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1. Sex Education
A movement towards enlightenment

2. What is Sex?
 Sexual reproduction involves the combining and mixing of genetic traits:
specialized cells known as gametes combine to form offspring that inherit traits
from each parent. Gametes can be identical in form and function (known
as isogamy), but in many cases an asymmetry has evolved such that two different
types of gametes (heterogametes) exist (known as anisogamy).

3. What happens during Sex?

4.  The gametes produced by an organism define its sex: males produce small gametes
(spermatozoa, or sperm, in animals; pollen in plants) while females produce large
gametes (ova, or egg cells); individual organisms which produce both male and female
gametes are termed hermaphroditic. Frequently, physical differences are associated with
the different sexes of an organism; these sexual dimorphisms can reflect the different
reproductive pressures the sexes experience. For instance, mate choice and sexual
selection can accelerate the evolution of physical differences between the sexes.

5. Early sex in adolescence
 A new study suggests that sex during adolescence can have lasting negative effects
on the body and mood well into adulthood, most likely because the activity occurs
when the nervous system is still developing.
 While the research used laboratory animals, the findings provide information that
may be applicable to understanding human sexual development.
 Researchers paired adult female hamsters with male hamsters when the males were
40 days old, the equivalent of a human's mid-adolescence. They found that these
male animals with an early-life sexual experience later showed more signs of
depressive-like behaviors as well as lower body mass, smaller reproductive tissues
and changes to cells in the brain than did hamsters that were first exposed to sex
later in life or to no sex at all.

6.  "There is a time in nervous system development when things are changing very
rapidly, and part of those changes are preparations for adult reproductive
behaviors and physiology," Weil said. "There is a possibility that environmental
experiences and signals could have amplified effects if they occur before the
nervous system has settled down into adulthood.“
 Insufficient knowledge in this area also leads to early pregnancy but can be
counteracted by proper sex education.

11. Sex Education
 Sex education is instruction on issues relating to human sexuality, including emotional relations and
responsibilities, human sexual anatomy, sexual activity, sexual reproduction, age of consent, reproductive
health, reproductive rights, safe sex, birth control and sexual abstinence. Sex education that covers all of these
aspects is known as comprehensive sex education. Common avenues for sex education are parents or
caregivers, formal school programs, and public health campaigns.
 Traditionally, adolescents in many cultures were not given any information on sexual matters, with the
discussion of these issues being considered taboo. Such instruction, as was given, was traditionally left to a
child's parents, and often this was put off until just before a child's marriage. The progressive
education movement of the late 19th century, however, led to the introduction of "social hygiene" in North
American school curricula and the advent of school-based sex education.[1]
 Despite early inroads of school-based sex education, most of the information on sexual matters in the mid-
20th century was obtained informally from friends and the media, and much of this information was deficient
or of dubious value, especially during the period following puberty, when curiosity about sexual matters was
the most acute. This deficiency was heightened by the increasing incidence of teenage pregnancies,
particularly in Western countries after the 1960s. As part of each country's efforts to reduce such pregnancies,
programs of sex education were introduced, initially over strong opposition from parent and religious groups.

13. Pros of Sex Education in Schools
 Sex education in schools can help children understand the impact of sex in their
lives. It dispels myths related to sex and broadens their horizon.
 It can also answer all the questions that they have regarding their changing body
and hormonal surges.
 Children are often inquisitive about the other gender. Sex education in school can
help them understand the differences and keep the desire to explore things for
themselves in check.
 It transforms children into responsible adults. It is a known fact that teenagers
today turn sexually active, therefore, sex education can help them understand the
benefit of abstinence in the early years or it can at least teach them how to be
responsible sexually active people.

14.  Child sexual abuse is a social malice that is afflicting thousands worldwide. Sex
education in schools can play an active role in curbing the incidence of abuse as
through this medium children can be made aware of the difference between good
and bad touch.
 It is much better to teach children about sexual health in school rather letting them
use other resources, such as pornographic material and the internet. This is
important because avenues, such as the internet have a huge store of information
that might be misleading.
 With problems, such as teenage pregnancies and transmission of STDs on the rise,
it is only appropriate that sex education is made accessible in school so that the
most number of children can be made aware.

