1. 1
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‫البلديــــــة‬ ‫وأصــــول‬ ‫التحتيــــة‬ ‫البنيــــة‬ ‫قطــــاع‬‫البلديــــــة‬ ‫وأصــــول‬ ‫التحتيــــة‬ ‫البنيــــة‬ ‫قطــــاع‬
‫إدارة‬‫إدارة‬‫الترفيهية‬ ‫والمنتزهات‬ ‫الحدائق‬‫الترفيهية‬ ‫والمنتزهات‬ ‫الحدائق‬
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2. 2
The Executive Council of the Abu Dhabi Emirate is
seeking to have Abu Dhabi as one of the top five cities
in the world.
To assist in achieving this vision the Municipality of
Abu Dhabi City, through the Parks and Recreational
Facilities Division has prepared these guidelines for
development of the landscape in the region.
The guidelines will be particularly useful for developers
and landscape consultants in their design of landscape
works. It sets out aspects that need to consider in the
design. As well as developing a desirable place to live
these guidelines fulfills the sustainability criteria,
which is needed to provide for tomorrow’s world.

3. 3
Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Considerations on Design Concepts
2.1. Culture, Heritage and Local Environmental Factors
2.2. Sustainability
2.3. Safety
2.4. Quality and Budget
2.5. Function
2.6. Landscape Materials
3. Parks
3.1. Pocket Parks
3.2. Linear Parks
3.3. City Parks
3.4. Waterfront and Island Parks
3.5. Other Specific Parks and Gardens
4. Streetscape
4.1. Pedestrian Walkways
4.2. Medians
4.3. Roundabouts and Intersections
4.4. Interchanges
4.5. Highways
Appendices
1: Design Procedure for Approval
2: Common Plant Species in Abu Dhabi
2.1. Drought Tolerant Plants
2.2. Salinity Tolerant Plants

4. 4
1. Introduction
The purpose of PRFD landscape policies are
to promote the identity of an attractive city,
public comfort, safety, and welfare by
establishing standards of practice for the
preservations, the improvements and the
new developments of landscape in Abu
Dhabi city.
All Landscape practices must be conducted
in sustainable, environmental friendly ways
and aimed for Abu Dhabi city being within
top five best cities in the world.
The Design Guidelines contain general
performance criteria, standards, and design
objectives that are to be considered by RFD
when evaluating development proposals.
The proposals will be reviewed according to
the guidelines in addition to other
development regulations as they may apply.
2. General Considerations on Design
Concepts
In order to create a unique and top quality landscape in Abu
Dhabi city, landscape designers must consider the Emirate
culture and heritage, local environmental factors,
sustainability, safety, quality, budget, function, and
appropriate landscape materials on design concepts and
develop these into the final designs.

5. 5
2.1. Culture, Heritage and Local
Environmental Factors
2.1.1. Consider Islamic, Arabic, local
culture and heritage, and translating
them into more modern forms
where appropriate.
2.1.2. Adapt the local cultural patterns of
space usage in design: family –
oriented culture, religion.
2.1.3. Reflect cultural richness of Abu
Dhabi in development of the parks
as many residents come from all
over the world
2.1.4. Provide shade with trees and
structures such as covered
walkways, pergolas wherever
possible.
2.1.5. Provide protection from sand storms
and from shifting sand by wind to
proposed landscape areas by buffer
planting, wherever possible
especially in the mainland of Abu
Dhabi city.
2.1.6. Create microclimate zones with trees, water features, etc. where appropriate.
2.1.7. Consider the characters of local landscape that are sand dune, wadi, oasis, and
sea where appropriate
2.2. Sustainability
2.2.1. Preserve and rehabilitate the local
wildlife ecological vegetation,
water features, and sand dunes
wherever possible.
2.2.2. Retain existing landscape
elements: trees, palms, mangroves,
native vegetation, water features,
and sand dunes wherever possible.

