Mais conteúdo relacionado Semelhante a LEED & Green Materials (20) Mais de Sustainable Performance Institute (20) LEED & Green Materials2. The Green Roundtable is a Registered Provider with The American
Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned
on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for
AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are
available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content that may
be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be
addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
AIA/CES
3. Learning Objectives
Answer the following questions:
- What is the imperative for ‘doing green’
- What makes a material green
- What are LEED’s requirements for materials
- What are some of the tools we can use to pick green
materials
- What other factors must be considered besides
‘greenness’
- Where are the suppliers
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4. Why do green….
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5. Not A Pretty Picture
Up until now, we haven't designed and
built our environment in a manner that
sustains itself - that is aware of the far
reaching consequences of our actions
and decisions.
Because we haven’t been considering
the whole system. Green Building seeks
to address these issues in a
comprehensive way, looking at the bigger
picture.
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6. What Do We Get From What We Build?
WHAT BUILDINGS USE:
35 to 40% of total primary energy use in U.S.
65.2% of total US electricity consumption
30% of the US wood & other raw materials
(3 billion tons /year)
12% of potable water in US
WHAT BUILDINGS CREATE:
35-38% to US air pollution
40% to US Co2 release
32 to 40% to the US municipal solid waste stream (136
million tons of C&D waste in US = ~2.8 lbs per person/ day)
Estimate by the US Green Building Council
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7. Environmental Impacts of Buildings
INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ)
• Over 30% of buildings have poor indoor air quality,
• Often the air inside the average home is 10 times more polluted than
the outside air on the smoggiest of days,
• We spend 90% of our time indoors.
Marc Richmond
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10. New Perspective
What does it look like?
How much does it cost?
What is the quality?
How long is the lead time?
How does it function?
What is it made from?
How is it made?
Where is it manufactured?
How is it disposed of after
its useful life?
How does it function?
Does it off-gas?
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11. A Solution:
Building Green
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12. Overview of Criteria for Selection
Embodied Energy
•Initial & Recurring
Materials Efficiency
•Reuse & recycle, dimensional planning
•Material management
Resource Efficiency
•Recycled content
•Sourced locally
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
•During construction
•Initial occupancy and over time
Affordability
•Material & Installation cost
•Cost of alternatives
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13. What is Embodied Energy?
The quantity of energy required to manufacture, and
supply to the point of use including:
• Extraction • Assembly
• Transportation • Installation
• Manufacturing • Some definitions also include:
Disassembly & Removal
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14. Embodied Energy
How Does Embodied
Energy Compare With
Annual Operating
Energy?
For a typical office building:
embodied energy = 10 to 30
times the annual operating
energy
http://www.cmmt.csiro.au/brochures/tech/embodied/index.cfm
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15. Resource Efficiency
Recycled Content: Products with identifiable recycled content, including post-industrial
content with a preference for post-consumer content.
Natural, plentiful or renewable: harvested from sustainably managed sources and are
certified by an independent third party.
Resource efficient manufacturing process: including reducing energy consumption,
minimizing waste (recycled, recyclable and or source reduced product packaging), and
reducing greenhouse gases.
Locally available: found locally or regionally saving energy and
resources in transportation to the project site.
Salvaged, refurbished, or remanufactured: saving a material
from disposal and renovating, repairing, restoring, or generally
improving the appearance, performance, quality, functionality, or
value of a product.
Reusable or recyclable: Select materials that can be easily
dismantled and reused or recycled at the end of their useful life.
Recycled or recyclable product packaging:
Durable: longer lasting or are comparable to conventional
products with long life expectancies.
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16. Recycled Content
Post-Consumer vs. Pre-Consumer
Material generated by end- (Post-industrial) material diverted
users of the product from the waste stream during the
manufacturing process. Excluded
are materials capable of being
reclaimed within the same process
that generated it.
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17. Indoor Air Quality
Low or non-toxic: emit few or no carcinogens,
reproductive toxicants, or irritants as demonstrated
through appropriate testing.
Minimal chemical emissions: minimal emissions of
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Products that also
maximize resource and energy efficiency while reducing
chemical emissions.
