Energy Transition in Japan

JAPAN ENERGIEWENDE (Energy Transition in Japan)JAPAN ENERGIEWENDE (Energy Transition in Japan)
Md Al-BeruniMd Al-Beruni
Habib FernandezHabib Fernandez
FH Aachen
Masters in
Energy Science
© FH Aachen # Al-Beruni and Habib Fernandez # Energy Transition in Japan
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………………………………….Overview……………………………………..
v What is Energy Transition
v General information : Japan
v Energy mix in Japan
v Oil Price and Electricity cost
v Fukoshima disaster and aftermath.
v Energy gap in Japan
v Energy import by Japan
v Restarting Nuclear plants
v Japan and Renewable Energy
v Future Energy in Japan
v Use of efficient appliances
v General awareness by people
v Conclusion.

Energiewende or Energy Transition
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A particularly significant set of changes to the pattern of energy use in a society.
or in other way we can say
A long term structural change in Energy System.

Energiewende or Energy Transition
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Canada’s old heating furnace
used in 1970 was 50%
efficient on the contrary the
present furnace has around
90% efficiency. Both run by
natural Gas.
Uses of efficient technologies and appliances over the decades also represents energy
transition of a society. Below figure illustrates 40% save of natural gas over 40 years !

Japan's General Information
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Ø Population 126.4 million (2014)
Ø Area 377,864 sq km (145,894 sq
miles)
Ø 3rd world Largest Economy
Ø 4th world rank Exporter
Ø ca. 2000 earthquakes per year
Ø Natural Resources : 3rd Geothermal
Resource

Timeline of Japan's Energy Mix
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The term Energy Mix energy refers to how final energy consumption in a given
geographical region breaks down by primary energy source.

Grid Summary
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Historical Oil price in USD/Barrel
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Levelised Cost of Electricity in Japan for the main energy sources
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Source: Berraho (2012)
Levelized Cost = Net Cost to install an energy system divided by its expected life-time
energy output. Unit euro per MWh.

Fukushima disaster in 2011
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On March 11th 2011 the worst
earthquake struck in Japan and
triggered a massive tsunami.
The Fukushima Nuclear power plant,
which is beside the pacific ocean
coast, underwent serious damaged.
The piping facility, external power
supply and backup power destroyed.
The core melt down and radio active
material found outside the main
building.
The amount of radioactive materials
released into the air were 770,000
tera Bq(Becquerel) until beginning of
Apr.11,2011, and still going on with
high risk.

Fukushima disaster's impact to Environment
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Energy Mix in Japan Before and After Fukoshima disaster
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Energy Gap in Japan
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Correlation to Energy Import
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With its 55 nuclear reactors currently offline in answer to the devastating earthquake and tsunami
it suffered in March 2011, Japan has been forced to import more expensive alternative fuels to
meet the energy demand.

Economy post Fukushima disaster
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Restarting of Nuclear Reactor !!
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All Japan's nuclear plants were gradually shut down
after a series of meltdowns at the Fukushima plant
sparked by the tsunami and earthquake.
Japan has restarted its first nuclear reactor under
new safety rules following the 2011 Fukushima
disaster.
But after passing stringent new safety tests, Kyushu
Electric Power restarted the number one reactor at
its Sendai plant on August 11, 2015.
There is still strong public unease about a return to
nuclear power.
Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) said the new
safety checks meant there would be no repeat of
the Fukushima catastrophe.

Japan and Renewable Energy
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1. Hydroelectricity (Largest share
in renewable energy)
2. Geothermal (18 Active plants
in operation)
3. Photovoltaic
4. Wind (Onshore and offshore)
5. Waste Bio-mass fuel.
(Municipal waste and
Biomass fuel)
6. Ocean Energy (Just began in
2013)
7.
8.
9.
Solar Powered Agriculture in Fukosima.
Japan plants to spend nearly 500 billion US $ on renewables in coming two decades. Currently
renewable contributes only 10% of the total energy contribution in Japan.

World’s largest floating wind turbine
unveiled in Fukushima
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Japan officially unveiled its 7 megawatt (MW)
wind turbine on 24 June 2015, the world’s
largest offshore turbine to date. It is slated to
be operational by September.
The new turbine, which will tower 220 meters
[715 feet] above the sea, will transmit
electricity to the grid via submarine cable,
according to The Japan Times.
Durability: These turbines and anchors are
designed to withstand 65-foot waves. When a
large wave hits the turbine in any direction it
moves freely due to loose chain connecting to
the sea bed !

Feed-in tariff Scheme in Japan
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This Is a policy mechanism designed to
accelerate investment in renewable energy
technologies.
Typically includes three key provisions
FITs typically include three key provisions:
1. Guaranteed grid access.
2. long-term contracts.
3. Cost-based purchase prices.
Japan’s Feed-in Tariff Kicks off Explosive
Renewables Growth
Making the country one of the worlds fastest
growing uses of Solar energy.
This has attracted new business investment
companies.

