The document outlines the typical phases in a construction project lifecycle: 1) Initiation/Conceptual Stage - The initial idea is developed and feasibility studies are conducted. 2) Design Stage - Detailed design and planning of the project occurs. 3) Tendering Stage - Contractors are solicited and a contract is awarded for construction. 4) Construction Stage - The project is built according to the plans. 5) Completion Stage - The finished project is handed over and put into operation. Monitoring of performance continues.

1. PROJECT LIFE
CYCLE PHASES
The Conceptual
or Initiation
Stage
Analysis and
Development of
the Idea
Design
Stage
Tendering
Stage
Planning
Stage
Execution
Stage
Completion
Stage
P R O J E C T L I F E C Y C L E P H A S E S / V A R I O U S
S T A G E S I N T H E C O N S T R U C T I O N O F A P R O J E C T

2. PROJECT LIFE CYCLE PHASES / VARIOUS STAGES
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PROJECT
1. The Conceptual or Initiation Stage
2. Analysis and Development of the Idea
3. Design Stage
4. Tendering Stage
5. Planning Stage
6. Execution Stage
7. Completion Stage

3. COMMON PROJECT PROCESSES
Initiation
Defines the project objectives and grants authority to the project
manager.
Planning
Refines the project objectives and scope and plans the steps necessary to
meet the project’s objectives.
Executing
Puts the project plan into motion and performs the work of the project.
Controlling
Measures the performance of the executing activities and compares the
results with the project plan.
Closing
Documents the formal acceptance of the project’s product and brings all
aspects of the project to a close.

4. STAGE 1
THE CONCEPTUAL OR INITIATION STAGE

5. 1. THE CONCEPTUAL OR INITIATION STAGE
Either due to the entrepreneurial efforts of individuals or
groups or to satisfy the needs of society, many construction
projects take shape.
Many of the major projects undertaken in the series of five
year plans are for satisfying the various needs of society.
Whatever may be the source from which good ideals crop
up for starting welfare projects, it has to be constantly
nurtured so that it will reach the completion stage.

6.  Understanding :
a. Type of Project :
1. Residential
2. Commercial
3. Software/Information Technology
b. Disciplines handled
1. Civil
2. Electrical
3. Plumbing & firefighting
4. HVAC & Mechanical
5. Landscaping
THE CONCEPTUAL OR INITIATION STAGE

7. Understanding the requirements of the project
 Understanding the objectives of the client.
Assisting in finalisation of schematic design
Co-ordination with the design team.
Co-ordinate in finalisation of outline specification and cost
estimates.
THE CONCEPTUAL OR INITIATION STAGE

8. Reviewing the designs produced.
Assisting the client to obtain Reconnaissance survey with
respect to topographical, hydrological and revenue surveys.
Co-ordinating with the client in obtaining the feed back on the
feasibility and sanitary connections.
Assisting the client to obtain soil investigation report
THE CONCEPTUAL OR INITIATION
STAGE

9. STAGE 2
ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA

10. 2. ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA
Whatever ideas put forth in the initiation stage have to be further
analysed regarding the cost of the projects and the benefits that
will accrue.
Initial surveys have to be conducted and cost estimates are to be
prepared.
Feasibility studies have to be carried out so that the project is
economically viable.
If it is a social welfare project, then the social utility of the project
will be of prime consideration.
Once the project becomes acceptable, then the sources of funding
the project have to be found out.

11. ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
THE IDEA
 Follow up for development of the concept phase to detail
design.
 Co-ordinate to finalise.
Detail specification and schematic designs.
Space allocations / arrangements.
Finalisation of construction methodology.
structural system schematics finalisation
 Preparation of preliminary over all budget.
 Preparation of project control document.

12. ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
THE IDEA
 Cost plans
 Preliminary master programme schedule.
 Co-ordination with client and architect with regard to
preparation and submission of drawing for NOC to
BDA/BMP/Airport Authority, telecommunications,
BWSSB, BESCOM, Fire Force Authority and MOEF.
 Follow up for obtaining approvals from different authorities.

13. ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF
THE IDEA
 Co-ordination and feedback to the client on the technical
inputs regarding design.
 Co-ordinating with the client and architects regarding
infrastructure requirement at site such as :
site office
marketing office
model flat

14. STAGE 3
DESIGN STAGE

15. 3. DESIGN STAGE
This is an important stage in the implementation of the
project. Necessary field investigations and surveys are
conducted.
Then the design and drawings for the various elements of
the project are prepared. The final estimate is then
prepared.
Land acquisition is a ticklish problem in many projects.
Necessary efforts are to be initiated so that the required
area of land is obtained without much trouble.
Appropriate designs are to be finalised during this stage
itself. Any changes made at a later stage will affect the
economy of the project.

16. STAGE 4
TENDERING STAGE AND AWARD OF WORK

17. 4. TENDERING STAGE
 Suggest the type of contract to the client and to finalise
exact nature of contract to be followed like :
a. Item rate contract
b. Lump sum contract
c. Contract with material
d. Contract without material
 Preparation of Bill of quantities.
 Collection of data such as : Report
Name of the project and location
Name of the client, architects, consultants and their
address
Logos of each team involved in the project.

18. TENDERING STAGE AND AWARD OF
WORK
 Preparation of tender documents.
 Ensure correctness of the tender documents with
respect to tender conditions and specifications to meet
clients requirement.
 Recommend tendering strategies and procedures for
selection of tenderers.

