2. Arc Rays
•Welding arcs are intensely brilliant
lights
•Contain UV light that may cause eye
damage.
•The arc should never be viewed with
the naked eye within a distance of 50
ft (15m)
•Due to the close proximity the arc is
more dangerous than sun exposure
•A burn to the eyes is known as ‘flash
burn’
•Results of excessive exposure to
ultraviolet radiation:
Causes eyes to feel like they are full of sand.
Can lead to premature cataracts of the eyes.
3. • Safety helmet
•Welders and welders’ helpers
must wear appropriate eye
protection.
•Lens of welding hoods, cutting
goggles, and hand shields must:
•Be arranged to protect
face, neck and ears from
radiant energy.
•Be made of tempered glass
and free of bubbles.
•Have lens shade readily
identified on glass.
4. Personal Protective
Equipment
•A welding helmet
•cotton or wool clothing. No synthetic
(flammable) materials are to be worn,
such as nylon, polyester or rayon.
•A welding jacket is preferred
•Leather welding gloves
•When welding, sleeves should be
buttoned
•Wear boots or high top; Tightly laced
shoes.
•Do not wear loose clothing, shirt tails,
and unbuttoned sleeves around power
equipment.
•Safety glasses are required at all times
while working
•Do Not carry matchers or lighter while
welding, cutting or grinding
5. Electric Shock
•The hazard of electric shock is one of the
most serious and immediate risks facing a
welder
•The maximum open circuit voltage for a
welder is 80 volts
•Wear dry gloves in good condition for
welding
•Do not touch the electrode or metal parts
with skin or wet clothing while the machine
is turned on
•Keep dry insulation between the body and
any grounded metal
•Do not stand in water while welding
•Do not place liquids on or above
welders/electrical equipment
•Keep welding cables and electrode holders
in good condition, check for broken electrode
•Remember water conducts electricity. You
are mostly water
6. Welding safety
•Never weld or flame out directly on
concrete, it could explode from the
heat
•Be cautious when picking up metal, it
could be hot
•Do not have hot metal in areas other
than those designated or clearly mark
the piece ‘Hot’
•Never pass current through a gas
cylinder
•Use screens to protect others from
the arc light
7. Welding Machine Care
•Welding machines should be cleaned
and maintained on a regular schedule
•Never exceed the rated duty cycle of
the machine
•The duty cycle is the % of time the
machine can be operated within a ten
minute period
•Example, a 60% duty cycle means that
it can be used for six minutes and
needs four minutes of cool down time
•If the duty cycle is exceeded the
internal heat will damage the machine
8. Ventilation Safety
•“Caution! Welding may produce
fumes and gases hazardous to health.
• Avoid breathing these fumes and
gases.
•Use adequate ventilation.
•If there is smoke on your welding
hood after welding, then your head is
in the wrong place
9. Gas Cutting
Or Oxyfuel Cutting (OFC)
•The oxyfuel cutting process uses a
combination of oxygen and a fuel to
provide a high temperature flame
10. General Cutting Safety
•The light from cutting can be
dangerous, a #5 shade filter lens is
recommended for most cutting
applications
•There is not enough UV light created
by flame to burn your skin
•Sparks, molten metal and flame can
burn you, wear protective clothing
11. Oxy-fuel Cutting
•OFC can be a manual process in which
the welder must control the torch
movement or a machine can control
the movement
•The term oxy-fuel gas cutting outfit
refers to all the equipment needed to
cut
•Cylinders contain oxygen at extremely
high pressure and a fuel gas at a low
pressure
12. Oxygen Cylinder Storage
Requirements
•Oxygen cylinders pressures 2000-2640 PSI
•Oxygen will not burn but will support combustion.
•Keep oil and grease off oxygen cylinder
•Separate oxygen cylinders from fuel gas cylinders or combustible
materials by a distance of at least 20 feet or separated by wall having
half hour fire rating
•Protect valves of oxygen cylinders (if valves are knocked off, the
cylinder becomes a “bomb”).
•Do not stand in front of regulator when turning it on, the diaphragm
in the regulator could blow outward.
•Inside buildings, cylinders shall be stored in well protected, well
ventilated areas and shall be stored away from elevators, stairs or
gangways. Assigned storage spaces shall be located where cylinders
will not be knocked over or damaged by passing or falling objects
•Valve protection caps, where cylinders are designed to accept a cap,
shall always be in place, hand-tight, except where cylinders are in use
or connected for use
13. •Never transport cylinders without the
safety caps in place
•Never transport with the regulators in
place
•Never allow bottles to stand freely.
