Smart Cities And Traffic Congestion || Dealing With The Conundrum

SMART CITIES
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
~ DEALING WITH THE CONUNDRUM ~
www.TDCO.design
Bengaluru


If you do not know history,
you think short term.
If you know history, you think
medium and long term.

~ LKY
2
www.TDCO.design; For The Eyes Of
Addressees; All Rights Reserved

19th , 20th Century: Cityscape Reality
New York City
Horse Carriages
London City
Hansom Cabs
3

Mobility Of 1885-1920
• London Mobility : 11000 Hansom Cabs
:3000 Horse-drawn Buses
:50000 Horses
:? Drays For Carts (1900s)
• New York: :100K Horses
• Horse Manure: :10 Kg Per Horse Per Day
• Flies: :Spread Of Disease
• Pollution: :Urine & Manure On Roads
• Reference: :NYT, ( tinyurl.com/y9fwtym7 )
4

Ford Model ‘T’: Touring (Oct 1908)
Independence! Freedom Of Mobility!
Reliable, Easily maintained, Mass-market transportation
But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one –
and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces.
~ Henry Ford
5

Industrial Revolution: Ver 1.0, 2.0, 3.0
• First: 1712 – 1727 Steam
• Second: 1870 – 1914 Electricity
• Third: 1950-1970 Information Technology
• Growing Jobs Market > Increasing Migration
> Demands On Mobility
6

Progressive Lifestyle USA (McKinsey & Co)
• Citizens Driving To Work : 77%
• Automobile Ownership : 2 (Av.) Per Family
• Single-Driver Cars On Roads : Majority
• Values Proposition : Safety
: Comfort
: Convenience
: Utility
: Route Choice
: Schedule Choice
7

Cause-Effect Research
• Incremental Congestion : Causes Driver Distraction
• Unsafe Behavior : Over Speeding
: Tail-Gating
: Road Rage
: Unsafe Lane Crossing
: Blinding Headlight Glare
: Wrong Direction Driving
: Mobile Phone Use
: Drunk-Driving
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Interventions
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• Public Transportation Networks
• Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
• Bus Rapid Transit Lanes
• Driving Assistance Systems
• High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes
• Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS)
• Automated Driving Systems Levels 3-5 (HAV | AV)

21st Century: Cityscape Reality
10

Prognosis
• Top 10 Cities 2015 (Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai…) : Pop: 223 Mn;
• Top 10 Cities2025 (Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai…) : Pop: 259Mn;
• Top 10 Cities 2035 (Delhi, Tokyo, Shanghai…) : Pop: 303Mn;
• Growth (2 Decades) : 35.9 %
• Smart Transportation projects : North America -25
Europe -24
Asia-Pacific -11
• By mid-century, we could be facing global gridlock.
~ Bill Ford, Chairman, Ford Motor Corp, TED Talk, 2011
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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS)
• United Nations: United Smart Cities (USC)
• Institutions: UNECE and Industrial Partners
• Objectives at City Level: a) Decrease vulnerability:
Urban Migration, Demographic Changes,
Environmental Degradation, Climate Change.
b) Reduce carbon footprint
c) Enhance Quality of Life
d) Improve Environmental Quality
e) Establish public-private partnerships (PPPs)
• Key areas for “Smartening” Cities: Urban mobility
Sustainable housing
Clean energy
Waste management
ICT
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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS)
• UNDP Sustainable Development Goals, No.11
: tinyurl.com/yxxdzyzr
• European Commission Expert Group Report By
DG (Research & Innovation: Smart Green Integrated Transport)
: tinyurl.com/qupv8vn
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Economically Vibrant Cities
–> Smart Cities >>
 Time
 Convenience
 Safety
 Access To Jobs
 Housing Costs
 Quality Of Life
 Health
 Ageing
<< Smart Mobility <–
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Mobility Solutions
• Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
• Ride Sharing
• Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)
• Autonomous Vehicles (AVs)
• Drones
• Rope-Ways
• Overhead Rail
15