6. 6
2.2.3. Consider Xeriscape Landscape concepts that conserve and utilize resources, and
reinforce the desert character of the region.
2.2.4. Water should be conserved through low water required planting, soil condition,
mulching, and irrigation.
2.2.5. Consider efficient irrigation and drainage systems, and grouping plant materials
with similar water needs and environmental requirements.
2.2.6. Avoid creating large exposed water features in order to prevent evaporative
water loss
2.2.7. Consider energy efficiency, renewal and conservation: solar and wind energy.
2.2.8. Create pedestrian friendly environments and cycle ways.
2.2.9. Use environmental friendly materials and reuse hard materials where
appropriate.
2.3. Safety
2.3.1. Assess any hazardous situations and provide safe environments for users.
2.3.2. Avoid selecting dangerous or poisonous plant species in public areas.
2.3.3. Avoid hiding places for criminal elements, visual obstructions, and visually
isolated areas.
2.3.4. Specify play equipments, street furniture and other materials that meet high
standards and are certified internationally.
2.3.5. Provide safe access to parks without busy traffic.
2.4. Quality and Budget
2.4.1. Use high quality hard and soft landscape materials that meet the internationally
certified and recognized standards.
2.4.2. Design, implementation and maintenance costs must remain within set budgets

7. 7
2.5. Function
2.5.1. Provide a comfortable and safe walking environment with accessible ramps for
wheelchairs and disabled, and no obstacles on walkways, etc.
2.5.2. Provide separate paths for cycle and wheeled sports from pedestrian walkways,
or provide walkways that are wide enough to combine both pedestrians and
riders at the same time.
2.5.3. Clearly indicate routes through attractive signage for wayfinding that provides
information to users.
2.5.4. Use different color, material and pattern schemes in hard and soft landscapes at
different locations in order to enhance legibility.
2.5.5. Ensure sufficient lighting for securing evening use of facilities, discouraging
vandalism, and providing visual attraction.
2.6. Landscape Materials
2.6.1. Soft Materials
2.6.1.1. Adapt the principles of Xeriscape
that are appropriate selection of
native and adaptive species,
efficient irrigation and drainage,
soil analysis and improvements,
mulching, and appropriate
maintenance .
(Refer to Appendix 2)
2.6.1.2. A combination of max. 50% soft
materials and min. 50% hard
materials have to be used in all
proposed landscape projects.
Exceptional areas such as public
parks and focal areas could be
allowed higher percentage of soft
materials and adaptive
ornamental species where
appropriate.

8. 8
2.6.1.3. Specify standard sizes and spacing of all plant categories for proposed design.
2.6.1.4. Select plant materials that will not obstruct critical views in streetscape as
they mature.
2.6.1.5. Use groundcovers or low shrubs instead of grass for low water consumption
and low maintenance.
2.6.1.5. Choice & placement of soft materials should meet the following conditions:
1) Environmental conditions: soil, water, saline, climate, sun/wind exposure
2) Cultural conditions: impressions, images
3) Functional conditions : durable, maintenance, conservation
4) Aesthetic conditions : shape, colour, texture
5) Characters of soft materials in different settings
a) Urban Settings:
 Formal appearance
 Native and adaptive ornamental species,
 Tolerant to pollutions, structures and utilities
b) Suburban, Seafront and Parkland Settings:
 Informal, natural appearance
 Native and adaptive plant species, wildlife flora
2.6.2. Hard Materials
2.6.2.1. Use materials that are durable, environment friendly, tolerant with local
environmental condition, vandal-resistant and low maintenance.
2.6.2.2. Consider reducing impacts of ‘Heat Island’ by using materials which have
acceptable level of solar reflectance.
2.6.2.3. Use local materials and reuse them where appropriate

9. 9
Main Route (elevation-1)
Minor Route (elevation-2)
3. Parks
Parks must be pleasant and promote a sense of place with safe, functional, and
attractive facilities that meet user’s needs.
a) Provide shade structures or shade
trees throughout park especially areas
such as play area, sitting area, car
park, BBQ area, and other activity
areas.
b) Width of paths in a park varies
according to function, location, and
size of park. Usually main routes are
min. 2.4m wide, minor routes are min.
1.2m wide. (Refer to elevations 1 & 2)
c) Access for maintenance vehicles is 3m
wide (min. 2.4m).
d) Provide easy access for wheelchairs,
pushchairs and disabled. And also
avoid blocking access with busy traffic
and tall barriers wherever possible.
e) Clearly indicate main and minor
routes through attractive signage in
order to enhance wayfinding.
f) Place seats in planted areas facing
pleasing views and provide a sense
of security with landscape elements.
g) Provide necessary amenities such as
toilets, car parks, vending machines,
and prayer areas where appropriate.
h) Lighting at night shall provide for
safety, and anticipated recreational
use while limiting glare impacts on
nearby residential areas