Future Energy in Japan
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2015 Renewable Energy Exhibition Yokohama, Japan
Products, technologies, services, peripherals and information that contribute to conservation
of the global environment and biodiversity are welcome in all fields of energy and the
environment.
1. Photovoltaic
2. Solar Tharmal Application
3. Innovative Bio climatic architecture.
4. Wind Energy
5. Biomass utilization and conversion
6. Hydrogen and Fuel cell
7. Ocean Energy
8. Geothermal Energy
9. Energy network and Power Electronic
10. Energy conservation and heat pump
11. Small hydro and non conventional energy.

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Japan's hydrogen highway
Japan looks to hydrogen as main energy source in future. Japan's hydrogen highway is a
network of hydrogen filling stations placed along roadsides that provide fuel for
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

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The new eco-friendly gadget is dubbed Wind Lens, as it uses offshore’s wind to turn the wind
turbines for electricity.
v It concentrates winds like
as lens concentrates
lights.
v In Japan exclusively wind
lens are researched in
Kyushu University.
v This is quiet can provide 2-
3 times more energy
compared to present
wind turbine.
Wind lens and offshore wind lens farm

Use of Energy Efficient Appliance
in Japan
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Energy efficiency is the goal to reduce the amount of energy of energy required to
provide products and service. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are said to be
the twin pillars of the sustainable energy policy.
Japan is coming up with lots of innovative eco-friendly designs.
1. Eco Friendly Buildings
2. Fuel cell cars.
3. Smart household appliances.

in Japan
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Energy Efficient Buildings Honda’s Energy Efficient Home

in Japan
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Green Roofed University Building Small House Design Innovation

in Japan
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Estimated Consequences of Household
Electricity Conservation Your Fridge Just Texed !!

Energy saving by awareness and
Behavioral Changes
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Climate change Policy and Practice
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COP 21, Japan :
1. Low Carbon energy.
2. Renewable Energy sources on large scale
3.Much more serious energy
Japan is the 47th Party to formally submit its intended nationally determined contribution
(INDC), which sets out a reduction target of 26% by fiscal year (FY) 2030 compared to FY 2013
(a 25.4% reduction compared to FY 2005)
The US-Japan Joint Vision Statement, issued on 28 April 2015 in Washington D.C.
“building a partnership that addresses global challenges” and aims to: address climate and
environmental degradation that are among “the greatest threats facing humanity;” deliver
secure, affordable, sustainable and safe energy; eradicate poverty and achieving sustainable
development; and promote human security.
Agreed to cooperation in research and development (R&D), carbon capture and storage
(CCS), and clean and efficient energy development and deployment.

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1. Japan's energy transition process is one of the complex energy transitions in the
world.
2. Fukushima disaster provide it a dramatic turn.
3. The country must produce huge energy to feed its industries.
4. Introduction of renewable is a bit late but rapidly increasing with outstanding
innovations.
5. The country situates one of the most vulnerable position of earth. This demands
much cost to implement an energy company compared to other part of the world.
6. Restarting of nuclear plant is mostly derived by composite political decisions.
7. Last but not the least, Japan has enough experience and technical know how to face
future energy demand with clean energy !

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1. http://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis_includes/countries_long/Japan/japan.pdf (timeline of japan energy mix)
2. http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/energy-issues/japan/index.shtml (grid summary)
3. http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2012system/ttrack314848.pdf (historical oil price chart)
4. https://www.hertie-school.org/the-governance-post/2015/11/japanese-energy-transition/ (LC Japan Energy)
5. http://www.noaa.gov/features/03_protecting/japantsunami_oneyearlater.html (Fukushima disaster)
6. http://www.arcticgas.gov/what-ifs-cloud-asia-lng-demand-forecasts (Energy mix japan before and after Fukushima)
7. http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/how-japan-replaced-half-its-nuclear-capacity-with-efficiency (Energy gap
in Japan)
8. http://www.realclearenergy.org/charticles/2014/02/10/japan_lng_imports_jump_as_nuclear_plummets_107511.html
(correlation to energy import)
9. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/japan/balance-of-trade (Japan trade balance)
10. Oil and gas 360 magazine. June 23, 2014. LNG import japan.
11. Boston University, THE PARDEE PAPERS / No. 12/ November 2010
12. http://www.renewableenergy.jp/2014/english/
13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25bmXpEPosc
14. http://ourfiniteworld.com/2012/03/12/world-energy-consumption-since-1820-in-charts/
15. http://www.stlouishonda.com/blog/2012/may/10/honda-demonstrates-energy-efficient-home-design-in-japan.htm
16. http://web-japan.org/trends/11_tech-life/tec120806.html
17. Japan's Feed-in Tariff Scheme and Its Grid Connection Issues, in Comparison with Germany’s Asami Takehama Professor
of Sociology Ritsumeikan University
18. http://unfccc.int/meetings/paris_nov_2015/meeting/8926.php

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