3. C o u rs e O b je c tiv e
- B y th e e n d o f th is c o u rs e y o u w ill h a v e g a in e d
th e b a s ic s k ills a n d k n o w le d g e to d e m o n s tra te
th a t y o u c a n w o rk a s a n E m e r g e n c y F irs t
A id e r in th e w o rk p la c e
- T h e s e s k ills a n d k n o w le d g e w ill b e b ro k e n
d o w n in to s m a lle r o b je c tiv e s th ro u g h o u t th e
day.
- T h e q u a lific a tio n y o u w ill b e w o rk in g to w a rd
is th e ‘E m e r g e n c y F ir s t A id a t W o r k ’
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 2
4. T h e P rio ritie s o f F irs t A id a re …
A IR W A Y
L IF E
B R E A T H IN G C IR C U L A T IO N
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 6
5.
6. P rim a ry S u rv e y
• D anger
• R e s p o n s e -” H e lp !!”
• A irw a y
• B re a th in g
• C irc u la tio n
• C o n tro l b le e d in g
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 7
7. A irw a y
In s p e c t-c le a r-o p e n
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 8
8. B re a th in g
• L o o k lis te n a n d fe e l fo r a m a x im u m o f
1 0 s e c o n d s fo r n o rm a l b re a th in g
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 9
9. C irc u la tio n
• If n o rm a l b re a th in g is p re s e n t c irc u la tio n is
a ls o p re s e n t
• C h e c k fo r a n d c o n tro l m a jo r b le e d in g
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 10
10. T h e S e c o n d a ry S u rv e y
• T h e s e c o n d a ry s u rv e y c o n s is ts o f:
– A m o re d e ta ile d e x a m in a tio n o f th e c a s u a lty
– M a k in g a d ia g n o s is v ia :
• H is to r y a n d E x te r n a l c lu e s
• S ig n s
• S y m p to m s
– T re a tin g w h a t y o u fin d
– T h e re c o v e ry p o s itio n
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 11
11. H is to ry a n d E x te rn a l C lu e s
• H is to r y :-
– T h e a m o u n t o f fo rc e in v o lv e d
– C a s u a ltie s a g e a n d s ta te o f h e a lth
– T h e e n v iro n m e n t
– A re th e y s u ffe rin g fro m a n y illn e s s e s
• E x te r n a l c lu e s :-
– W a rn in g b ra c e le ts
– M e d ic in e s /in h a le rs
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 12
12. S ig n s
• W h a t y o u c a n s e e , fe e l, h e a r o r s m e ll:-
– B le e d in g
– B ru is in g
– S w e llin g
– D e fo rm ity
– V o m it
– N o is y b re a th in g
– A lc o h o l
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 13
13. S y m p to m s
12
• W h a t th e c a s u a lty c a n te ll y o u :-
– P a in
10
– L o s s o f s e n s a tio n
8
– D iz z in e s s
Column 1
6 – N ausea Column 2
Column 3
– L oss of m ovem ent
4
– F a in tn e s s
2
– A n x ie ty
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 14
0
Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4
14. T h e R e c o v e ry P o s itio n
• U se d fo r a n
u n c o n s c io u s c a s u a lty
w h o is b re a th in g
It:-
– P re v e n ts th e to n g u e
fro m b lo c k in g th e
th ro a t
– A id s d ra in a g e
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 15
15. B a s ic L ife S u p p o rt
C a rd io p u lm o n a ry R e s u s c ita tio n
( C .P .R )
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 1
16. What Are The Requirements?
● The First Aid at Work Training Course and
Emergency First Aid at Work courses are the
only recognised way to achieve compliance in
the workplace, in
Stockport, Liverpool and Manchester
17.
18. C A R D IA C A R R E S T
R e la tio n s h ip b e tw e e n
100 S u rv iv a l R a te & T im e to
D e fib rilla tio n .