10. 10
i) Views into and out of park should be opened or filtered rather than being solidly
enclosed.
j) Play Areas should be designed according to size, location, and user’s needs:
 It must be protected, shaded with shade structures or trees, and provided
with seats for adults to supervise
 It should be located in a designated area to avoid disturbing other park users
who prefer being in tranquil settings.
 It should be designed for different age groups, i.e. 0-4yrs, 5-10yrs, teenagers,
activity types, settings, and also be incorporated with safety surfaces and
safety zones between play equipment.
 Play equipment should be durable, low maintenance requirements, and be
manufactured to meet internationally recognized standards.
 Use natural materials such as sand, logs, boulders, rocks, and water that
could be used as play equipment.
 Thorny or poisonous plants are not permissible.
Typical examples of parks are as follows:
3.1. Pocket Parks
Place making should be considered for creating pocket parks and help to give identity to
a community. They are usually located adjacent to the street so that people are
attracted to use them.
3.1.1. Provide easy and safe access that connects to pedestrian walkways, amenities
and mosques. A park surrounded by lanes of fast-moving traffic will be cut off
from pedestrians.
3.1.2. Provide effective circulations for passerby without blocking pedestrian
movements
3.1.3. Consider a water feature as a focal point as its sound creates a sense of quiet,
privacy and buffers the traffic noise.

11. 11
3.1.4. Provide buffer planting to reduce noise level and to screen the vehicles passing
by where appropriate.
3.1.5. Basic play equipments for small children.
3.2. Linear Parks
Linear parks could be greenways through neighborhoods, providing valuable recreation
resources. Linked greenways can connect people and places, i.e. museums, schools, and
other greenways.
3.2.1. Propose wide landscaped verges to pedestrian and cycle routes, and link to parks
and open spaces.
3.2.2. Access from main roads that must be able to get inside easily with clear
entrances and visible to people passing by in vehicles or on foot.
3.2.3. Provide a hierarchy of pedestrian links away from busy roads and increase the
amount of usable public space
3.2.4. Clear signage for wayfinding that indicates main roads and amenities.
3.2.5. Provide a variety of activities and facilities: cycling, walking, jogging, skating,
picnic and range of play opportunities.
3.2.6. Active game areas should be fenced or placed away from roads.
3.2.7. Provide shaded picnic tables and benches along the circulation and throughout
the park.
3.3. City Parks
City parks could be categorized according to size and location such as neighborhood,
district parks, etc.
The advantages of having neighborhood parks include the increased security and
surveillance, as well as providing open space or ‘urban lung’ within each neighborhood
that is easily accessed by pedestrians. It should be family-oriented, within residential
neighborhoods for getting together for picnics, games, sports, etc.
3.3.1. Provide seats, bins and other furniture for family as well as individual usage, and
screens or plantings for family privacy where appropriate

12. 12
3.3.2. Majority of park spaces should be visible from the perimeter to increase safety.
This can be achieved by using large trees rather than extensive shrubs.
3.3.3. Enhance pedestrian and bicycle access into and through the park.
3.3.4. Provide circulation routes for park users in relation to their functions to
encourage appropriate movement to facilities and activities.
3.3.5. Consider comfortable seats for either individuals or family and place seats away
from circulation paths so that pedestrians do not disturb sitters where
appropriate.
3.3.6. Create a hierarchy of spaces with different activities and functions that provide
pleasant transitions: active-passive, formal-informal, natural-structured, and
vehicle-pedestrian.
3.3.7. Provide for the community events, i.e. flea market, souqs and cafes where
appropriate.
3.4. Waterfront and Island Parks
3.4.1. Retain as much of natural settings: natural coastal landforms and vegetation,
along with the views of Gulf and Khor, while accommodating recreational
opportunities through trails and open spaces.
3.4.2. Provide public amenities and recreational facilities that are related to water
sports, promenades, beaches and leisure.
3.4.3. Provide pedestrian paths and vehicle access for maintenance in order to protect
the natural environment from uncontrolled access.
3.4.4. Clear signage on a trail system should lead visitors to destinations whilst
experiencing nature.
3.4.5. Retain slope stability, coastal habitats, and hydrologic conditions.
3.5. Other Specific Parks and Gardens
Introduce specific parks and gardens that meet local demands and conditions such as
rock garden, environmental garden, historical garden, medicine & herb garden,
botanical garden, and etc.