Low-VOC assembly: Materials installed with minimal
VOC-producing compounds, or no-VOC mechanical
attachment methods and minimal hazards.
Moisture resistant: and inhibit the growth of biological
contaminants in buildings.
Healthfully maintained: require only simple, non-toxic, or
low-VOC methods of cleaning.
Systems or equipment: promote healthy IAQ by
identifying indoor air pollutants or enhancing the air quality.
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18. A New Paradigm:
The Cradle-to-Cradle Lifecycle
See McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry
http://www.mbdc.com/c2c_home.htm
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19. Cradle to Grave: Linear flow
Materials
extraction/ Mfg/
harvesting Processing End Use Disposal
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20. Cradle to Cradle: Cyclical
End Use
Demolition/
Re-Manufacture/
Removal/
Re-Processing
Collection
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21. LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design,
LEED (not LEEDs)
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22. The LEED Credit Categories
Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
Energy & Atmosphere
Materials & Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation & Design Process
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23. LEED Credits Impacted by Material Selection
Depending on specifics of the project > 25 credits can be impacted by
material and product selection. (This is almost at or above LEED
certification status)
Site Credit 7- Heat Island Effect (2 Points)
Water Efficiency Credit 3- Water Use Reduction (2 Points)
Energy & Atmosphere Energy Credit 2- Renewable Energy (1-3 Points)
Energy & Atmosphere Energy Credit 1- Optimize Energy Performance (1-10 Points)
Materials & Resources Credits 1-7 – Next Slide (13 points)
IEQ Credit 1- Permanent CO2 monitoring system (1 point)
IEQ Credit 4 -Low-emitting materials (4 Points)
IEQ Credit 5- Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control (1 Point)
IEQ Credit 6- Controllability of Systems (2 Points)
IEQ Credit 7 -Thermal Comfort (1 Point)
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24. LEED Credits - Materials & Resources 13 points
MR Pr 1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables Req
MR C 1.1 Bldg Reuse, Maintain 75% of Existing Shell 1
MR C 1.2 Bldg Reuse, Maintain 95% of Shell 1
MR C 1.3 Bldg Reuse, Maintain 95% of Shell and 50% Interior Non-Structural 1
MR C 2.1 Construction Waste Management, Divert 50% 1
MR C 2.2 Construction Waste Management, Divert 75% 1
MR C 3.1 Materials Reuse, Specify 5% 1
MR C 3.2 Materials Reuse, Specify 10% 1
MR C 4.1 Recycled Content, Specify 10% (post consumer + ½ post industrial) 1
MR C 4.2 Recycled Content, Specify 20% (post consumer + ½ post industrial) 1
MR C 5.1 Regional Materials, 10% Extracted, Processed, & Manufactured 1
Regionally
MR C 5.2 Regional Materials, 20% Extracted, Processed, & Manufactured 1
Regionally
MR C 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1
MR C 7 Certified Wood 1
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26. General Methodology:
• Define what makes a product green
• Identify ‘best in class’ product characteristics
• Don’t forget to factor in performance & durability
characteristics
• Verify green claims using 3rd party resources
• Identify your most important selection criteria
• Compare products side-by-side
• Get additional guidance from suppliers
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27. Some Things We May Want To Write Off:
• Vinyl-based products
• Products containing heavy metals and arsenic
• Products containing halogenated fire-retardants
• Products that emit excessive amounts of
formaldehyde
• Appliances that contain HCFC’s and do not meet the
standards referenced by LEED
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28. BEWARE OF…
GREENWASHING
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29. 3rd Party Resources for Judging Products
• Online green product databases (e.g. GreenSpec)
• Certification organizations (GreenSeal, FSC, etc.)
• LCA software tools (BEES, PHAROS, etc.)