80
%
60
D is c h a rg e d
40
A liv e
20
0
0 5 10 15 20
M in u te s to D e fib rilla tio n
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 3
19. C h e s t C o m p re s s io n s
• R a te = 1 0 0 -1 2 0 P e r m in u te
• D e p th = 5 -6 c m
• R a tio = 3 0 C o m p re s s io n s
/2 V e n tila tio n s
• N o te -if d o n e 1 0 0 % c o rre c tly th is o n ly
p ro v id e s a m a x im u m o f 3 0 % n o rm a l
c a rd ia c o u tp u t
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 5
20. F in a l T h o u g h ts
• I f y o u s ta r t C .P .R th e p a tie n t m a y , o r m a y
n o t, b e s u c c e s s fu lly re s u s c ita te d . If y o u d o
n o t s ta rt th e ir c h a n c e o f s u rv iv a l w ill
d im in is h b y 2 0 % p e r m in u te
• D o n ’ t le t y o u r C .P .R s k ills g e t r u s ty - a
frie n d s life m a y d e p e n d o n th e m
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 7
23. T e c h n iq u e s to R e lie v e C h o k in g
• F in g e r s w e e p
• C o u g h in g
• B a c k s la p s
• A b d o m in a l th ru s ts
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 10
24. F in g e r S w e e p
• U s e d to c le a r th e a irw a y m a n u a lly
• D o n o t fo rc e th e fo re ig n b o d y fu rth e r d o w n
th e a irw a y
• O n ly g o a s fa r a s y o u c a n s e e
• O n ly u s e y o u r fin g e rs
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 11
25. C o u g h in g
• M o s t e ffe c tiv e w a y if th e a irw a y is p a rtia lly
b lo c k e d
• C a lm th e c a s u a lty d o w n
• A s k th e m to c o u g h
• D o n ’t c o n tin u e a s k in g if th e y c a n n o t e x p e l
th e fo re ig n b o d y
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 12
26. B a c k B lo w s
• U s e d to c re a te a n
a rtific ia l c o u g h
• D e liv e re d b e tw e e n th e
s h o u ld e r b la d e s w ith
th e fla t o f y o u r h a n d
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 13
27. A b d o m in a l T h ru s ts
• U s e d if th e p a tie n t
d e v e lo p s p o o r a ir
e x c h a n g e o r if th e a irw a y
is c o m p le te ly b lo c k e d
• P u rp o s e is to c re a te a n
a rtific ia l c o u g h
• A b d o m in a l th ru s ts c a n b e
p e rfo rm e d w h ils t v ic tim is
s ittin g , s ta n d in g o r la y in g
dow n
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 14
28. U n c o n s c io u s n e s s
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 1
29. C au ses
• S S tro k e
• F F a in tin g
• H H e a rt a tta c k
• I In to x ic a tio n
• A A s p h y x ia /A s th m a
• S Shock
• P P o is o n in g
• H H e a d in ju ry
• E E p ile p s y
• D D ia b e te s
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 3
30. H e a d In ju rie s
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 4
31. C o n c u s s io n
• R e s u lts fro m th e b ra in
b e in g s h a k e n
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 6
32. C o n c u s s io n
• S ig n s a n d s y m p to m s :-
– U n c o n s c io u s fo r a s h o rt p e rio d
– M e m o ry lo s s
– D iz z in e s s o r n a u s e a
• T re a tm e n t:-
– A .B .C ’ s a n d m o n ito r
– If re c o v e re d w ith in 3 m in u te s w a tc h c lo s e ly , if
n o t s e e k m e d ic a l h e lp
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 7
33. C o m p re s s io n
• B ru is in g o r b le e d in g
in to th e c ra n ia l c a v ity
c a u s in g a n in c re a s e o f
p re s s u re o n th e b ra in
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 8
34. C o m p re s s io n
• S ig n s a n d S y m p to m s :-
– D e te rio ra tin g le v e l o f re s p o n s e
– A p p a re n t fu ll re c o v e ry fo llo w e d b y a
d e te rio ra tio n
– U n e q u a l p u p ils /w e a k n e s s o n o n e s id e
– S lo w /fu ll p u ls e
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 10
35. T re a tm e n t o f C o m p re s s io n
• C o n s c io u s :-
– S u p p o rt in a c o m fo rta b le p o s itio n
– M o n ito r
– S e e k u rg e n t m e d ic a l h e lp
• U n c o n s c io u s :-
– A .B .C ’ s
– R e c o v e ry p o s itio n ?