Always chain them to a secure cart or
some other object that cannot be
toppled easily
•Never use cylinders as rollers or
supports
Cylinder Transportation
14. Oxygen Cylinders
•Oxygen cylinders incorporate a thin
metal “pressure safety disk” made
from stainless steel and are designed
to rupture prior to the cylinder
becoming damaged by pressure
•The cylinder valve should be turned
on all the way for any high pressure
cylinder
15. Pressure Regulators for
Cylinders
•Reduce high storage cylinder pressure
to lower working pressure
•Most regulators have a gauge for
cylinder pressure and working
pressure
•Regulators are shut off when the
adjusting screw is turn out completely
•Regulators maintain a constant torch
pressure although cylinder pressure
may vary
•Regulator diaphragm are made of
stainless steel
16. Regulator Hoses
•Hoses are fabricated from rubber
•Oxygen hoses are green in color and
have right hand thread
•Acetylene hoses are red in color with
left hand thread
•LPG hoses are yellow in color
17. Check Valves and Flash
back Arrestors
•Check valves allow gas to flow in one
direction only
•Flashback arrestors are designed to
eliminate the possibility of an
explosion at the cylinder
•Combination Check/Flashback Valves
can be placed at the torch or regulator
18. Acetylene Cylinders
•Acetylene is stored in cylinders
especially designed for this purpose
only
•Acetylene is extremely unstable in its
pure form at pressure above 15 PSI
•Acetone is also present within the
cylinder to stabilize the acetylene
•Acetylene cylinders should always be
stored in the upright position to
prevent the acetone from escaping
thus causing the acetylene to become
unstable
19. Fuel Gas Cylinder valves
•Fuel gas cylinder shut off valves
should only be opened ¼ to ½ turn
•This will allow the cylinder to be
closed quickly in case of fire
•Cylinder valve wrenches should be
left in place on cylinders that do not
have a hand wheel
20. Typical startup procedures
•Verify that equipment visually
appears safe i.e. hose condition,
visibility of gauges
•Clean torch orifices with a ‘tip
cleaners’ (a small wire gauge file set
used to clean slag and dirt from the
torch tip)
•Crack (or open) cylinder valves slightly
allowing pressure to enter the
regulators slowly
•Opening the cylinder valve quickly will
‘slam’ the regulator and will cause
failure
21. Flame Settings
•There are three distinct types of oxy-fuel
flames, usually termed:
•Neutral (3200 deg C)
•Carburizing (or “excess fuel”) (3000 deg C)
•Oxidizing (or “excess oxygen”) (3400 deg C)
•The type of flame produced depends upon
the ratio of oxygen to acetylene in the gas
mixture which leaves the torch tip
22. Portable Grinder Safety
•Safety glasses with side shields and a face
shield must be worn
•Hearing protection should be worn
•Never use a portable grinder without the
guard in place and correctly adjusted
•Always have the auxiliary handle fitted; hold
the grinder with both hands and never grind
aluminum with a wheel designed for steel.
The wheel will overheat and could explode
•Stable Stance
•Ensure the work piece is rightly supported
and firmly clamped
•Ensure the grinder is turned off during
plugging it in
•Check to make sure there are no flammable
materials that may be hit by sparks and check
the area for any smoldering material when
the work is completed
•The maximum speed in revolutions per
minute is marked on every wheel. Never
exceed this limit
23. Portable Grinder Care
•Inspect all wheels for cracks and
defects before mounting them
•Ensure that the mounting flange
surfaces are clean and flat
•Run nearly mounted wheels at
operating speed for one minute before
grinding
•Do not use a grinder that vibrates or
makes unusual noises
•If a grinder is dropped, you should
inspect the grinding wheel for cracks
or deflects
•Be aware of where your sparks arc
going
24. Fire Watch
A “fire watch” must be available
where there is a fire potential or
where;
•Combustible materials are closer than 35
feet to the point of operation.
•Walls opening within the 35 foot radius,
exposing combustible material.
•Material opposite metal walls and roofs
could catch fire from conduction or radiation.
A person acting as a “fire watch” must
have fire extinguishing agents readily
available and be trained in their use.
A fire watch must be maintained for at
least 30 minutes after work ceases.
25.
26. Using an Extinguisher
•To use an extinguisher, you pull out
the safety pin.
•Aim at the fuel, not the flames, and
depress the lever
•Move the stream side to side with a
sweeping motion
27. What if you catch on Fire
•Smother the flames with your welding
gloves
If the fire is large
•STOP where you are. Moving or
running feeds air to the flames and
worsens the fire
•DROP to the ground. If you stand up,
the fire can burn your face. Fold your
arms high on your chest to protect
your face.
•ROLL slowly on the floor or ground, or
in a blanket or rug, if you can
•COOL off as soon as possible with
water for first and second degree burn
28. Hot Work Area
A hot work permit is required for all hot work on site that is not conducted in a
designated area
•Designated areas
•Is a specific area designed and approved for hot work on a continual basis e.g. welding bays
•Hot work permit areas
•Is an area where hot work is permitted provided that they are made fire safe, a Hot Work
Permit has been issued and a job Hazard Analysis (JHA) has been completed
•Prohibited areas
•Is an area where there is a high potential for fire and or explostion or where combustible
hazrds cannot be adequatel controlled.
