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EXTENSION OF TIME
(E.O.T)
By: Ahmed Ibrahim,PMP,PMI-
RMP,MSc,TOT
1
Professionalengineer
Presentation Objectives
Extension of Time Definition
EOT Triggers
Contractual Completion Date(s)
Primary components
Schedule Integrity
Documentation of Causation
Responsibility Assignment
Concurrency of Delays
Schedule Analysis
Presentation is Everything!
Recap
2
Professionalengineer
Extension of Time Definition
“Is a time which reimbursed by one of the contract
sides to the other as compensation for project events
and conditions, prevented that side from execute
portion of project work .”
3
Professionalengineer
EOT Triggers
 1. An Event Occurred or Will Occur that Causes
Delay
 2. 3 Possible EOT Event Types:
– Owner driven events or risk’s (Time & money)
– Neutral events – risk shared (Time only)
– Concurrent events-risk allocated (Time only)
 3. Causes Delay to the Critical Path.
4
Professionalengineer
Contractual Completion Date(s)
 Types of Contractual Completion Dates:
– „Practical Completion‟ Date
– „Substantial Completion‟ Date
– „Mechanical Completion‟ Date
– „Handover‟ Date
– „Separable Portion‟ Date
 May apply to a Section, or the Entire Project
– Each Section is treated separately
– Multiple EOT Claims May Apply
5
Professionalengineer
Primary components
E.O.T
Claims
Solid Schedule
Critical Path
Delay
Causation
Documentation
Responsibility
assignments
Analysis
technique
Packaging
6
Professionalengineer
Schedule Integrity
 No Open Ends
 Limited Constraints
 All Scope Captured
 Majority of Relationships Types: FS
 No Large Lags: “Float Realistic”
 No Redundant Logic Relationships
 Critical Path Makes Sense
 Critical Path is Continuous
 “Longest Path” Filter Confirmation
7
Professionalengineer
Schedule Integrity
 Obligation of Both the Owner and Contractor
 Contract Must State Schedule Requirements
 Updating Must not Stop after Baseline is Accepted
 Schedule Updates Are Contractual Too!
8
Professionalengineer
Schedule Integrity: How do you
Know?
 Ask for the Electronic Version (Not a PDF)…XER
 Run a Schedule Diagnostic on Baseline & Updates
 Primavera: “Schedule Log” and “Claim Digger”
 Others: Acumen “Fuse”, “Schedule Analyzer Pro” , ”XER
toolkit”
 Also look for..
– Added and/or Deleted Activities
– Increase or Decrease in OD
– Calendar Changes – Schedule Calculation Changes –
9
Professionalengineer
Schedule Integrity: Diagnostic
Tools
10
Professionalengineer
Schedule Integrity: Diagnostic Tools "Claim
Digger”
11
Professionalengineer
Schedule Integrity: Diagnostic Tools “XER
Toolkit”
12
Professionalengineer
Documentation of Causation
 1st: Demonstrate Cause (Documentation)
 2nd: Demonstrate Effect (Schedule Analysis)
 The 3 „R’s – Records, Records, and Records
 Record Type Important but Record Content is A Key!
13
Professionalengineer
Documentation of Causation: Record
Types
 Letters and Emails
 RFI’s
 Hold Registers
 Transmittal Logs
 Progress photographs
 Variation Notices
 Daily Field Reports
 Weekly Progress Reports
 Meeting Minutes
 Drawing Revision Logs
14
Professionalengineer
Documentation of Causation: Record
Content
 Instructions given & received
 Conflicts in plans/specifications
 Weather conditions: Not Just Rain
 Work Stoppage: Time Stopped and Why
 Subcontractors
 Equipment Type Utilized and Number
 Daily Activity of Staff
 Specific Location: Zone Number, Area…etc
 Delays Encountered: Specific Activity
 Material Shortages Create a Standardized Daily
Report Form
15
Professionalengineer
Documentation of Causation: Delay
Examples
 Weather
1-We can not continue in excavation
2-We can not pouring the –
ready mix concrete
16
Professionalengineer
Documentation of Causation: Delay
Examples
 Equipment & Material Problems
1-excavation hydraulic pipe broken again
2-Power generator is down again
17
Professionalengineer
Documentation of Causation: Delay
Examples
 Design issues
 Environmental
 Site accidents
18
Professionalengineer
Responsibility Assignment
 What Does the Contract Say?