13. 13
4. Streetscape
a) Streets must be functional, safe, and attractive to enhance the legibility of city
for pedestrians and vehicle users.
b) Preserve as many of existing healthy, mature trees as possible and incorporate
these into new designs.
c) Provide traffic calming elements in streets of residential area that reduce high
traffic levels and enhance resident’s mobility.
d) Create a sense of place and a comfortable, inviting environment by using shade
structures, outdoor seats, fountains, public arts and other landscape elements.
e) Provide pedestrian friendly environment and pedestrianisation should be
created where appropriate.
f) Undesirable views including car parks should be screened with plantings from
walkways and roads wherever possible
g) Consider plants, paving, and other landscape elements that should be consistent
in each neighborhood or along each street.
h) Use vertical elements instead of details and patterns, which will have the most
significant impact on the driver’s perception.
i) Tree species should be tolerant to survive in polluted environments in urban
areas. They should be maintained with a high canopy, and should not have safety
and maintenance requirements in terms of fruits and seeds.
j) Consider accessibility for long term maintenance

14. 14
Walkway more than 5m wide (elevation 4)
Walkway adjacent to main road (elevation 3)
Dropped kerb & Road Crossing (perspective 1)
4.1. Pedestrian Walkways
4.1.1. The width of walkways must be min.
3m adjacent to main road and min.
2m adjacent to minor road excluding
planting area, furniture, shop
frontage opening, utilities and
lighting poles, with using of standard
kerb heights of 125mm. (Refer to
elevation 3)
4.1.2. Shade tree planting should be at 5-8
m distances in the middle of
pedestrian walkways where space is
available. (Refer to elevation 4)
4.1.3. Walkways adjacent to roads should
be separated from road by a min.
300mm planting zone with trees,
low-medium shrubs or groundcovers
to create secure barriers where
appropriate. (Refer to elevation 3 &
4)
4.1.4. Walkways with raised road crossing
that should be provided for
pedestrian/vehicle safety and
visibility at intersections/crossings
where appropriate.
4.1.5. Walkways should avoid obstacles
that will block pedestrian movements
and sightlines.
4.1.6. Provide dropped kerb with tactile
surface on pedestrian road
crossings. Dropped kerb should be
min. 2m wide without any
obstacles and no more than

15. 15
Raised Road Crossing (perspective 2)
gradients of 5% (1 in 20). (Refer to
perspective 1)
4.1.7. Provide walkways either with
dropped kerb or with raised road
crossing at all controlled road
crossings and any areas used by
pedestrians. Raised crossing
should be min. 2.4m wide and
level with pedestrian walkway
(Refer to perspective 2).
4.1.8. Raised road crossing should be used with removable bollards on the centerline
of walkway to inhibit vehicle access where appropriate.
4.1.9. Provide separate cycle path from pedestrian walkways wherever
possible.
4.1.10. Provide sufficient shade with shade structures and/or with trees planted close
spacing of 5m to 8m for maximum shade.
4.1.11. No car park spaces and car access should be placed between pedestrian walkway
and building wherever possible.
4.1.12. Provide functional, durable and attractive street furniture: seats, bins, lightings,
bollards, signage and bicycle parks correlating to paving materials and planting.
4.2. Medians
4.2.1. Medians in urban areas should have high canopy trees in order to maintain safe
and unobstructed sightlines to major destination, views to intersections,
pedestrian crossings, and signage.
4.2.2. Aesthetic Concepts of medians:
 Drought tolerant plants with hard materials.
 Lighting on primary corridors
 Year round color and texture
 Visual Interests
4.2.3. Create focal features for entrances to the community and neighborhood.
4.2.4. Provide low maintenance landscape and irrigation systems that are efficient and
reduce runoff into traffic lanes.

