Presentation about nanotechnology for material course 2nd year marine engineering

1. Ahmed Sameh Youssef El Shitany
Ahmed Taha Abdelmawla Ahmed
Ahmed AdelAbdelmonem Mohamed
Esraa Osama Ibrahim Mohamed

3.  INTRODUCTION
 Background of Nanotechnology
 WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY ?
 Applications of Nanotechnology :
1/ Medical application of nanotechnology
2/ Engineering application of nanotechnology
3 / Military application of nanotechnology

4. What Is
Nanotechnology ?

5. nanotechnology is the study and
application of extremely small things and
can be used across all the other science
fields, such as chemistry, biology,
physics, materials science and
engineering.
Nano = 10-9 = 1/ 1,000,000,000 = 1 / Billion
Micro = 10-6 - 1/1,000,000 = 1 / Million
Technology based on extremely small things. Objects used
in nanotechnology are generally ranging in size from 1 to
100 nanometers

6. How Small Is Nanoscale

7. A nanometer is…
one billionth of a meter
How Small Is Nanoscale?

8. Background of Nanotechnology
In 1985: Carbon 60 was discovered
In 1989: An IBM scientist writes with atoms! The word of
choice – IBM!
In 1990, the first academic nanotechnology journal was
published,
In 1991: Carbon nanotubes are discovered
In 1993 the first Feynman Prize was awarded, and by 2000
President Bill Clinton announced the U.S. National
Nanotechnology Initiative
2005: Nanoparticles are used in the treatment of cancer

9. Why NANOTECHNOLOGY ?
Some allotropes of carbon :
a) diamond;
d–f) fullerenes
h) carbon nanotube.

10. Carbon (C60)
Model of Buckminsterfullerene
• Incredible strength due to their
bond structure
Could be useful “shells” for drug
delivery
• Can penetrate cell walls
• Are nonreactive (move safely
through blood stream)

11. Model of a carbon nanotube
• Using new techniques, we’ve
created amazing structures like
carbon nanotubes
• 100 time stronger than steel
and very flexible
Carbon Nanotubes

12. Fabrication: Carbon Nanotubes
Three methods:
Laser evaporation: within a quartz tube containing
argon gas and the graphite target, its heated to
1200oC
Carbon arc: a potential is applied across two carbon
electrodes under 500 par of pressure. Carbon atom
from the positive electrode form nanotubes on the
negative electrode
Chemical vapor deposition: decomposition of
hydrocarbon gas (CH4) at 110oC

13. Why is Small Good?
-Faster
- Lighter
- Can get into small spaces
- Cheaper
- More energy efficient
- Different properties at very small scale

14. Building Nanostructures
“Top-down” – building something by starting with a larger
component and carving away material
In nanotechnology: patterning (using photolithography) and
etching away material, as in building integrated circuits
“Bottom-up” – building something by assembling smaller
components
In nanotechnology: self-assembly of atoms and molecules, as
in chemical and biological systems

15. Nano Scale Fabrication
Self Assembly
Originated from a process that occurs naturally in all living systems
Advantages:
• Rapid construction
• Occur automatically performed under mild conditions

16. Why might properties of
materials/structures be different at the
nanoscale?
Two of the reasons:
1 / Ratio of surface area-to-volume of structure increases (most
atoms are at or near the surface, which make them more weakly
bonded and more reactive)
2 / Quantum mechanical effects are important (size of structure
is on same scale as the wavelengths of electrons, and quantum
confinement occurs resulting in changes in electronic and optical
properties

17. So How Did We Get Here?
New Tools!
As tools change, what we can see and do changes

18. Using Light to See
Light microscope
(magnification up to 1000x)
to see red blood cells
(400x)
• The naked eye can see to about 20 microns
• A human hair is about 50-100 microns thick
• Light microscopes let us see to about 1 micron

19. Using Electrons to See
Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), invented in the 1930,
let us see objects as small as 10 nanometers
* Bounce electrons off of surfaces to create images
* Higher resolution due to small size of electrons
(4000x)
Greater resolution to see things like blood
cells in greater detail

20. Applications of Nanotechnology, 2015

21. medical application of
nanotechnology
what is cancer ?

22. what is cancer ?

23. cancer treatment
Surgery

24. Chemotherapy

25. Radiation Therapy

26. What are the side effects of
cancer treatment ?
1. Chemotherapy side effects

27. Radiation therapy side
effects

28. GOLD-NANOPARTICLE-ENHANCED
THERAPY

29. Experiments on rats

30. Engineering Application
of Nanotechnology
• Nanoelectronics
• Fundamental Concepts
• Approaches to Nano electronics
• Nano electronic Devices

31. Nanoelectronics
• It refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. The term
covers a diverse set of devices and materials
• sizes have decreased from 10 micrometers to the 28-22 nm range in 2011.

32. Fundamental Concepts
• In 1965 Gordon Moore observed that silicon transistors
• The field of nanoelectronics aims to enable the continued realization of this
law by using new methods to build electronic devices on the sizes nanoscale.

33. Approaches to Nano electronics
Approaches to Nano electronics
Molecular
Electronics
Nanomaterial
Electronics
Nanofabrication

34. Nanofabrication
Nanofabrication can be used to construct ultra-dense parallel arrays
of nanowires, as an alternative to synthesizing nanowires individually.

35. Nanomaterial Electronics
Being small and allowing more transistors to be packed into a single chip, the
uniform and symmetrical structure of nanotubes allows a higher electron
mobility (faster), a higher dielectric constant (faster frequency),

36. Molecular Electronics
These schemes would make heavy use
of molecular self-assembly, designing the
device components to construct a larger
structure or even a complete system on their
own
Microelectronics = Integrated
circuits, PC's, iPods, iPhones . . .

37. Nano electronic Devices
• Computers
• Memory Storage
• Displays
• Quantum Computers

38. • 2 GB in 1980s
$80,000
• 2 GB in 1990s
$200
• 2 GB in 2010
$5
Memory Storage

39. military application of
nanotechnology
• Nano materials application in offensive
• Nano materials application in bullet- proof vests
• Nano materials application in war ship

40. military application and nano !!

42. offensive
• Material additions, called super thermites
are adapted to obtain more powerful
weapons. Super thermites are obtained by
combining nano metals (e.g. nano
aluminium) with metal oxides (e.g. iron
oxide).
• These materials are used in under-water
explosive devices, in percussion caps to
ignition of powders and in rocket
propellants.
The addition of aluminum Nano powders
causes increase of energetic high
explosives, powders and thermites.

43. bullet- proof vests
When a bullet strikes body armor, the fibers of
these materials absorb and disperse the impact
energy to successive layers to prevent the
bullet from penetrating However, the
dissipating forces can still cause non-
penetrating injuries which is known as blunt
force trauma.

44. war ship
• The U.S. Navy is getting a
next generation all-electric
warship with the help of
researchers at the University
at Buffalo It’s predicted that
this ship can be run by a
crew of 100 people, much
smaller than the thousands
of people that run
battleships in service now .

45. Thank you!