4. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
Software tools have simplified the analysis and design
Engineering Concepts behind the software functionality
Understand the basic assumptions and considerations
made during the software development
Software tool selection based on the project requirements
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12. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
Built-up sections
A built-up beam is also known as compound beam. The strength of rolled steel beams is
increased by adding plates to its flange which is one of the methods of forming built-
in section.
Built-up columns are widely used in steel construction, especially when the effective
lengths are great and the compression forces light. They are composed of two or more
parallel main components interconnected by lacing or batten plates
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Lacing/ Bracings
Lacing/ Bracings
Lacing/ Bracings
Lacing/ Bracings
Lac e s & Batten
22. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
Designing structures to resist seismic loads is probably the most challenging area
of structural engineering. The magnitude of the forces generated by an
earthquake is the largest that a building is likely to experience.
Earthquakes are destructive, unpredictable, and difficult to characterize.
Earthquakes cause tremendous damage to life and infrastructure.
Analysis capabilities then offer advanced nonlinear methods for characterization
of static-pushover and dynamic response. Dynamic considerations may
include modal, response-spectrum, or time-history analysis. P-delta effect
account for geometric nonlinearity.
Design and detail structures to resist earthquake forces perform ground response
analysis to predict ground surface motions for development of design response
spectra, structural systems and structural modeling of high-rise buildings.
Seismic analysis
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23. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
Advance tools - multiple analysis simultaneously
1st & 2nd order linear
1st & 2nd order non-linear
1st order vibration
2nd order buckling
FE chase-down
Grillage chase-down
Semi-rigid & rigid diaphragms
Response Spectrum Analysis
P Delta Analysis
Equivalent Static Analysis
Linear Dynamic Analysis
Pushover Analysis
Construction Stage Analysis
Time History Analysis
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25. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
Steel Design to IS 800 : 2007
Steel Design to IS 800 : 2007
– Columns, beams, braces, trusses
– Limit State Method (LSM) and
– Working Stress Method (WSM)
Built in Indian steel section library
– Including compound sections
31. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
Pad and Strip Footing Design
Design codes
Pad Bases under columns
Strip Bases under walls
Group design of bases
Auto-design of
– Size
– Depth
– Bottom reinforcement
33. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
Piled Mat Foundations
Piles can be placed on any incline
The analysis of piled mat
foundations is integral with the
overall model analysis
Piled mats can also be designed
considering RSA forces developed
in the frame
47. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
Steel connection design softwares are available for all types of welded
and bolted connections, base plates, footings and anchoring.
• Intuitive design of simple and even highly complex connections
• Pass/fail results for any connection, based on various codes
• Easy application of any required loading to the project
• Complete report including stiffness, seismicity and buckling
Steel Connection design
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55. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
BIM model essentially facilitates collaboration between the
architect and the structural engineer. Nowadays a 3D model
prepared by an architect can be relatively easily and quickly
converted to the analytical model for structural analysis.
In a few simple steps a structural engineer can obtain the
stresses or deflections and proceed with detailed checking of
code requirements.
Design to fabrication and construction
BIM Current practise
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58. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
BIM Tools openBIM is a collaborative process that is
inclusive of all participants, promoting
interoperability to benefit projects and
assets throughout their lifecycle. It is based
on open standards and workflows that
allow different stakeholders to share their
data with any BIM compatible software.
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70. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
Virtual Reality (VR) : Virtual reality essentially means immersing yourself in the
digital content. So, if you see people wearing the goggles that they put on their faces,
you remove the context around you and you immerse yourself inside the technical
or the digital world that you've created."
Augmented reality (AR) : "Augmented reality is creating essentially a digital window.
So, you take the mobile device like a tablet or a mobile phone and use it as this
digital window that you look through. You see the digital content is overlaid on the
physical surroundings that you're standing in."
Mixed reality (MR) : Combines both virtual and augmented reality. Here you're
wearing a headset device again. In this case, however, you're being immersed in the
digital content, still aware of your physical surroundings so that you can interact with
both physical and digital objects at the same time. All those different technologies
can be applied to communicate and collaborate around the construction site."
VR, AR and MR technologies will have the
biggest impact on construction
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72. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
Perpetual
– A perpetual license allows end users to use the software for as long as
the end user complies with all terms of the license agreement.
– Yearly software maintenance fee is a fee that a customer who has
purchased a perpetual license to a software application can choose to
additionally purchase in order to gain access to all of the fixes, patches
and minor feature enhancements for a particular major version of the
application they have licensed.
Subscription
– Subscription-based software relates to a monthly or annual licensing
model, allowing users to pay a per user fee. Customers typically pay an
initial subscription upfront and are entitled to use the software only during
the subscription term
– subscription software includes all of the maintenance, upgrades, and
technical support
Software tools Licensing options
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74. STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING
SERIES
(SES)
The computational efficiency of all the software tools are more or less parallel
For Structures which have a very large number of members and irregularities, the computational
procedure takes more time
In the design results, there will be nominal difference in the area of reinforcement steel
Engineers use BIM to determine structural loads or the requirements for the design. Features of BIM-
like automated assembly and digital production are used by engineers to process manufacturing
information and coordinate the sequence of different systems with fabricators and subcontractors
Industry is moving towards automation and there are many benefits seen by using software tools
such as improved turnaround in bidding, engineering, manufacturing and execution
The software selection is usually based on the project requirements and can be easily adapted to
based on the user’s technical expertise
Day by day the technology is advancing at a fast pace which requires us to leave behind the age old
practises and embrace the new technology. Early adapters will reap the benefits and be able to work
on global projects.
Civil and Structural Engineering Students will also gain from this new technology since there is a
huge demand for the skills like Building Information Modeling BIM
Key points
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