16. 16
4.2.5. Plant low-medium shrubs up to a height of 900mm with trees as a separating
barrier to reduce impact of traffic incidents.
4.2.6. Planting should be set back 500 mm from road edge to avoid overhanging of
road.
4.3. Roundabouts and Intersections
4.3.1. Each intersection and roundabout should have a characteristic design so as to be
recognized as a landmark which gives a recognizable and memorable image for
vehicular users as well as pedestrians.
4.3.2. Provide full visibility of crossing, oncoming traffic and clear edges to avoid
blocking sightlines.
4.3.3. Use elevated features that allow distant views to roundabouts.
4.4. Interchanges
4.4.1. Trees and other landscape elements should be used on interchanges to highlight
and assist in wayfinding journey to towns, communities, and main destinations.
4.4.2. Create visible and aesthetic elements in the driver’s line of sight at the entrances
of interchanges.
4.4.3. Consider planting on slopes or terraces that are difficult to be maintained.
4.4.4. Consider shade areas and inaccessible areas that should be either eliminated
structurally using walls or surfaced with non-living materials.
4.5. Highways
4.5.1. Xeriscape principles should be used as viewers from speeding cars will be unable
to distinguish specific plant materials.
4.5.2. Designs should be as simple, robust and clear as possible, and sequences of
visual experience over time and not a single view.
4.5.3. Use materials and techniques that provide drivers with a clear picture of
information.
4.5.4. In the median of the highway, screen planting should be used to defuse head
light glare from cars in the opposite direction.
4.5.5. Provide strips of wide clear verges with groundcovers or hard materials.
4.5.6. Provide lay-by/rest areas as small parks and passive recreation areas for road
users to stop and rest.

17. 17
Appendix 1: Design Procedure for Approval
All designs should comply with the landscape design guidelines issued by PRFD, Abu
Dhabi Municipality and be submitted in the following stages.
Stage 1
1) Site Survey and Analysis
 Existing vegetation, irrigations, soil conditions, climatic analysis, surroundings,
user groups, utilities, constraints and etc.
2) Proposals and Suggestions
 Concept Designs with images, sketches or photos, and other supporting
documents
 Presentation if required
3) Cost Estimates
4) Environmental Assessment
Stage 2
1) Preliminary Design (hand or CAD drawn):
2) Sections, elevations, sketches
3) Palettes of soft and hard materials
Stage 3
1) Final Design (CAD drawn)
 Master plan with sketches, sections, elevations, perspectives and other
supporting documents
 Presentation if required
2) Tender documents
 Soft and hard landscape detail plans
 Specifications
 Bills of Quantities and detailed cost analysis

18. 18
Appendix 2: Common Plant Species in Abu Dhabi Emirate
2.1. Drought Tolerant Plants
2.1.1. Low drought tolerant plants are the most common species. They can survive
with inadequate amounts of moisture which can be obtained in part of the root
zone.
Codiaeum Crassula
Cotelydon Dalbergia Sissoo
2.1.2. Medium drought tolerant plants are capable of enduring the climate which has
distinctive dry season. The plants may survive for several months with little
watering.
Adenium
Agave
Albizia Lebbeck
Azadirachta indica
Bougainvillea glabra
Caesalpinia Gilliesii
Callistemon Citrinus
Calotropis
Carissa macrocarpa
Cassia didymobotrya
Chamaerops
Coccoloba
Cocos
Cordia
Cynodon dactylon
Erythrina
Ficus benghalensis
Ficus carica
Ficus elastica
Ficus religiosa
Ficus Sycomorus
Guaiacum
Jatropha
Lantana Camara
Lantana Camara (cultivars)
Lawsonia inermis
Malvaviscus
Murraya
Myrtus communis
Olea europaea
Phoenix canariensis
Plumeria acutifolia
Poinciana regia
Rosemarinus officinalis
Schinus molle
Tecoma
Thevetia peruviana
Zamia pumila

