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Whose Line Is It Anyway?
AC Macklin
Narrative techniques & their effect on your audience
Getting the reaction you want
1. Narrative structure
2. Level of emotional engagement
3. Level of self awareness
4. Level of deceit
Who’s your narrator?
narrator protagonisthero
Sherlock Holmes
narrator hero protagonist
Serenity
narrator hero protagonist
What type of narrator?
1. First person
2. Second person
3. Third person
4. Omniscient
Dramatized narrator
Reflector narrator
Observer/frame narrator
Self-conscious narrator
Implied author
Undramatized author
Look who’s talking
1. First person
2. Third person
3. Omniscient
Dramatized narrator
Reflector narrator
Observer/frame narrator
Self-conscious narrator
Implied author
Undramatized author
Frame narratives
Captain Walton
Victor Frankenstein
Monster
heterodiegetic
homodiegetic
Diegesis
1st/3rd person
narrator
homodiegetic
heterodiegetic
autodiegetic
intradiegetic
extradiegetic
Look who’s talking 2
heterodiegetic
homodiegetic
intradiegetic
autodiegetic
extradiegetic
Narrative levels
author
narrator
focalizer
characters
implied spectator
implied reader
audience
text
story
fabula
CS Lewis’ The Screwtape Letters
audienceimplied readerimplied authorauthor
Disney’s Robin Hood
audienceimplied author /
self conscious
extradiegetic
narrator
self conscious
intradiegetic
narrator &
focalizer
unconscious
focalizer &
hero
Privilege
author
narrator
focalizer
characters
audience
privilege
bias
Authorial (un)reliability
1. Changeable structure
2. Amnesiac
3. Naïve
4. Misled
5. Blinkered
6. Delusional
7. In denial
8. Speaking with an agenda
9. Lying
Twist it
Postmodern unreliabilitydisframed
antimimetic
Narrative complicity
Relative distance
narrator characters
audienceauthor
Getting the reaction you want
1. Narrative structure
2. Level of emotional engagement
3. Level of self awareness
4. Level of deceit
Frame narration
Epistolary structure
Unreliable structure
Diegetic level
Narrative level
Relative distance
Self-consciousness
Narrative complicity
Authorial reliability
Privilege and bias
Plot twist/reveal
Thank you!
www.everwalker.wordpress.com
Mieke Ball
Wayne Booth
Joseph Campbell
Gerard Genette
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Orson Scott Card

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Choosing your narrative voice