DENSITY-
INDEPENDEDNT LIMITING
FACTORS, IN WHICH THE
SIZE OF THE POPULATION
HAS NOTHING TO KDO
WITH THE LIMITING
FACTOR.
32. •THE POPULATION SIZE OF R-
STRATEGISTS IS LIKELY TO
FLUCTUATE WIDELY. THEY
REPRODUCE RAPIDLY, POPULATION
SIZE INCREASE THE POPULATION
TO CRASH, AND THEY BEGIN THE
WHOLE PROCESS ALL OVER AGAIN.