19.  Highlighting pre-qualification of contractors.
 Short listing of contractors.
 Floating of tenders
 Preparation of detailed estimates.
 Conducting pre bid meetings
TENDERING STAGE AND AWARD OF
WORK

20. 20
TENDER
DOCUMENTS
BILL OF
QUANTITIES
SHORT LISTING OF THE
CONTRACTORS
FLOATING OF
TENDERS
PRE BID
MEETINGS
NEGOTIATIONS COMPARITIVE
&TECHNO-
COMMERCIAL
COMPARITIVE
STATEMENTS
RECEIVING
OF TENDERS
OPENING OF
TENDERS
FINALISATION
OF CONTRACT
ISSUE OF WORK
ORDER
SIGNING OF THE
AGREEMENT &
CONTRACT
DOCUMENT
CONTRACT
DOCUMENT
TENDERING STAGE AND AWARD OF
WORK

21. STAGE 5
AWARDING THE CONTRACT FOR
CONSTRUCTION

22. 5. AWARDING THE CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION
Necessary tender documents are prepared and the tender is
finally awarded to a contractor who has successfully
executed similar major projects in the past and his tender is
also economically competitive.

23. STAGE 6
PLANNING STAGE & COSTING STAGE

24.  Data collection
Area statement
Brochure
List of consultants
Key personnel from client, contractors & consultants
Duration of the project
Scope of work
Project Start date
Soil test report
Survey & contour plan
Sanction plans
Basic rates
Schedule of finishes
6. PLANNING STAGE & COSTING STAGE

25.  Preparation of Master programme schedule
Shall be to micro level
Based on the data collected, BOQ, site
reconnaissance, items.
Should be logically realistic
Identify critical paths
Sequencing to be specific to the project
Take contractor into confidence
presented for approval
Save baseline after approval
 Preparation of hand book
 Identifying the skills , equipment, materials needed
PLANNING STAGE & COSTING STAGE

26. PLANNING STAGE & COSTING STAGE
 Updating of cash flow
 Material flow and man power deployment schedule
shall be based on project plan

27. STAGE 7
THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE / EXECUTION STAGE

28. 7. THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE / EXECUTION STAGE
This stage requires the maximum skills from the project
manager so that the project is executed in time, follows the
main designs evolved at the design stage, keeping cost
effective methods and adopting the necessary safety
precautions.
Sometimes, due to variations in site conditions, suitable
changes in design may be necessary.
It is the construction phase of the project that calls for the
maximum coordination between the various agencies
concerned with the implementation of the Project.

29. STAGE 8
MONITORING & CONTROLLING PHASE

30. CONTROLLING
Controlling is complimentary to planning. Once the project
has been planned, scheduled and started, the progress of the
work has to be checked with the original one.
The process of controlling involves comparing the progress
of the work with the scheduled one at regular intervals and
then taking corrective action to get the desired progress, if it
is lagging behind the schedule.
Controlling needs updating information through system. The
information is analyzed and the project plan is brought upto-
date with the necessary changes required to keep the project
as per schedule.

31. 8. MONITORING & CONTROLLING PHASE
 Analyse the project information
 Communication & reporting
 Monitoring all the activities of the project
 Comparing the planned to the actual progress & make
adjustments as needed

32. STAGE 9
COMPLETION STAGE

33. 9. COMPLETION STAGE / PUTTING THE COMPLETED
FACILITY INTO USE AND KEEPING UP CONTINUOUS
MAINTENANCE
Some of the projects can be put into use, when certain parts of it
are completed.
When the full project is put into use, the factors regarding the
maintenance are to be carefully considered.
Many a times, projects completed with great efforts and huge costs
are not able to give the fullest benefits because continuous
maintenance of the facility is not provided.

34. PROJECT COMPLETION STAGE
 Pre-final bill / final bill certification
 Closure reports
 Handing over reports
 Guarantees & warranties
 Project statistics compilation
 Lessons learnt
 Information exchange

35. Stage Role Client
Approvals
Leader
INCEPTION
Client business objectives interpreted to
strategic brief to determine value &
performance outline planning
CA1
Client Advisor
PM
Architect
FEASIBILITY
Test for viability and/or option appraisal
Project risks assessed
Outline design and cost plan
Funding and location
Client go ahead on scheme
CA2
PM/QS
Architect/QS
PM
Appoint professional design team PM/Architect
STRATEGY
Decide on procurement route, RM, Cost control
and quality management
CA2 PM/CM
SCHEME
DESIGN
A scheme design and planning application
Cost plan and cost checks – iterative with client
Build ability testing. Building regulations
approval
Health and strategy co-ordination
CA3
PM/Design team
leader
QS
PM/CM
Planning supervisor
Roles of project team at each stage of implementation

36. Stage Role Client
Approvals
Leader
TENDER
Prepare detail design and bill of quantities
Tender documents
Pre-tender health and safety plan
CA5
CM/QS/Architect
CM/QS
COMMISSIONI
NG
Test and snag all systems
Ensure equipment compliance and efficiency to
meet client objectives
CM/Architect
POST-PROJECT
REVIEW
Feed back into future projects
Lessons for client
Lessons for PM
CA6
Client
PM
OCCUPATION Recheck ‘underuse’ conditions
Manual and training Client/User
CM – Construction Manager
QS – Quantity Surveyor
PM – Project Manager
PS – Planning Supervisor
Roles of project team at each stage of implementation