• Manufacturer Material Safety Data Sheets
• Other online databases like NIH hazardous materials
database
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31. Product Certification
• GreenSeal (www.greenseal.org)
• Scientific Certification Systems
(www.scscertified.com)
• GreenGuard (www.greenguard.org)
• Green Label (http://www.carpet-rug.org/) (2nd party)
• Forest Stewardship Council (http://www.fscus.org/)
• Cradle-to-Cradle
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32. Considerations for
Choosing & Using Best-in-Class
(a brief sampling)
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33. Concrete
• At least 3-5% fly ash, recycled content and regional
•Consult structural engineer for specific amount,
can be as high as 40%
• Components are regionally extracted: sand, water,
aggregate, fly ash
• Recycled and regional aggregate
• Represents a large percentage of construction
budget
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34. Steel
• Can easily have over 90% recycled content, mostly
post-consumer
• Select a local manufacturer who gets their scrap
from a local recycling facility
• LEED default assumptions: 25% post-consumer
recycled content
• Represents a large
percentage of
construction budget
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35. Gypsum
• Can easily have over 90% post-industrial recycled
content
• Regional facilities with products containing recycled
content:
•National Gypsum - Shippingport, PA
•USG – Aliquippa, PA and Gypsum, OH
• Synthetic Gypsum is made using waste from coal
plants
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36. Synthetic Gypsum
Synthetic (FGD) Gypsum
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37. Glazing
• Hard to find regional products in the northeast
• Recycled content in glazing is hard to find
• Look for recycled content in framing
• PPG Industries Solarban has post-industrial
recycled content and Cradle-to-Cradle certification
• Avoid vinyl framing
• Use appropriate Tvis and U-values for location and
design
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38. Furniture
• GreenGaurd certification
• Cradle-to-Cradle certification
• Rapidly Renewable material
• Recycled content
• Regional materials
• Low emitting materials
• Recyclable at the end of their useful life
• The market for nice reused furniture is growing
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39. Acoustical Ceiling Tile
• Rapidly Renewable material
• Recycled content
• Regional materials
• Low emitting materials
• Recyclable at the end of their useful life
Products:
• USG
• Armstrong
• Ultima HRC, Optima, Cirrus Profile
• Recycled content and reclamation program
• Steel and Aluminum suspension systems w/
recycled content
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40. Lumber
• Forest Stewardship Council, FSC wood
(www.fsc.org)
• Sourced or salvaged locally
• Naturally decay-resistant:
Ipe – naturally fire resistant, strong, dense
hardwood, doesn’t need to be sealed
• Avoid use of tropical hardwoods
• Use low-VOC clear finishes (e.g. water-soluble
polyurethane) from companies like AFM Safecoat
• Use natural finishes like salad bowl oil (unscented),
mineral oil, beeswax (waxes may contain petroleum
distillates)
• Use advanced framing to minimize lumber use; use
efficient planning to minimize waste
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41. Engineered lumber/ composites
(sheet goods, plywood)
• Recycled or rapidly renewable fibers (FSC,
GreanSeal, SCS, etc.)
• Made w/ low-VOC, formaldehyde-free adhesives
• Moisture & mold resistant
• Use exterior grades of plywood or MDF (medium-
density fiberboard); they contain phenol-formaldehyde
binders rather than formaldehyde-based resin binders,
which are generally safer; favor plywood over OSB
• Look for SCS and FSC certification
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42. Paints
• Low or no VOC; low odor
• Good coverage (minimal coats)
• Easy touch-up (e.g. good color matching w/ old vs.
new)
• Do not pose a disposal
hazard
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43. Paints
• Make sure paints are Green Seal or Scientific
Certification Systems certified (www.greenseal.org;
www.scscertified.com)
• Brands:
- Sherwin-Williams Harmony
- Benjamin Moore Aura (& Ecospec)
- Pittsburg Pure Performance
- AFM Safecoat (www.afmsafecoat.com)
- The Old Fashioned Milk Paint Company
(www.milkpaint.com)
- Livos plant paints
(http://www.floorings.com/livos.html)
- Yolo Colorhouse (See bettencourtwood.com)
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44. Adhesives/ Sealants
• Low or no VOC
• UV resistant
• Flexible (or not, depending upon application!)
