The document discusses coronary heart disease (CHD), which is a narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. It provides information on coronary arteries, causes of CHD including saturated fats and smoking, symptoms such as angina and heart attack, and treatments including medications, stents, bypass surgery, and lifestyle changes to prevent CHD.

2. Most Frequently Asked Questions
 Have you ever noticed any of your family members , relatives
or friends that after walking for a certain distance, they come
across a sudden heaviness near the left arm and take rest. If
so what do you think has caused him or her this problem?
 Why is their an increase in the number of bypass surgeries
every year ?
 Why is the government and Agency's such as the National
Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) are taking action to
reduce smoking.

3. In this presentation I would be talking about:
 What is a Coronary Artery
 A diagram of the Coronary Arteries
 What is Coronary Heart Disease
 What are the Causes of Coronary Heart Disease
 What are the symptoms which the heart patient goes through
Video clippings of me interviewing a patient (Mr. Seshadri)
 Treatments to CHD
 What is the lifestyle we would follow to prevent Coronary Heart
Disease

4. • Coronary arteries are arteries that supply oxygen and nutrient filled
blood to the cardiac muscle( heart muscle)
•There are two main coronary arteries: right coronary artery and left
coronary artery. Other arteries diverge from these two main arteries and
extend to the bottom portion of the heart.
•Right Coronary Artery - Supplies oxygenated blood to the walls of the
ventricles and the right atrium.
Left Main Coronary Artery - Directs oxygenated blood to the descend
left anterior in a artery and the left circumflex.

5. (1) “ Coronary Artery." Coronary Artery. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.
<http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/coronary_artery.html

6.  Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a narrowing of the coronary
arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the cardiac
muscles. (2).
 Like I said earlier, Coronary Heart disease is not only a major
issue in the developing countries but also in the developed
countries such as UK . There are about 82,000 deaths
because of Coronary Heart Disease in UK.
(2) "Coronary Heart Disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S
National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d.
Web. 23 Sept. 2013.
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007115.htm>.

7.  Saturated Fats: It forms a plaque on the walls of the artery walls.
This prevents the coronary heart disease from bringing oxygen
and blood. This causes the arteries to become narrower
 High Blood Pressure: It damages the internal lining of the artery.
When the internal lining of the artery gets damaged , the fats
start to deposit in the artery.
 High Levels Of Stress: It produces harmful chemicals which
damages the cardiac membrane.
 Smoking: Carbon monoxide, nicotine and other chemicals in
cigarettes puts strain to the heart to work faster and damage
the lining of the arteries.
.

8.  Thrombosis: It is a blood cloth within the coronary arteries
which may narrow the coronary arteries and prevents blood
supply to the coronary heart disease.
 Diabetes: High blood sugar levels may not directly cause
Coronary Heart Disease but instead may cause diabetes.
Diabetes may cause Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
because it may cause the lining of blood vessels to become
thicker, which can restrict blood flow.
(4) "Introduction." Introduction. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013.
<http://bme240.eng.uci.edu/students/07s/dkim/Introduction.html>.

9.  Genes: Some people have genes that have double chances
of getting Coronary Heart Disease. Well according to The
Jakarta Post “If you have a relative who died of heart disease
before age 60, your own risk of early heart trouble is higher as
well, a study involving millions of people in Denmark over
three decades has determined .Family history of premature
heart disease has long”.
(5) Family History Foretells Early Heart Disease." Home. N.p., n.d.
Web. 23 Sept. 2013.
<http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/08/25/family-
history-foretells-early-heart-disease.html

10. "Coronary Artery." Coronary Artery. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.
<http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/coronary_artery.html>.

11.  Angina: When there is partial block on the coronary artery , the
patients can suffer chest pain which is also known as Angina.
Several Angina attacks may cause the patient to face a painful
feeling of heaviness or tightness usually in the centre of the chest
which may spread to the arms , neck , jaw , back or the stomach.
This picture below shows the typical distributions of Angina(5)
 (5) "Health Information." Health Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept.
2013. <http://www.migration24x7.org/angina/understanding-
angina-or-chest-pain/>.

