By: Alejandro Mazo Ramírez
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
Facultad de Medicina. III semestre

Introduction
• Also known as hepatoma,
its the most common
type of primary liver
cancer. It is often
produced in people who
have long-term diseases
or bad habits, such as
hepatitis virus type B or
type C, being a long time
smoker, heavy drinking or
having cirrhosis.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hyperuricemia
Introduction
• Uric acid is the final
product of the purine
catabolism. When its levels
in blood are high enough,
aside from acidifying it, it
may denote other
metabolic syndromes.
• Previous studies have
proved that the serum uric
acid level can increase the
incidence rate and
mortality of malignant
tumors.

Objective
• Finding the mechanism of PDZK1
in hepatocellular carcinoma
complicated with hyperuricemia

Methods
Flow Cytometry Assay RT-PCR Analysis
In this study, single cells are rapidly
analized as they pass through
multiple lasers in a solution
It can determine characteristics of
certain cells or even identify tumor
markers
It is done to see if a certain genetic
sequence is present when the study
is done.
Here they are evaluating the
expression of a protein (PDZK1)

Methods
Western blot assay In Vivo Tumorigenesis
A sample of HCC was taken, and after
some processing it was transplanted
into mices with hiperuricemia. After
sacrificing them a sample of tumor
tissue was taken.
This technique is used to detect a
specific protein in a sample (blood
or tissue are commonly used)
It is used gel electrophoresis to
separate proteins according to their
molecular weight.

Results

Results

Discussion
Author What they said Agree/Disagree
M. Chen, X. Lu, C. Lu et
al [35]
In our study, the mRNA
expression of PDZK1 was
signifcantly increased after HCC
after diferent concentrations of
soluble uric acid treatment
Agree
I. Andia and E. Rubio-
Azpeitia [36]
On the other hand, the
interaction between urate
crystals and immune cells can
enhance immunosuppression
and promote angiogenesis
Agree
S. Vadakedath and V.
Kandi[38–40]
Regulatory PDZK1 expression
can afect the proliferation,
migration, and apoptosis of
HCC; uric acid may cause tumor
immune response. It suggests
that PDZK1 may be related to
tumor immunity
Agree

• With the use of molecular
biology new interactions
between different diseases
are being found, resulting in
new treatments never
thought to be found before
Conclusions
• The understanding of the
different impacts that proteins
have in the organism allow the
emergence of new approachs to
various diseases