Thermal Power plant (Basic scheme and working principal)

1. Assignment on power engineering
An
SUBMITTED TO :
MR KAMAL ARORA
ASST. PROF. OF
ELECTRICAL DEPT.
Submitted By:
Abran Ansari
UID : K11620
B.Tech Elect.
5th Sem
Thermal power plant
(Basic Scheme and working Principle )
Topic

2. INTRODUCTION :
ALMOST TWO THIRD OF ELECTRICITY REQUIREMENT OF THE WORLD
IS FULFILLED BY THERMAL POWER PLANTS.
In these power plant, steam is produced by burning some fossil fuel
(e.g. coal) and then used to run a steam turbine. Thus, a thermal
power station may sometimes called as a Steam Power Station.
After the steam passes through the steam turbine, it is condensed in
a condenser and again fed back into the boiler to become steam,
This is known as ranking cycle.
In India 65% of total power is generated by the Thermal Power
Stations.

3. Boiler.
Furnace.
Turbine.
Super Heater & Re- Heater.
Cooling Tower
MOST MECHANICAL DESIGN

4. BOILER
• Steam generator – Saturated & Superheated steam
• Steam drum - A reservoir of water/steam at the top end of the
water tubes, it stores the steam generated in the water tubes and
acts as a separator for the steam/water mixture (difference in
densities)
• Water circulation – Natural or forced

5. FURNACE
• A chamber in which heat is produced – Combustion of fuel &
generation of hot gases
• Burners – Break oil into fine particles to ensure efficient
combustion

6. TURBINE
• Steam is admitted to the turbine
• Heat energy is converted into mechanical energy – useful work
• High pressure turbine
• Low pressure turbine

7. SUPERHEATER
• Consists of headers and superheater tubes
• Converts saturated steam into dry steam

8. CONDENSER
heat exchanger
• tubes sea water
• steam water (condensate)
• vacuum is created due to steam / condensate volume difference
• vacuum is maintained by constant cool water circulation through
the tubes

9. Layout and working of thermal power plant :

10. Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Thermal Power Plant
Advantages:
• Less initial cost as compared to other generating stations.
• It requires less land as compared to hydro power plant.
• The fuel (i.e. coal) is cheaper.
• The cost of generation is lesser than that of diesel power plants.
Disadvantages:
• It pollutes the atmosphere due to the production of large amount of smoke.
• This is one of the causes of global warming.
• The overall efficiency of a thermal power station is low (less than 30%).