Solutions & Drawbacks
• BRT: Diminished Asphalted Areas; Arterial Roads Insertion
• Ride Sharing: Social Acceptance ; Step-Down Option
• MaaS: Adding To Traffic; Existing Vehicles Continue Plying
• AVs: Unable To Ply On Congested Roads
• Drones: Not For Mass Mobility; Not Fail-Safe
• Rope-ways: Slow; Single Point Failure ; Emergency Extraction
• Overhead Rail: Sag Prevention; Heavy Infra.; Maintenance
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Assessment Of AVs
• Operating On Same Congested Roads
• AV Congestion Is Also Congestion
• Inability To Coexist With Non-AVs
• Non-AVs Continuing Into Foreseeable Future
• Require Geo-fenced Operational Area
• Technology Intensive: Cost Benefit; Life Cycle Costs
• Sensor Dependencies for Safe Operations
• Concerns On Liability: Moral, Ethical & Insurance
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Windscreen View From An ‘AV’
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Perspective:
• Definitions:
– Capacity : Maximum Unhindered Vehicle Flow Per Hour
(Ideal Conditions: Passenger Car Units)
– Volume : Actual Vehicle Flow Per Hour
– Congestion : When Volume Exceeds Capacity (Volume /Capacity > 1)
• A 50% Congestion Drop Needs 100% Capacity Increase
Tunnel For Roadway
Overhead Deck Costs !
Parallel Road
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Industrial Revolutions: Ver. 4.0
• Fourth Ind. Revolution > Emerging Technologies > Smart Cities & Mobility
• 21st Century Urban Life> 19th, 20th Century Infrastructure
• Elements > Data Analytics
> Internet of Things
> Artificial Intelligence
> Blockchain
> Robotics
> Quantum computing
> 3D-printing
• Conclusion > Entails Ground-Up Thinking
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Possible Solution
• Road Independent System
• Uses Vertical Spaces, Above Existing Rights-Of-Way
• Origin-Door To Destination-Door (Door To Door)
• Fail Safe All weather System
• Intuitive Unassisted Emergency Escape Capability
• Plug And Play Design
• Rapid Erection, With No Disruption
• Extendible Into Narrow Alleys
• Driver Less, Instant Cargo-Convertible
• ‘Ride’, Distinct From ‘Route’, Public Transit Design
• Platoon Braking, IoT Switching, Digital Token Priority
• Blockchain For Control & Accounting
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Engineering In The Natural World
Chilopoda , Diplopoda (Class):
– Centipedes (Image-C) & Millipedes (Image-D)
– Inflexible Outer Cover
– Articulated Segments
– Limb Pairs: Each Segment
– Capable Of 180Degree Turns (Image-C & D)
Image-C Image-D
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Engineering In The Natural World
Araneae (Order):
– Web-weaving Spiders
– Engineer Silk Webs (Image-A)
– Prey Many Times Heavier, Larger, Stronger
– Drag Lines: Allow Drifting, Descent & Ascent (Image-B)
Image (A) Image (B)
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AEROCAB D2D: A Biomimetic Design
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“
If at first the idea is not absurd,
then there is no hope for it.
”
~Albert Einstein
25

Advantages
• Best Of Drones, Helicopters, Cable Cars
• Economical Congestion Mitigation
• Ground-Up Design
• Mobility For Ageing Citizens In Smart Cities
• Independent Of: Pedestrians, Non- Compatible Vehicles
• Alternate Service For Road | Rail Transportation
• Existing Road-Furniture Fusible
• ‘Ride’ based Flexibility Than ‘Route’ based
• Quicker Change-over To EVs - Economies-of-scale
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Advantages
• Dis-aggregation Of Public Transit
• Reduced Commuter Congregation
• Enhanced Safety Of Distributed Commuters
• Reduced Infrastructure – Stations| Depots| Hubs
• Deflated Parking Issues
• Reduced Traffic Offenses And Litigation
• Flood Resilience For A Coastal City
• Savings To Insurance Servicing
• New Jobs From Regulated Battery-Pack Handling
• Leverage For Robust ‘Mobility Regulations’ Mechanism
27

Applications
• Last Mile Connectivity | Mutually Exclusive Installation
– Residential: Ageing , Physically Challenged Mobility
– Campus: Green Technology Smart Mobility Demonstrator
– Commercial : Parcel | Cargo
– Tourism: ‘No Touch’ Environmentally Sensitive Areas
• Smart Mobility | LMC Systems Interconnected
• Semi-Automatic | Land Coastal Border Patrol
• Semi-Automatic | Reserves Parks Hills Patrol
28

“
The secret of change is to focus all of your energy,
not on fighting the old,
but on building the new.
”
~ Socrates
29

Joint Development & Collaboration
• Discussions
– Joint Development (JD): Academic Institution | TDCO, Bengaluru
– Co-Partners: Government | Industry
• Legal Documentation
– Memorandum Of Understanding (MoU): (Collaboration)
– Contract Agreement (Contract): (Commercial Terms)
• Statement Of Work (SOW)
– Roles & Responsibilities: (Deliverables; Timelines)
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Sequential Approach (Months)
• Stakeholders Buy-in D
• Digital Simulation (Done Once; Repeat To Build Confidence) D+4
• White-Paper Report D+6
• Prototype: One KM ( Intersections | Forks ) D+18
• Pilot Last Mile Connectivity(LMC): Mixed Terrain D+24
• Assess Impact Pilot Area Public Transit Ridership D+36
• Roll Out Individual LMC For Middle Class Areas D+48
• Test Priority System Overlay >Inter-connect LMCs D+52
• Operationalize LMC Interconnections D+60
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Windscreen View To A Future
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References: AV Assessment
• SAE International Technical Paper:
– EPR2019004 of 20/12/2019 ( tinyurl.com/wnbg93g )
– EPR2019005 of 5/11/2019 ( tinyurl.com/rb5hg4u )
• McKinsey & Co Insights: ( tinyurl.com/yba9jtkd )
• Forbes Article ( tinyurl.com/vy3aq7w )
• Department of Homeland Security: ( tinyurl.com/ybn3bwb4 )
• The Atlantic ( tinyurl.com/y7wotq83 )
• Thompson Reuters ( tinyurl.com/vs2py9e )
• Scientific American ( tinyurl.com/yaf4qz59 )
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Thank You!
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Smart Cities And Traffic Congestion || Dealing With The Conundrum

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