1. History of plant tissue culture
Course title
Plant tissue and cell culture (Bot-523)
TO
Dr. Zohra Kabeer
By
(BOT-MS19009)
Department
Botany MS 2nd semester
2. Introduction
The culture of plant tissue applies to the sterile culture of in vitro cells,
tissues, muscles, and other prominent components under well-
demarcated somatic and chemical conditions.
Tissue cultivation is additional means for plant vegetative proliferation.
The plants are usually growing free of bacterial and fungal diseases in
vitro.
Virus elimination and safeguarding of plants in a virus-free stage can
also be rapidly completed in cultures.
3. How the concept of tissue culture
came into existence?
Gottlieb Haberlandt was the first scientist who worked on plant tissue culture
technique, but eventually failed.
Even though he describe the term totipotency.
Gottlieb Haberlandt called as Father of plant tissue culture.
4. History
Gottlieb Haberlandt (1902) selected a single isolated cell from the leaves for
his experiments. He used red dead nettle tissue, water hyacinth, Ornithogalum
epidermis, and epidermal or cuticle pulmonary hair.
They were grown on knobs of salt solution (1865) with disaccharides mainly sucrose
and evident growth in palisade cells was observed.
In the first instance, the cells are alive for one month and then died.
Haberlandt also appeared to have the idea of growth hormones, which he named
growth enzymes.
5.
6. Haning
In 1904, however, Haning initiated a new line of research that could be
developed into an important field of applied in vitro techniques.
Haning separated almost mature embryos from several crucifers and
effectively matured in mineral salts and sugar solution
7. Laibach
The functional application of embryo culture is developed in the field of plant
breeding by laibach in 1925-1929.
He separated embryos from non sustainable cross between perennial flax X Asian
flax in culture media.
The experiments failed, but many results could be achieved by studying the
embryo's maturity circumstances and understanding the right time for seed
preparation.
It should be mentioned here that several hybrids have been cultivated by
embryo culture that would otherwise have died as a result of abortion by
embryos
8. Robbins and Kotte
In 1922 recounted a certain achievement with growing isolated root tips.
White supported further work by Robbins and Maneval in 1924 to improve
root growth, but White completed the primary successful report of
continuously growing tomato root tip cultivations in 1934.
9. White
White sponsored the number of root cultures introduced in 1934 until just
before his death in 1968, this synthetic medium is confirmed to be essential for
all cell and tissue culture of all kind.
Street and its students thought of a wide-ranging study of root culture through
1939-1950 to realize the role of vitamins in plant growth and the relationship
between shoot and root.
10. Raghavan,torrey and Norstog
Following in-depth studies by Raghavan and Torrey (1963), Norstog (1965) and
others on the creation of synthetic media for the younger embryo community.
Younger embryos either did not remain alive or were exposed to calluses.
Liu et al. (1993) recently clarified the double-layer culture system and the
complex nutrient medium that developed the embryonic development of the
excreted early globular (35 m) embryos from Brown mustard.
The development of bare zygote germ embryos formed by the in vitro fusion of
male and female gametes is also remarkable.
11. Van Overbeek
In 1941 van Overbeek and the collaborators exhibited for the first time the
stimulating effects of coconut milk on embryo enlargement and callus
development in Datura.
This work demonstrates a turning point in the field of embryo culture.
12. Other Important discoveries
In the mid-1930s two important discoveries completed which gave great
strength to the development of techniques for plant tissue cultivation were
Auxin identified as phytohormone
Recognition of B-vitamin’s significance in plant growth
During the 1930s, the modern technique of plant tissue culture advanced
promptly because of the discovery that B-vitamin and natural auxin were
crucial to the growth of isolated tissues.
13. Conti…..
White 1937 described the growth-promoting effects of thiamine on the root
tips of isolated tomatoes.
Duhamet (1939) described IAA’s growth stimulation of excised roots.
Gautheret had cultivated cambium cells of various species of trees (goat
willow, black polar), and recovered that they had proliferated for several
months.
14. Panchanan Maheshwari, along with his colleagues and students in India, was
also very involved in the work of angiosperm embryology that began before
the war and continued into the 1940s.
Skoog and Tussi (1951) and Miller et al (1955) work on In vitro cell
differentiation, discovery of Kinetin.
15. In 1957 miller and Skoog postulates that the initiation of root and shoot in cultured
callus is organized by the ratio of auxins and cytokinins in the culture media.
In 1960 G Morel done experiments on the enlargement of shoot apex culture
techniques.
1962 Murashing and skoog made two media way out for white media. Most of the
90% of tissue culture laboratories use the MS media.
Several other types of researches are done in this field for the advancement that is
very helpful for further experiments and further studies
16. Importance of plant Tissue culture:
Making specific copies of plants which produce mainly good flowers, fruits.
Too quickly for mature plants to yield. Production of plants multiples in
seed shortage.
Regeneration of whole plants from GM plant cells. Chances of disease, pest,
and pathogens spread have diminished.
The development of seed plants which have very low germination and
growing possibilities.
Cleaning various plants from viral and other diseases and speedily
multiplying plants such as 'cleaned stocks' for horticulture and agriculture.