– Owner Caused Delays
– Force Majeure Delays
– Neutral Delays-Weather
– Non-Excusable Delays
19
Professionalengineer
Concurrent Delay – Requirements…
 Two or more delays during the “same” time
 Delays unrelated and independent
 Must delay the critical path
 Responsibility of different parties
 Each party bears its own expenses for that delay
 Substantial and not easily curable
20
Professionalengineer
Concurrency: Net Affect Matrix
Delay event Concurrent with Net effect
Owner delay Another delay by owner xxx
Owner delay Another delay by owner xxxx
Contractor delay Force majeure delay xx
Contractor delay
Another contractor
delay
xxxxxx
21
Professionalengineer
Schedule Analysis:
 1.As-Planned vs. As-Built
 2.Windows Analysis
 3.TIA
22
Professionalengineer
As-Planned vs. As-Built
 Comparison of start/finish dates between two schedule
updates
 Purely mathematical-Variance between dates
23
Professionalengineer
As-Planned vs. As-Built
 When should it be used?
-Limited time and money
-No electronic schedules
-Inadequate schedule logic
24
Professionalengineer
As-Planned vs. As-Built
Not Good For:
– Concurrent delays or acceleration
– Critical path changes between updates
– Multiple critical or near-critical paths per update
– Recovering extended overhead costs
– Arbitration or Litigation
25
Professionalengineer
As-Planned vs. As-Built
Pros:
– Easy to understand, explain, and graphically depict
– Technically simple to perform
Data Required:
– Baseline schedule
– As-built schedule
26
Professionalengineer
Windows Analysis
 Quantify loss or gain of time along a float path
 Loss and gains tallied by window
 A “window” is the time period framed between two
revisions:
• The as-planned schedule for the beginning of the
window
• The as-built schedule for the end of the window As-
Planned As- Built
27
Professionalengineer
Windows Analysis
28
Professionalengineer
Windows Analysis
 When Should the Schedule Analysis Method be Used?
– Complex schedules with large critical paths
– Very high delay damages
– Concurrent delays
– Client has the time and budget
– Need graphical depiction of concurrency
 What does the Schedule Analysis Method Best Prove?
– Excusable non-compensable delay
– Excusable compensable delay
– Concurrent delay
29
Professionalengineer
Impacted As-Planned (TIA)
 Insertion of impact activities into a baseline or update schedule
 Integrated into the network logic before, in- between, or after the
activity it affected
 Additive model that simulates the possible effect of actual delay
events to the schedule completion date
 Comparison of IAP schedule and succeeding update to determine
possible acceleration or non-excusable delays
 Comparison of IAP schedule and planned schedule to determine
time extension
30
Professionalengineer
Impacted As-Planned
31
Professionalengineer
Impacted As-Planned
32
Professionalengineer
Presentation
 1. Attach Source Documentation
 2. Graphical Representation
• Schedule Updates: Prior to Impact and After Impact
• Critical Path in Gantt Chart Format with Logic
• Concurrency
 3. Write Up
• Keep it Short and Sweet (Ishikawa , Pareto and time lines)
• Explanation of Impact Event: Timing , Activities , Duration
33
Professionalengineer
Presentation
 4. Cost Impact
• Stand-By Costs of Equipment and Staff Affected
• Don't Claim Costs on Staff That Were Working!
5. Executive Summary at the Beginning
6. Submit Once Impact Event Is Known
7. Submit Again Once Full Impact Understood
34
Professionalengineer
Ishikawa example
Management process and
Procedure
Too much process and unneeded
procedure activities which take
more time
All major and minor decisions by PM
only
Q u a l I t y C o n t r o l P r o c e
PM staff came very late to
project
Material submittals take
unusual review time
Shop drawing submittals
take unusual review time
Open R.F.Is which hold much
works
Delay in issuing (L.O.Is)
Poor Coordination Management
Hold Critical schedule
work areas
Salco work with site
premises
Professionalengineer
Pareto Chart-(20/80)Rule
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Material submittals
review>15days
Shop drawing review
>15days
General Project
Submittals
Issuing LOIs Open RFIs Exceeding project
specifications
Pareto Chart-(20/80)Rule
OCCURRENCES CUMULATIVE PERCENT
Professionalengineer
Summary
• Documentation is Key: Content Must be Consistent
• Schedules Must Be Sound and Accurate
• Don't Ignore Updates
• Choose Your Technique Wisely
• Consider Concurrency
• Present Claim as a Concise Package
• Don't Throw the Kitchen Sink into the Claim
• Resolution time sure will be near to your EOT issue
37
WWW.PROFESSIONALENGINEERS.US
PROFESSIONAL2ENGINEERS@GMAIL.COM
0545821579
Ahmed Ibrahim,MSc,BSc,PMP,PMI-RMP,TOT
Thank
You…
38

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Extension of time (E.O.T) By Ahmed Ibarhim