Centrifugal filtration Filtration Pressure filtration Process filtration Vacuum filtraton Separation

1. Filtration
Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute)
• Presented by:
• Ajay Kumar (0181PCH004)
• Under the guidance of
• Ms. Chandana Majee

2. FILTRATION
• Filtration is a unit operation
defined as the process in
which particles are
separated from a liquid by
passing the liquid through a
permeable material.
• The permeable medium is a
porous material that
separates particles from the
liquid passing through it and
is known as a filter.
• Solids are deposited or
entrapped.

3. CONTENTS
• Definition of Filtration
• Theory of Filtration
• Pressure Filtration
• Vacuum Filtration
• Centrifugal Filtration

4. THEORY OF FILTRATION
• The mathematical models for flow through a porous medium,
cake filtration, and granular bed filtration may differ, but all
follow this basic rule. The energy lost in filtration is
proportional to the rate of flow per unit area.
• The flow of liquid through a filter follows the basic rules that
govern flow of any liquid through a medium offering
resistance. The rate of flow may be expressed as:
Rate = Driving force
Resistance

5. PRESSURE FILTRATION
• This process is owing to the difficulty in removing the
cake they are mechanically complex and expensive.
• The filtration rate is influenced by properties of the
slurry.
• The rate goes up with increased pressure.

6. PLATE AND FRAME FILTER PRESS
• Simplest of all pressure filters.
• Most widely used press.
• Used for a high degree of clarification of the fluid.
• When clarity is the main objective, a “batch” mode of
operation is applied.
• As the name implies, the plate and frame filter press is an
assembly of hollow frames and solid plates that support
filter media.

8. Advantages
• High solids content cake.
• Can dewater hard-to-dewater sludges.
• Very high solids capture.
• Only mechanical device capable of producing a cake dry enough
to meet landfill requirements in some locations.
Disadvantages
• Large quantities of inorganic conditioning chemicals are
commonly used.
• High capital cost, especially for variable-volume filter presses.
• Replacement of the media is time consuming.

9. VACUUM FILTRATION
• Employed on a large scale.
• Rarely used for the collection of crystalline precipitates
or sterile filtration.
• Simple and reliable machines, and therefore have gained
wide acceptance in the chemical, food and
pharmaceutical industries.

10. ROTARY DRUM FILTER
• This is divided into sections, each connected to a discharge
head.
• Each filter unit is rectangular in shape.
• Each unit has a perforated metal surface and is covered with
filter cloth.

12. Advantages
• Developed to overcome large problem of filter press and leaf
filter. It is very versatile filter.
• It is used generally for those operation in which the volume is
very large.
• It is used where colloidal particles.
• It is used for production of wallboard from gypsum.
Disadvantages
• It can not be used for mixture of colloidal and course particles.
• It must be used continuously.

13. CENTRIFUGAL FILTRATION
• General class of solids recovery devices.
• Centrifugal force is used to affect the passage of the
liquid through the filter medium.
• This type of filtration is particularly advantageous when
very fine particles are involved.

14. PERFORATED BASKET
• The device consists of a perforated metal basket mounted
on a vertical axis.
• Rotation speed 20 to 25 revolutions per second.

16. Advantages
• Centrifuges have a clean appearance and have little to no
odor problems.
• Not only is the device easy to install and fast at starting
up and shutting down, but also only requires a small area
for operation.
• They can be selected for different applications.
• The device is simple to operate.
• Centrifuge has more process flexibility and higher levels
of performance.

17. Disadvantages
• The machine can be very noisy and can cause vibration.
• The device has a high-energy consumption due to high
G-forces.
• High initial capital costs.

18. REFERENCE
• Lachman/Lieberman’s; 2013; The Theory and Practice of
Industrial Pharmacy ; Fourth edition; CBS Publishers &
Distributors Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi; pp 108-134.
• Google (Images).
Thankyou!