cardiovascular changes in elderly

1. CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM CHANGES IN
ELDERLY
Presented by
Mr.Bijaya Raj Basaula
3rd year bsc

2. HUMAN HEART

3. INTRODUCTION
The cardiovascular system is the
transport system of the body. It comprises
Heart, Blood & Blood Vessels. The system
supplies Nutrients and remove waste
products from various tissue of the body.
There are so many changes occurs in
cardiovascular system during Aging.

4.  The cardiovascular system is responsible
for transporting nutrients and removing
gaseous waste from the body.
 This system is comprised of the heart and
the cardiovascular system.structures of
cardiovascular system includes the
heart,blood,and blood vessels.
DEFINITION

5. ANATOMY OF CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
 The cardiovascular system is sometime
called the blood vascular or simply the
circulatory system.It consists of the
heart, which is a muscular pumping
device and a closed system of vessels
called arteries,veins and capillaries.

6. PHYSIOLOGY OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
 The human cardiovascular system is
composed of heart which pumps blood
through a closed system of blood vessels.
 The heart is composed mostly of cardiac
muscle or myocardium.
 It’s primary function is to transport
nutrients,water,gases,waste,and chemical
signal

7. BIOLOGICAL CHANGES
 Decreased Physical system demands & the
activity of heart
 Slower heart rate and Reduce cardiac output
 Decreased contractility
 Impaired coronary artery blood flowless oxygen
& blood supply to the organ so that it affects
the function of organ
 Increased artheroscelorotic plaques & blood
pressure
 Diminished ability to respond to stress

8. • COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS
1.HYPERTENSION
2.ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE
3.PERIPHERAL HEART DISEASE
4.HEART FAILURE
5.STROKE ATTACK

9. *HYPERTENSION
 Hypertension is sustained elevation of
BP
 Systolic BP >140 mmhg
 Diastolic BP>90mmhg
 ✓RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION
 Family history
 Obesity
 Alcohol
 Age(>55 for men & >65 for women)
 Diabetes mellitus
 Elevated serum lipid
 Socioeconomic status

10. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiological factor
|
Increased peripheral resistance
|
Decreased venuous compliance
|
Increased venous return & cardiac preload
|
Heart dysfunction

11. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

12. Contd.....
 Severe headache
 Blurred vision
 Dizziness
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Fatigue
 Confusion
 Chest pain

13. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History collection
 Physical examination
 Medical history of diabetes mellitus
 Chest x-ray
 Ecg

14. *ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE
 It is also known as
coronary Artery Disease
(CAD)
 Ischemic Heart Failure is
a condition in which
there is inadequate
supply of blood and
oxygen to the
myocardium of the
patient

15. RISK FACTORS
 •Non-modifiable • Modifiable
 -Age. -smoking
 -family history -Diabetes mellitus
 -sex. -Hyperlipidemia

16. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
 Pain in the chest
 Indigestion and Nausea
 Light headedness
 Sweating
 Shortness of breathe

17. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 Electrocardiogram(ECG)
 Biochemical markers
 Chest x-ray
 Echocardiogram
 stress test
 Coronary angiogram

18. *HEART FAILURE
 Heart failure is
the condition in
which heart fails
to pump the
blood.
 Heart failure can
occur if the
heart Cannot
pump(systolic) of
fill(distolic)
adequately.

19. CAUSES
1. High Bp
2. Valve disease
3. Kidney disease
4. Stress
5. Any heart defects present at birth

20. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

21. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 Blood test
 ECG
 BNP(Brain natriuretic peptide)
 PET(positron emission tomography)
 Cardiac Echo

22. TREATMENT OF
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
*PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT
•Beta blockers =carvedilol,metoprolol
•Blood thinning med=Heparin,warfarin
•Angiotensin converting enzyme Inhibitors
=captropril,Enalapril
•Calcium channel blockers=Amlodipine
•Diuretics=Lasix
*SURGICAL TREATMENT
••coronary artery bypass surgery

23. Medications
Surgery

24. CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING
MANAGEMENT
 Monitor vital signs and saturation as
indicated
 Assess respiratory status and auscultate
lung Sounds atleast every four hours
 Administer supplement oxygen as per need
 Provide comfortable position with head
elevated for reducing work of breathing
 Provide comfort device to assist the Activity
Of Daily Living(ADLS)

25.  Monitor Intake and output
 Encourage small and frequent meal
avoiding the oily&spices
 Provide peace and calm environment
 Provide milk to induce sleep
 Administer medications as per doctor’s
prescription
 Provide psychological support
 Give health education to the family
members
Contd....

26. CONCLUSION
 As we all are well known that Cardiovascular
diseases causes a high range of mortality in
the Elderly peoples.Age is one of the most
common cause of cardiovascular
changes.Thats why preventive measures
should be followed including healthy
diet,yoga and meditation,free from stress
and anxiety as well as early diagnosis and
treatment.