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1. Social sciences
Presented to: Sir Faisal Shehzad
Presented by:
Usama javaid 2014-uetr-ce-04
M.Abaid Ullah 2014-uetr-ce-06
Sheeraz Ahmad 2014-uetr-ce-19
Abbdul Haseeb 2014-uetr-ce-26
University of Engineeering and Technology
, Lahore

2. Definition
Professional ethics is about your obligation to the public. As a professional, whether a doctor,
lawyer, engineer or accountant, you will have been tested and accepted by your profession and,
therefore, you are required to accept and support your professions public interest obligations.
Or
Professional ethics is the personal and corporate standards of behaviour expected of the members
of a particular profession.

3. Presentation Goals
• Knowledge. Know key forms and issues of ethics
• Criticism. Be able to argue for or against a proposition
• Constructive. Be able to suggest simple ethical guidelines
• International. Transpose those guidelines to an
international perspective
• Application. Use guidelines in daily work

4. Contents:
 Why ethics?
 What is ethics?
 What is the difference between ethics and morals?
 What is a Code of Ethics?
 Symmetrical ethics, and assymetrical ethics

5. Why ethics for Professionals?
 A basis for values and visions
 To motivate employees
 Perhaps demanded by customers
 For good relationships to stakeholders
 An overall check on plans
 To avoid various exposures and risks
 Part of governance
 Sustainability

6. Why ethics?
 The finance crisis
 A number of crimes, near-crimes and transgressions
 Managerialism (Robert Locke)
Managerialism is a belief in the value of professional managers and the concepts and methods they
use. It is associated with hierarchy, accountability and measurement, and a belief in the importance
of tightly managed organizations, as opposed to individuals, or groups that do not resemble an
organization
 Management not contributing to organisation growth/health
 Not contributing to society
 Money only management
 «Greed is good»
 Short term and limited plans
Greed is good. Embrace it. Love it. Live it. In fact, greed may
be the one thing that can save us. Don’t believe me? Greed
was the foundation for this country. The brave souls who
risked their life to settle in a new country did so out of self
interest. Our forefathers recognized the importance of self-
interest in the Declaration of Independence where they
emphasized our unalienable right to pursue happiness.
Robert Pagliarini blog, Moneywatch 2010

7. Why ethics ?
 Self-interest is pervasive economic idea
 Not supported by research, as overriding paradigm
 Country differences, in Japan a negative personality trait
 Other personal goals, sometimes more important:
 Family and friends
 Personal development (e.g. Maslow)
 Aestetics, a nice place to live
 Contribution to society

8. Relevance of ethics to Professionals
 Do good work (Aristotle)
 Plan holistically (systems theory)
 Consider end use (Aristotle)
 Evaluate both ends and means (Kant)
 Be stakeholder oriented (ISO 26000)
 Take care of the environment (ISO 26000)
 Contribute to knowledge

9. Moral philosophy:
Determining rights and wrongs, selecting actions to
achieve good results, evaluating motives.
(attempting to summarise several definitions)
The achievement of wisdom, choosing actions that are benefical and acceptable long term;
or sustainable. This implies a society focus.

10. Definition Morals:
Beliefs and behaviour of group. The group can be:
 Nation, or geographical area
 Group of nations
 Religious or life view groups, and subgroups
 Profession or similar
 Other organisation, e.g. sports, clan, NGO...
In an international organisation there can be many morals.

11. Professional code of ethics:
Many professions that are trusted by the public to apply expert knowledge (doctors, engineers,
surveyors, accountants and the like) have a Code of ethics which sets out their expectations of
a member’s behaviour and the boundaries within which members have to operate. A Code of
ethics helps to clarify the profession’s values provides a reference point for decision making
and can be used as a framework for discipline. Most Codes of ethics are principles based,
providing guidance as to the principles on which professional judgement and decisions should
be based, rather than a rigid system of rules.
There tend to be some common themes, so for example AAT’s Code of Ethics, like that of other
professional accountants, sets out 5 fundamental principles which members must apply:
 integrity,
 objectivity,
 professional competence and due care,
 Confidentiality
 professional behaviour.

12. Forms of professional ethics:
1. Metaethics (what is good? etc)
2. Normative ethics (what should we do?)
3. Applied ethics (how do we apply ethics to work and lives?)
4. Moral psychology (the biological and psychological bases)
5. Descriptive ethics (what morals people follow)

13. 1. Metaethics:
Metaethics is a branch of analytic philosophy that explores the status, foundations, and scope
of moral values, properties, and words. Whereas the fields of applied ethics and normative
theory focus on what is moral, metaethics focuses on what morality itself is.
2. Normative ethics:
It is the study of ethical action. It is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the set
of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act, morally speaking.
3. Applied ethics:
Applied ethics is the philosophical examination, from a moral standpoint, of particular issues
in private and public life which are matters of moral judgment. It is thus the attempts to use
philosophical methods to identify the morally correct course of action in various fields of
everyday life.

14. 4. Moral psychology:
Moral psychology is a field of study in both philosophy and psychology. Some use the term "moral
psychology" relatively narrowly to refer to the study of moral development. However, others tend to
use the term more broadly to include any topics at the intersection of ethics, psychology, and
philosophy of mind.
5. Descriptive ethics:
Descriptive ethics, also known as comparative ethics, is the study of people's beliefs about morality.

15. Symmetrical ethics – the golden rule
* Do to others what you want them to do to you.
* If you demand from others, demand the same from yourself
(perhaps more if you are a leader)
* See yourself as the other (good even for design!)
* Empathy

16. Assymetrical ethics:
* When one party has more resources, knowledge, power
* Often in professions (engineering, nursing, law...)
* Need to be careful (professional!)
* Need to be considerate

17. Principle based ethics:
Based on principles like (from websites):
We want to deliver first class design
We want to be best in our discipline
We will contribute to society
We consider ecological impact
We contribute to environmentalism

18. Compliance ethics:
Within existing laws, standards, guidelines, morals
May need a «compliance officer» in large organisations
- e.g. what does it mean to «follow standard»?
Ensures that organisation «does no wrongs», but difficult
The Ethics & Compliance Officer Association (ECOA) is a member-driven association exclusively for
individuals responsible for their organization's ethics, compliance, and business conduct programs. The only
organization of its kind, its members represent the largest group of ethics and compliance practitioners in the
world. The ECOA is credited with formally "founding" the ethics and compliance field in 1991.

19. ?
The moralist
My life view is
superior
Other views are
inferior
I have the
answers
I need no other
authority
The ethicist
My life view is
based on reflection
I evaluate life
views
I have questions
I respect other
views
Aristotle (384-322)

20. Ethics applies to:
• Professional duties
• Employee care
• Customer care, and supplier responsibilities
• Environment care
• Ownership (price, value, opportunities..)
• Financing
• Exploration
* - the list is being extended

21. Conclusion :
Professional Ethics important, and varied
Includes social responsibility, and governance
Needs terminology, and philosophy
Very relevant to society