– M o n ito r
– S e e k u rg e n t m e d ic a l h e lp
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 12
36. S tro k e
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 13
37. S tro k e
• W h a t?
– D is ru p tio n o f b lo o d
flo w to th e b ra in
– C a u s e d b y a c lo t o r
b le e d
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 14
38. S tro k e
• S ig n s a n d s y m p to m s :-
– H eadache
– C o n fu s io n
– W e a k n e s s /p a ra ly s is
– S p e e c h p ro b le m s
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 15
39. H e a rt C o n d itio n s
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 17
40. T h e C o ro n a ry A rte rie s
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 18
41. A n g in a
• S u p p ly o f o x y g e n is
in s u ffic ie n t
• N o rm a lly c a u s e d b y a
n a rro w in g o f th e
a rte rie s
• U s u a lly o c c u rs o n
e x e rtio n o r s tre s s
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 20
42. S ig n s a n d S y m p to m s
• C h e s t p a in (c ra m p /in d ig e s tio n )
• S h o rtn e s s o f b re a th
• S w e a tin g / n a u s e a
• In c re a s e d p u ls e ra te
• F e e lin g o f w e a k n e s s
• A n x ie ty
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 21
43. H e a rt A tta c k
• O c c u rs w h e n a p o rtio n o f th e c a rd ia c
m u s c le is d e p riv e d o f o x y g e n a n d d ie s
• T h e la rg e r th e b lo c k a g e , th e la rg e r th e
a tta c k
• P o s s ib le c a u s e s in c lu d e :-
– E m b o lis m
– B lo o d c lo t
– S pasm of a vessel
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e ra tio n s 23
44. S ig n s a n d S y m p to m s
• A p e rs is te n t c ru s h in g /v ic e lik e c e n tra l c h e s t p a in -
m a y ra d ia te to th e ja w /a rm s
• A s h e n s k in (s w e a tin g )
• R a p id , w e a k , irre g u la r p u ls e
• R a p id b re a th in g
• F a in tn e s s o r g id d in e s s
• S e n s e o f im p e n d in g d o o m
• N o t re lie v e d b y G T N
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 19
45. A s th m a
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 25
46.
47. A s th m a
• W h a t?
– “ R e v e rs ib le a irw a y
o b s tru c tio n ”
• S ig n s :-
– D iffic u lty b re a th in g
– W h e e z in g
– T ig h t c h e s t
• T re a tm e n t::-
– H e lp s e lf-m e d ic a te
– R e st a n d re a ssu re
– S e e k m e d ic a l h e lp
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 26
48. E p ile p s y
V e r s io n 1 .0 a .i.d tr a in in g & o p e r a tio n s 27
49. E p ile p s y
• W h a t? • T re a tm e n t:-
– D is tu rb a n c e o f th e – P ro te c t fro m fu rth e r h a rm
b ra in ’s n o rm a l a c tiv ity – L o o s e n c lo th in g
– K e e p p e o p le a w a y
• W hy? – E n c o u ra g e to a tte n d
– H e a d in ju ry h o s p ita l
– D is e a s e • D o n o t:-
– L ack of oxygen – U se fo rc e
– P u t a n y th in g in th e m o u th
– S o m e p o is o n s
– 6 0 % a re u n k n o w n
V e r s io n 1 .0 28
Notas do Editor
ATTENDANCE REGISTER
Hand out attendance register, pro forma etc
Not teaching u to be Paramedic. Dont know all bones in body or terminology Pragmatic – logical – Must be capable at the end, not theoretical. Confidant. Acronyms - “my training kicked in”. DRAB, AVPU, RICE, FISH SHAPED LEGAL REQUIREMENT OF 6 HOURS!! FOR YOUR FAMILY
Explain breathing, heart pump, airway. IN WORST CASE SCENARIO, WE NEED TO GET THESE ALL WORKING. WHAT IS WORST CASE SCENARIO??