19. 19
2.1.3. High drought tolerant plants are capable of storing great quantities of water in
their stems or can withstand periods of many months of drought.
Acacia nilotica Jacaranda mimosifolia
Acacia tortilis Lantana montevidensis
Agave spp Leucophyllum
Aloe Nerium oleander
Atriplex spp Opuntia spp.
Bougainvillea spectabilis Phoenix dactylifera
Parkinsonia aculeate Pithecellobium
Caesalpinia pulcherrima Tamarix
Calotropis procera Terminalia
Casuarina equisetifolia Thespesia
Creatonia siliqua Washingtonia
Clerodendron inerme Yucca
Conocarpus Ziziphus jujuba
Dodonaea viscosa Ziziphus spina-christi
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Euphorbia (succulents)
Ficus palmeri
2.2. Salt Tolerant Plants
The desert and coastal regions have certain levels of salinity in the soil. Many
salt-tolerant plants could be categorized as a drought tolerant as they adapt in
the conditions. The salt tolerant plants could be classified as follows:
2.2.1. Low salt tolerant plants can only survive in soil containing a minimum of salty
substances.
Acacia auriculiformis Hibiscus rosasinensis
Agave attenuate Jacaranda mimosifolia
Agave sisalana Phoenix canariensis
Albizia lebbeck Plumbago capensis
Bauhinia purpurea Punica granatum
Caesalpinia gilliesi Ravenala madagascariensis
Callistemon viminalis Roystonia regia
Caryota mitis Schinus terebinthifolius
Cassia fistula Spathodea campanulata
Cassia nodosa Strelitzia nicolai
Cestrum dirurum Tecoma
Cycas revoluta Tecomaria capensis
Delonix regia Yucca elephantipes

20. 20
Duranta repens Yucca whipplei
Erythrina caffra
2.2.2. Medium salt tolerant plants that survive with the marine wind or inhabit in the
soil containing a moderate salinity which is far from saturated in it.
Acacia arabica Ficus benghalensis
Acacia saligna Ficus benjamina
Adenium obesum Ficus nitida
Agave Americana Ficus religiosa
Aloe spp. Jatropha integrima
Bougainvillea spp. Opuntia(most)
Caesalpinia pulcherrima Parkinsonia aculeate
Cordia sebestena Peltophorum inerme
Cryptostegia grandiflora Pennisetum setaceum
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Phoenix dactylifera
Erythrina herbacea Pithecellobium flexicaule
Eugenia jambolana Plumeria spp.
Euphorbia fulgens Prosopis spicigera
Euphorbia grandicornis Rosmarinus officinalis
Euphorbia polyacantha Yucca filamentosa
Euphorbia punicea Yucca gloriosa
Euphorbia tirucalli Yucca recurvifolia
Euphorbia trigona Yucca rostrata
2.2.3. High salt tolerant plants can survive at the edge of the sea or in the salt pans
that have high ground water table.
Agave angustifolia Nerium oleander
Agave neglecta Pandanus veitchii
Atriplex spp. Phragmites spp.
Carissa grandiflora Pittosporum tobira
Carissa grandiflora (varieties) Prosopis juliflora
Casuarina equisetifolia Scaevola plumieri
Clerodendrum inerme Scaevola taccada
Coccoloba unifera Tamarix spp.
Cocos nucifera Terminalia Catappa
Conocarpus erectus Thespesia populnea
Dodonea spp. Thevetia peruviana
Euphorbia lacteal Vitex angus
Euphorbia milii Washingtonia filifera
Guaiacum spp. Washingtonia robusta
Hibiscus tiliaceus Yucca aloifolia
Leucophyllum frutescens Yucca smalliana

21. 21
Livistona chinensis Yucca treculeana
Lantana spp. Zamia furfuracea
Manilkara zapota Zamia pumila
Ziziphus jujuba
2.2.4. Extreme salt tolerant plants are such as mangrove species that grow in the sea
water.
Avicennia
Caesalpinia bonduc
Ipomoea imperati
Ipomoea macrantha
Ipomoea Pes-caprae
Rhizophora
Supersized by PRFD Manager:
 Eng. Ahmed Al Murikhi
Prepared by PRFD specialists in ADM:
1. Dr.AbdulSattar S. Al Mashhadani , Town Landscape Design Expert
2. Dany Baroud, Landscape Architect.
3. Jin Smith, Landscape Architect.
Evaluated by KEO International Consultants in Abu Dhabi:
1. Gorden Evans, Landscape Architect.
2. Elie Antoine Hajjar, Senior Project Manager.
This draft Issued and submitted to UPC in July 2009