Engine downsizing of automobiles, ,mechanical engineering seminar ,latest technology

1. ENGINE DOWNSIZING
IN
AUTOMOBILES
BY
ADIL MOHAMED K
S7,MECH. ENGG.
SOE,CUSAT

2. ENGINE DOWNSIZING
• Engine downsizing is the use of a
smaller engine in a vehicle that provides the
power of a larger engine, through the use of recent
technologies.
• It is the result of car manufacturers attempting to
provide more efficient vehicles. The term
generally relates to traditional internal combustion
engines powered by petrol or diesel

3. WHY DOWNSIZING
• Bigger isn’t always better

4. Naturally aspirated engine Supercharger engine

6. THE DOWNSIZINGTREND
• The end of the 1990s, the logic of downsizing has progressively
spread to petrol engines over the past few years. In the United
States, the future of huge V8s thus seems increasingly uncertain.
In Germany, the sporty Porsche has announced the launch of a
"small" 4-cylinder model that emits less than 200 g/km of C02.
• The race for power is running out of steam and is giving way to
a new battle, one for efficiency and energy savings. BMW is
leading this field with its Efficient Dynamics programme which
manages to reconcile high performance Downsizing is
progressively gaining ground

8. DOWNSIZED ENGINE PARAMETERS
• Supercharging
• Direct Injection
• Variable Cam Timing

9. DIRECT INJECTION
• In a direct injection engine, fuel is injected into the
combustion chamber as opposed to injection before the
intake valve (petrol engine) or a separate pre-combustion
chamber (diesel engine).

10. DIESEL ENGINES
• Most diesel engines have fuel injected into the
combustion chamber.
• Throughout the early history of diesels, they were always
fed by a mechanical pump.
• Now uses a common rail injection system

11. common rail injection system

12. PETROL ENGINES
• Direct injection, which is referred to as gasolin direct injection. This is
the next step in evolution from multi-point fuel injection
• Homogeneity
• Ultra lean mixture

14. • In some applications, gasoline direct injection enables a
stratified fuel charge (ultra lean burn) combustion for
improved fuel efficiency, and reduced emission levels at
low load. It is also possible to inject fuel more than once
during a single cycle

15. DRAWBACKS
• Although Direct Injection provides more power and efficiency, a
carbon build-up occurs in the intake valves that over time
reduces the airflow to the cylinders, and therefore reduces
power. Fuel contains various detergents and can keep the intakes
clean.
• When fuel is no longer being sprayed in the intake valves, small
amounts of dirt from intake air cakes on the intake walls, even
with air filters that prevent most of the dirt from entering the
cylinder. This build-up can become severe enough that a piece
can break off and has been known to burn holes in catalytic
converters.

16. TURBOCHARGING

19. FORD ECOBOOST ENGINE
• Price: From £17,945 (125bhp)
• Engine: 999cc, three cylinders, 12 valves, turbo, 125bhp
• Transmission: Six-speed gearbox, front-wheel drive
• Performance: 120mph, 0-62 in 11.3sec, 56.5mpg, CO2
114g/km

20. CO2 EMISSION CONCERNS
• The European Car Manufacturer Association (ACEA) has
for example entered into an highly ambitious undertaking:
the commitment is that CO2 emission of the future
vehicles —averaged on the whole production of the
signatories will reach: 140 g/km of CO2 in year 2008, and
perhaps 120g/km of CO2 in year 2012.

21. OUTPUT
• Reduction in
• Fuel consumption.
• CO2 emission.
• Weight.
• Engine size.
• Reduced frictional losses.
• Reduced load on Eccentric-gear.
• Increase in power O/P.
• Reduction in production cost.

22. THE FUTURE OF DOWNSIZING
• Thanks to the ongoing developments in
turbocharging technology, the internal combustion
engine will retain its dominant position over
alternatives, such as all-electric and hybrid drives,
with the proportion of turbocharged engines found
in passenger cars set to rise steadily

23. REFERENCES•
• en.wikipedia.org
• "Isuzu Direct-Injection V6", Popular Science, 2003
• www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/issues/issue49/knopf.pd
• emissionsanalytics.com/beware-the-danger-of-downsizing
• www.wired.com/2011/09/three-is-the-new-four-as-engines-downsize
• turbo.honeywell.com/turbo-basics/the-downsizing-agenda/
• www.sustainable-mobility.org/.../downsizing-or-the-future
• "Three Is the New Four as Engines Downsize". Wired. 12 February 2012.
• "Engine Displacement Downsizing Where's the fuel-economy gain?". Car and Driver. July 2009.
Retrieved 12 February 2012.
• SAE International Journal of Engines. 8 July 2014.
• "Driven: Ford Focus 1.0 Ecoboost". Car Magazine. 12 February 2012.
• "Turbo - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". 23 April 2014.
• "How Turbochargers Work". Auto.howstuffworks.com. 1 June 2012.
• "supercharger - Wiktionary". En.wiktionary.org. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
• Diesel and gas turbine progress, Volume 26. Diesel Engines, 1960
• "supercharging". Elsberg-tuning.dk. 1 June 2012.
• Chris Longhurst. "The Fuel and Engine Bible: page 5 of 6". Car Bibles. 1 June 2012.

24. THANK YOU