VIDEO of SPAR RESUS - EFAW designed for employees. DUTY OF CARE THOUGH!! Next slide is PRIMARY SURVEY Q HOW TO TELL IF PATIENT UNCONSCIOUS OR NEEDS CPR????
EXPLAIN EACH DRABC ON WHITE BOARD
HOW MANY TIME DO WE BREATH A MINUTE?? 12 - 20
So, if no breathing, assume no heartbeat, therefore CPR. Primary survey now sorted – but keep checking! ME DO DEMO OF PRIMARY STUDENTS DO DEMO
Beware – ask permission if conscious. Implied consent if unconscious!! Q HX? – what happened, force, age, environment Q Ext clues? – med alert bracelet, asthma pump, epipen, insulin Q Signs – see, feel, hear, smell Q Symptoms – pain, fain, dizzy etc Recovery position – tongue, drainage EXPLAIN SECONDARY DEMOSecondary & RECOVERY. Volunteer. GLOVES!! Pria pism.
Drainage? No longer than 30 minutes. STUDENTS DO DEMO
When would you do this? Manually pump blood through heart – needs O2 though! Unlikely to restart heart – merely delaying tissue death – need AED. Brain death occurs at about 5 minutes without o2.
NIPPLES TEND TO BE AFFECTED BY GRAVITY 30/ 2, 100/ 120/ min, 5-6 cm. Compress on spine. 100% = 30% cariac output. Child = 1/3, 1 hand. YOU WILL DO IT 100%. Vinnie Jones ME DO DEMO
Note: This is with CPR!! Ambulance response times are 8 – 9 minutes. 10/ 15 minutes before wasting your time – without AED. BUT, without CPR, survival rate reduces by 20%/ minute. Continue until physicaly cant, regains consciousness or handed over.
STUDENTS DO DEMO.
Dig of throat – explain mechanism of choking. Remember, brain death at 5 minutes. Been to several chokings – only one succesfull – time!!! turns into a resus instead. How would you know someone is choking? SO easily sorted!!!!
ME DEMO. Mannequin & self. Objective = artificial cough. Explain diaphragm. Finger in his mouth???
STUDENTS DO DEMO.
What is it? What causes it? Interrupting brains normal activity.
Acronyms & protocols!! NB for emrgencies – brain doesnt work. CPR, DRABC, Primary Survey, Secondary survey, AVPU, RICE, fishshaped Hear people/ soldiers saying “my training just kicked in and I went into auto drive”?? Later. AVPU Let us discuss only the most common ones next..............
AKA Brain Attack Vs Heart Attack 1 minute for blood to circulate in body. Contra indications for asprin? Ulcer, blood thinning medication (Warferin) Arterio & Athero sclerosis – loss of elasiticty of arteries, veins, cappillaries. Plastic pipe in sun too long. Do dig of vein with cholestrol. BP increases, breaking it. Or cholestrol breaks off and lodges further down. No blood flow. Aneurysm
FAST advert Face, Arms, Speech, Time to get help
What? Angina, Heart Attack, Cardiac arrrest
E.G. of stretching to reach, thinning of vessels.
Different from heart attack where portion of heart muscles dies. Why indigestion? Why shortness of breath? Anxiety Why increased HR?......Shock and fear!!
Embolism – colestrol breaks loose far from site and clogs Thrombus – clogs at site Blood clot – coagulation – thick blood
Q – What is asthma? Inflames & narrows airways – bronchus, bronchi, alveoli – chronic disease. Wheezing (expiratory), cynosed, coughing, shallow breathing.
Expiratory wheeze
Keep them calm – bedside manner!!! SHOW TALISMANS
What is epilepsy? What causes it? Flashing images. Spoon in mouth Hold patient down?
