These organizations - known at the UN as "non-governmental organizations" or "NGOs" - are often the most effective voices for the concerns of ordinary people .

1. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
AND PEACE OPERATIONS
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2. WORLD BANK NGO DEFINITION
“Private Organizations that pursue activities to relieve
suffering, promote the interests of the poor, protect
the environment, provide basic social services, or
undertake community development.”
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3. NGO’s
 Dramatic Growth
beginning in 2d half of 20th Century
 Over the past several decades, NGOs have
become major players in all international
relief efforts, development, cause advocacy,
and in advancing the concept of a “global
civil society”
 Billions of dollars spent annually on relief and
sustainable development programs
2005 earthquake in Pakistan
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4. WHY THE DRAMATIC GROWTH IN NGOs
 Negative Perception of the Welfare State
 Development Crisis
 Perceived Global Environmental Crisis
 Discrediting of Socialism
 Communications Revolution
 Global Economic Growth
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5. NGOs
 Overview
 NGOs Play a Key Role in Humanitarian Assistance and
Development
 NGOs are the Rapid Response element for humanitarian
disasters all over the world
 “Foot Soldiers” for International relief efforts
 Military in Peace Support Operations will have to work with
NGOs
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6. HUMANITARIAN CRISIS RESPONSE
ELEMENTS
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United Nations System (Agencies)
Official National Donor Government Aid Agencies
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
International and National NGOs
Coalition Military Forces
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7. GOAL IS: UNITY OF EFFORT
Achieved Through:
 Consensus
 Coordination
 Cooperation
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8. UNITY
OF EFFORT
Must Be Achieved While Recognizing:
 Different Cultures of Response
Elements
 Disparate Assessments
 Different Missions & Tasks In Crisis
 Diverse Goals
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9. NGOs--WHAT THEY ARE NOT
 Not Governments…
 Not Businesses...
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10. ANOTHER DEFINITION OF AN NGO
“A Self-Governing Private, Not For Profit Organization That
Is Geared Toward Improving The Quality Of Life Of
Disadvantaged People”
Refugees - Kosovo
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11. NGO TYPES
The term NGO is very broad and
encompasses many different types of
organizations
 Advocacy NGOs
 Operational NGOs
 Relief
 Development
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12. ADVOCACY NGOs
•Their primary purpose is to defend or
promote a specific cause and to influence
policies and practices
•Examples: Amnesty International and the
Muslim Public Affairs Council (MPAC)
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13. OPERATIONAL NGOs
 Their primary purpose is field work in
humanitarian relief and design, development
and implementation of development related
projects.
 Operational NGOs are the one’s the military
must work with in a cooperative relationship in a
PSO
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14. NGOs IN HUMANITARIAN CRISES
Provide Life Saving Interventions
 Food Distribution
 Shelter
 Water
 Sanitation
 Medical Care
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15. OPERATIONAL NGOs
ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORKS
 Headquarters in one Country (ICRC)
 Many Autonomous National Chapters (Save the
Children)
 Many National Fund Raising Offices, Pooled Funds,
With A Single World-Wide Field Organization (World
Vision)
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16. OPERATIONAL NGOs
ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORKS
(cont.)
 Autonomous National Headquarters with Field
Organization. Work Assigned by Central
International Organization (CARE)
 Field Work Done Only Through Indigenous Local
NGOs (Oxfam America)
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17. NGO “CULTURE”
SURVEY QUESTION:
 Why Work In Relief/Development?
 Altruistic—Concern for Others
 Financial ---Make Money
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18. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES
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NGO
MILITARY
Controlled Application of
Violence
Hierarchical
Generally Conservative
Explicit Mission Statements
Not Comfortable With
NGOs
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Help The Disadvantaged
Non-Hierarchical
Generally Liberal
Intangible Missions
Not Comfortable With The
Military

19. NGO “CULTURE”
Typical Western NGO:
 Young & Idealistic
 Liberal Arts Degree
 Believes in Sustainable Development
 Little Formal Operational Doctrine
 Few Formal Training Courses
 Significant Organizational Competition
 Increasing Security Concerns
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20. VOLUNTARY CODE OF CONDUCT
FOR RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS
 Humanitarian Imperative Comes First
 Aid Is Given Regardless of Race, Creed or
Nationality on the Basis of Need Alone
 Aid Will Not Be Used To Further a Particular
Political or Religious Standpoint
 We Shall Endeavor Not To Act As Instruments of
Government Foreign Policy
 We Shall Respect Culture & Custom
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21. VOLUNTARY CODE OF CONDUCT
(cont.)
 Build Disaster Response On Local Capacities
 Involve Program Beneficiaries In The Management of
Relief Aid
 Reduce Future Vulnerabilities As Well As Meet Basic
Needs
 NGOs Accountable Both To Beneficiaries & Contributors
 Disaster Victims Are Dignified Humans, Not Hopeless
Objects
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22. GOVERNING PRINCIPLES
 Humanity
 Impartiality
 Neutrality
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23. UNITED NATIONS AND NGOs
 UN Charter
 Articles 63 and 64
 Article 71
 UN General Assembly Resolution
43/131
 Importance of NGOs
 States to Facilitate Work of NGOs
 States to Support to NGOs
 Cooperation With Humanitarian
Assistance Organizations Set Up by UN
 Security Council Chapter 7 Authority to
Authorize NGO Humanitarian Relief
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24. RISKS TO NGOs &
HUMANITARIAN AID WORKERS
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Dangerous Environment
1994 Safety Convention – Not Solution
Safety Needs – Acceptance, Protection & Deterrence
Safety Aids – Information, Planning, Training,
Coordination, Psychological Assistance
 Security Council Responsibilities
 When to Go / When to Stay
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25. NGO STRENGTHS (World Bank Study)
 Strong grassroots links
 Field based development expertise
 Ability to innovate and adapt
 Process oriented approach to development
 Participatory methodologies and tools
 Long-term commitment and emphasis on
sustainability
 Cost effectiveness
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26. CRITICISM OF NGOs
 Have Lost Their Independence--Just Another Arm Of
Governments
 Too Close To The Corporate World
 Fund Raising Is Their Primary Concern
 Excessive Living Standards In The Midst Of Poverty
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27. FIELD COOPERATION MECHANISMS
 Coordination Lead Designated by UN
 Humanitarian Operations Coordinating
Committees (HOCCs)
 On-Site Operations Coordinating Centers
(OSOCC)
 Civil Military Operations Centers (CMOC)
 Civil Military Integration Centers (CIMIC)
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28. SUMMARY
 Many Participants in Peace Operation
 NGOs Play A Key Role In Humanitarian Assistance
 Absolutely Necessary To:
 UNDERSTAND THE “PLAYERS”
 COORDINATION MECHANISMS
 PURSUE UNITY OF EFFORT BY EMPHASIZING:
COOPERATION-COORDINATION-CONSENSUS
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