2. Paradigm
A paradigm is a set of related forms
having the same stem but different affixes.
Paradigm
inflectional
Derivational
3. Inflectional Paradigm
Inflectional paradigm is a set of
related words with the same stem and different
inflectional suffixes . For example :
- Work - works – working – worked – worked
- Car – cars – car’s – cars’
- Small – smaller – smallest
4. Noun paradigm
Stem { -s pl } Plural { -s ps } possessive { -s pl ps } Plural +
possessive
Boy Boys Boy’s Boys’
Man Men Man’s Men’s
Doctor Doctors Doctor’s Doctors’
5. Notes
• A group of forms has no singular form but only
the –s plural form as in : clothes , trousers.
• A group of forms ends with –s but they are
singular as in : linguistics , mathematics ,
economics .
• A group of forms ends with –s but they may
be either singular or plural as in : ethics , oats ,
suds , pliers , measles.
6. Collective nouns
collective nouns can be either
singular or plural in meaning when they are
singular in form . They are used to represent a
collection or unit of individuals such as tribe ,
family , team , committee , faculty , choir.
They are singular when they refer to
the unit as a single whole , and they are plural if
they are used to refer to the individuals within
the unit.
7. Verb Paradigm
Verbs can have three , four , or five forms.
Stem Present
Third- Person singular
Present
Participle
Past
tense
Past
participle
learn learns learning learned learned
choose chooses choosing chose chosen
run runs running run run
8. The comparative Paradigm
The comparative paradigm is as follows:
Stem { -er cp } comparative { -esr sp } superlative
Sweet sweeter sweetest
soon sooner soonest
deadly deadlier deadliest
friendly friendlier friendliest
9. This comparative paradigm is suitable for the
following adjectives:
1- Nearly all one-syllable adjectives as hot .
2- Some two-syllable adjectives , especially those
ending with –ly and –y as lovely , funny.
3- A few adverbials of one or two syllables as fast , early
4- The preposition ( near ) as nearer , nearest.
Other adjectives and adverbs can be preceded by
more or most .