16. Cons of Sexual Education
 Mostly teachers who are given the task of teaching sex education to students are not experts
and have vague ideas about sexual health themselves. This is even more harmful as incorrect
information is extremely lethal as it can actually leave a wrong impression on the students.
Children have an impressionable mind and incorrect information imparted at an early age can
actually transform them into ignorant adults.
 Students may still be subject to embarrassment or excitable by subject matter. If not taught
properly, sex education in school can become a matter of ridicule and students may not take
any interest in it.
 The fact that in most schools sex education is treated like an extracurricular course and not a
primary one. If the authorizing body is not serious about it then they cannot expect that
students and teachers will be interested in it.
 Sex education at school may be at odds with the religious ideologies. Unless these disparities
are sorted out by someone, who is aware of the two ideologies, sex education at school can
actually confuse the students more.

18. Parent-Child talk is also a form of sexual
education
 1. Your kids are more likely to feel positive about their
bodies.
So what does that mean to me as parent? My kids are more
likely to be happier with the body that have instead of wanting
what they haven’t got! There is a lot of pressure today to have
the perfect body and to look a certain way!
 2. Your kids will feel good about being male or female.
So what does that mean to me as parent? My kids will grow up
with a healthy sense of what it is to be male, female or
androgynous (both male & female characteristics). This is even
more important if my child has genitals that look
different (intersex) or if they identify as being a different gender
as they grow up (transgender). Some stuff you can’t control, so it

19.  3. Your kids will appreciate and accept individual differences.
So what does that mean to me as parent? My kids will grow up accepting that
we are all different and unique (themselves included)! This comes in very
when they start to notice the diversity around them in family, friends and the
world around them.
 4. Your kids are more likely to talk to you about other things.
So what does that mean to me as parent? If my kids can talk to me about sex,
means that they know they can talk to me about anything! From bullying to
parties to having sex. No topic should be too shameful.
 5. Your kids are more likely to understand appropriate and inappropriate
behaviour.
So what does that mean to me as parent? My kids know what behaviour
is appropriate (eg. you are the boss of your body) and what is

20. 6. Your kids are more likely to understand and accept
physical and emotional changes.
So what does that mean to me as parent? My kids are okay
about the fact that their bodies are changing. They know that
puberty is going to happen one day and that their body will
change and that they will start to feel differently.
Being prepared makes it a lot less scary!
7. Your kids are more likely to disclose sexual abuse.
So what does that mean to me as parent? If my child is being
groomed or is sexually abused, I want to know about it.
Being approachable means that my kids know that they
me anything. And that includes sexual abuse.

21.  8. Your kids are more likely to be less vulnerable to exploitation
and sexual abuse.
So what does that mean to me as parent? Research tells us
and relationship education in the early years does help to
from sexual abuse, as they learn:
how to work out which grownups they can talk to about bodies,
and feelings
how to recognise and manage their feelings
how to get along with different types of people
the names of the male & female body parts and what they do
body parts are private and public
about public and private behaviours and places
the different types of touch and rules about touch

23. What are the main barriers to providing
sexual education?
 1. Government opposition
Many think that teaching sex education in schools is equal to teaching sexual
intercourse education. In fact, sex education is a broad term used to describe
education about human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction and other aspects of
human sexual behavior.
 2. Lack of skilled teachers
Though teachers express commitment to teaching sex education in schools, some
find it difficult and discomforting to teach sex education topics.

24. What are the benefits of providing a
comprehensive sexuality education?
 1. Prevention of HIV and STD’s
Comprehensive sex education is an essential part of HIV prevention.
It is proved to be more effective in preventing sexually transmitted
infections than education that focuses solely on teaching abstinence
until marriage.1
 2. Prevention of unintended pregnancies
Where teenage pregnancy can get in the way of education and other
life opportunities, sex education can mitigate unintended pregnancy.
Sex education programs have been proven effective at delaying first
intercourse and increasing use of contraception among sexually
active youth.

25.  3. Empowerment against sexual violence
 Sex education helps teenagers understand themselves biologically and prepare
face the world so that they do not fall victim to sexual predators. It also
girls and boys to speak up if their sexual boundaries are violated.
 It has long been recognized that countries that have a more open and positive
attitude toward sexuality have better sexual health outcomes.
 Sexuality education exposes young boys and girls to material that not only
their risk of unplanned pregnancy and disease, but also enlightens and
them.
 To curb high adolescent pregnancy rates, governments can enforce policies that
protect and promote women’s and girls’ rights, including the right to
comprehensive sexual education in schools.