• Freeze-tolerant
• Easy clean-up
• Do not pose a disposal hazard
• Look for Green Seal or Scientific Certification
Systems certified (www.greenseal.org;
www.scscertified.com)
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• Water-soluble varieties generally safer
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45. Carpeting and Flooring
• Formaldehyde-free
• Rapidly renewable – cork, natural rubber, bamboo,
marmoleum (natural linoleum, Forbo)
• Recycled materials – rubber, carpet
• Simplified installation (e.g. doesn’t require adhesive)
• Easy sectional replacement (e.g. carpet tiles)
• Requires minimal maintenance (cleaning,
refinishing)
• PVC free
• Look for Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label
designation for carpets (http://www.carpet-rug.org/)
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46. Insulation
• Formaldehyde free (e.g. binders in fiberglass batts)
• High recycled content (fiberglass, cellulose, denim)
• HCFC-free blowing agents (foam board)
• High thermal insulating characteristics! Good
resistance to air infiltration (these may trump other
factors if it can reduce embodied energy of structure
enough)
• Moisture/ mold resistant
• Low flame-spread/ non-combustible
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47. Insulation
• Look for formaldehyde-free fiberglass products- e.g.
Johns Mansville (contained in some fiberglass batt
binders)
• Icynene spray foam one of more benign options
• Newer soy-based foams may be good choice too
(see www.biobased.net)
• Denim insulation, a rapidly renewable material
(Bonded Logic, Ultra Touch)
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48. Counters
• Rapidly renewable or recycled materials
• Cradle-to-Cradle certification (Icestone)
• Mechanically fastened and don’t require finishing
• Minimal off-gassing from adhesives/ binders
• Avoid laminated particleboard (e.g. Formica) unless
on formaldehyde-free substrate & bonded with low-
VOC contact adhesive
• Formaldehyde-free substrates: Wheatboard,
Agriboard (see Bettencourtwood.com)
• Natural stone & recycled glass might be good options
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49. Roofing
• Made from rapidly renewable or recycled materials
• High-reflectance (improves longevity, minimizes heat
island effect, keeps building cooler in summer)
• Green Roof
• Recycled materials, like faux slate shingles made
from recycled rubber
• Metal roofs (like standing seam) may be sustainable
due to their durability, but they may have a high
embodied energy
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50. Some roofing options
• Ecostar- www.ecostarinc.com
• Authentic Roof- www.authentic-roof.com
• Interlock- www.interlockroofing.com
• Naturals- www.naturalsroofing.com
• Note: Some of these given high marks based on
durability more so than recycled content
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51. Additional guidelines for material efficiency
• Employ advanced framing techniques in wood-
framed structures
• Use structure as finish
• Keep it small
• Use re-used/ salvaged/ surplus materials whenever
possible
• Use locally harvested/ extracted materials whenever
possible
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52. Some Pitfalls in Spec’ing Green Materials
• Uninformed & resistant code and municipal officials
• Products that ‘go away’
• Sourcing materials in a developing market
• Spec materials in Division 1, and product specific
division
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53. General Resources
GRT: www.greenroundtable.org
Building Green: www.buildinggreen.com
Energy Star: www.energystar.gov
Charles River Watershed: www.crwa.org
US Green Building Council: www.usgbc.org
Renewable Energy: www.nrel.gov
US DOE: www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/
EPA: www.epa.gov/ne/greenbuildings
Residential Green Building Guide:
A Web Source Book for New England
www.epa.gov/ne/greenbuildings
NAHB: Model Green Home Building Guidelines:
www.nahb.org
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54. Local Sources of Supply
Alternative Energy Store
www.altenergystore.com
Boston Building Materials Coop
www.bbmc.com
Boston Materials Resource Center
www.bostonbmrc.org
Boston ReStore
www.bostonrestore.org
Green Depot
www.greendepot.com
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55. Local sources of supply, cont.
Pure Home Center
www.purehomecenter.com
Green Source Supply and Design
www.greensourcesupply.com
NE Green Building
www.NEgreen.com
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56. And Don’t Forget About NEXUS!
• Upcoming workshops
• Reference library
• Samples library – Nutrition Labels
• Cyber Lounge
• Online resources at nexusboston.com (in the
pipeline)
• Local green building community
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58. Questions?
This concludes The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Program
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59. Thank You
The Green Roundtable 617-374-3740
www.greenroundtable.org info@greenroundtable.org