12. Heart Attack :
Heart Attack is caused when a patient’s arteries have
become blocked. Heart Attack may cause permanent
damage to the heart muscles. A heart attack can happen
at any time, including while you are resting.
During a heart attack a patient may experience:
 sweating
 lightheadedness
 nausea
 Breathlessness
However, these symptoms can also be accompanied by a
pain that affects the arms (particularly the left arm), the
neck and the jaw.

13. Other than Angina and Heart attack, a patient suffering from Coronary
Heart Disease can also undergo other symptoms such as :
 Shortness of breath.
 Palpitations (irregular heart beats, or a "flip-flop" feeling in your
chest).
 A faster heartbeat.
 Weakness or dizziness.
 Nausea.
 Sweating.

15.  To treat Coronary Heart Diseases , the
doctor would suggest either two ways
which are :
i. Medical
ii. Surgical

16. Medical Treatments:
 Cholesterol Lowering Drugs:
To reduce the built up of plaque in the heart’s arteries
 Beta Blockers:
To slow the heart which increases which decreases the heart need of
oxygen.
 Calcium Channel Blockers:
This is used to relax the muscles near the Coronary Artery. This allows more
blood to flow through the heart. This also helps in controlling high blood
pressure
 ACE Inhibitors:
This allows the blood flow through the heart more easily . This is also helpful
in reducing the heart’s work load.
 Diuretics :
This lowers the blood pressure in the body which reduces work load in the
heart

17. Surgical Treatments :
Bypass Surgery:
Surgeons usually make a cut down the middle of the breastbone to reach
your heart. But in some operations the breastbone doesn't need to be cut.
This is called minimally invasive surgery.If your surgeon needs to cut your
breastbone, you will have a long wound down the middle of your chest. If
you have had a vein graft from your leg or an artery graft from your
arm, you will have a smaller wound in these places
Beating Heart Surgery :
 Beating-heart surgery is a way to perform surgery without stopping the heart.
Surgeons use a special device to stabilize the part of the heart on which they
are operating. The heart continues to beat and circulate blood to heart
muscle during the operation.
 Surgery on a stopped heart is common, and some heart procedures can
only be performed on a motionless heart so they use a solution known as
cardipedia

18.  Stents:
I. A stent is a small mesh tube that's used to treat narrow or weak
arteries.
II. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart to
other parts of your body.A stent is placed in an artery as part of a
procedure called angioplasty .
III. Angioplasty restores blood flow through narrow or blocked arteries.
A stent helps support the inner wall of the artery in the months or
years after angioplasty.
IV. Doctors also may place stents in weak arteries to improve blood
flow and help prevent the arteries from bursting.

22.  Drink enough water a day to prevent Coronary Heart Disease
 Make frends to keep company with to reduce the stress levels
 Refrain from Smoking- If you don’t smoke PLEASE DON’T
START.
 Steer clear of all Second hand Smoke. Avoid Passive smoking.
 Exercise regularly – Atleast 30 minutes of daily exercise
 Keep a watch on weight and BMI
 Beware of foods with unhealthy fats and cholesterol- Eat
fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
 Check blood pressure once in 2 years.
 Start checking Cholesterol from the age of 20.
 Have a positive mindset which would reduce stress levels
 Pick a hobby and enjoy your day

23.  "Coronary Artery." Coronary Artery. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.
<http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/coronary_artery.ht
ml>.
 "Coronary Heart Disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S
National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d.
Web. 23 Sept. 2013.
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007115.htm>.
 "Treating Coronary Artery Disease (Part 3 of 3) |
HealthiNation." YouTube. YouTube, 20 Jan. 2012. Web. 27 Sept. 2013.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09QKVr6nVdM>.
 "Stents for Blocked Arteries versus Medication and Lifestyle
Changes." YouTube. YouTube, 22 Mar. 2012. Web. 28 Sept. 2013.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSdF6_1DGls>.

24.  Coronary Artery Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and
Treatment." YouTube. YouTube, 25 Dec. 2011. Web. 27 Sept. 2013.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZgGTalbtCw>.
 "Heart Bypass Surgery (CABG)." YouTube. YouTube, 09 Feb. 2009.
Web. 27 Sept. 2013.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Nf6Q2skGOM
"Introduction." Introduction. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013.
<http://bme240.eng.uci.edu/students/07s/dkim/Introduction.html>.