The earliest literature in the UK was written in Celtic languages in Wales and Ireland. English literature emerged in the late 14th century and became dominant. Major periods include the Augustan age in the early 18th century and the Romantic period in the late 18th century. The 19th century saw flourishing of poetry and novels. Irish and Scottish literature also have rich traditions but became more distinct from British literature in the 20th century.

1. Culture of GBCulture of GB

2. MapMap

3. Who’s BritishWho’s British
 Great BritainGreat Britain
 ScotlandScotland
 EnglandEngland
 WalesWales
 United KingdomUnited Kingdom
 ScotlandScotland
 EnglandEngland
 WalesWales
 Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland
 Isle of ManIsle of Man
 Channel islandsChannel islands
 British IslesBritish Isles
 ScotlandScotland
 EnglandEngland
 WalesWales
 Northern IrelandNorthern Ireland
 Isle of ManIsle of Man
 Channel islandsChannel islands
 Republic of IrelandRepublic of Ireland

4. Who’s BritishWho’s British
 PopulationPopulation
 United Kingdom – 60,000,000 (approx)United Kingdom – 60,000,000 (approx)
 Scottish – 9.6% - 5,760,000Scottish – 9.6% - 5,760,000
 English – 81.5% - 48,900,000English – 81.5% - 48,900,000
 Welsh – 1.9% - 1,140,000Welsh – 1.9% - 1,140,000
 Northern Irish – 1.81% - 1,086,000Northern Irish – 1.81% - 1,086,000
 Irish – 2.4% - 1,440,000Irish – 2.4% - 1,440,000
 West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, others –West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, others –
2.8% - 1,680,0002.8% - 1,680,000
United Kingdom
= + + +
+ +
Scotland England Wales
Northern Ireland Isle of Man Channel Islands

5. The culture of the United Kingdom refers to the patterns of human activity andThe culture of the United Kingdom refers to the patterns of human activity and
symbolism associated with the United Kingdom and the British people. It issymbolism associated with the United Kingdom and the British people. It is
informed by the UK's history as a developed island country, major power,informed by the UK's history as a developed island country, major power,
and, its composition of four countries—England, Northern Ireland, Scotlandand, its composition of four countries—England, Northern Ireland, Scotland
and Wales—each of which have preserved and distinct customs, culturesand Wales—each of which have preserved and distinct customs, cultures
and symbolism.As a direct result of the British Empire, British culturaland symbolism.As a direct result of the British Empire, British cultural
influence (such as the English language) can be observed in the languageinfluence (such as the English language) can be observed in the language
and culture of a geographically wide assortment of countries such asand culture of a geographically wide assortment of countries such as
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and the BritishCanada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and the British
overseas territories. These states are sometimes collectively known as theoverseas territories. These states are sometimes collectively known as the
Anglosphere. As well as the British influence on its empire, the empire alsoAnglosphere. As well as the British influence on its empire, the empire also
influenced British culture, particularly British cuisine. Innovations andinfluenced British culture, particularly British cuisine. Innovations and
movements within the wider-culture of Europe have also changed themovements within the wider-culture of Europe have also changed the
United Kingdom; Humanism, Protestantism, and representative democracyUnited Kingdom; Humanism, Protestantism, and representative democracy
are borrowed from broader Western culture.The Industrial Revolution, withare borrowed from broader Western culture.The Industrial Revolution, with
its origins in the UK, brought about major changes in agriculture,its origins in the UK, brought about major changes in agriculture,
manufacturing, and transportation, and had a profound effect on the socio-manufacturing, and transportation, and had a profound effect on the socio-
economic and cultural conditions of the world. The social structure of Britaineconomic and cultural conditions of the world. The social structure of Britain
during this period has also played a central cultural role. More recently,during this period has also played a central cultural role. More recently,
popular culture of the United Kingdom in the form of the British invasion,popular culture of the United Kingdom in the form of the British invasion,
Britpop and British television broadcasting, and British cinema is respectedBritpop and British television broadcasting, and British cinema is respected
across the distinctiveness.across the distinctiveness.

6. British CultureBritish Culture
 Holidays / CelebrationsHolidays / Celebrations
 New Years’ DayNew Years’ Day
 Good FridayGood Friday
 Easter MondayEaster Monday
 May DayMay Day
 HalloweenHalloween
 Guy Fawkes DayGuy Fawkes Day
 Armistice dayArmistice day
 Christmas DayChristmas Day
 Boxing DayBoxing Day
 SportsSports
 Football “Soccer”Football “Soccer”
 CricketCricket
 RugbyRugby
 Horse RacingHorse Racing
 Motor RacingMotor Racing
 Curling (for Rory)Curling (for Rory)
 The DietThe Diet
 Fish & ChipsFish & Chips
 HaggisHaggis
 Jellied eelsJellied eels
 Bubble & SqueakBubble & Squeak
 Toad in the HoleToad in the Hole
 Shepherds PieShepherds Pie
 Spotted DickSpotted Dick
 TelevisionTelevision
 BBC1 and BBC2BBC1 and BBC2
 State ownedState owned
 No Advertising orNo Advertising or
CommercialsCommercials
 Funded by License feeFunded by License fee
 ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5
 Independently ownedIndependently owned
 Funded through Advertising &Funded through Advertising &
CommercialsCommercials
 Cable / SatelliteCable / Satellite
 Same as USSame as US

7. languagelanguage

8. Though the UK has no officialThough the UK has no official languagelanguage, English is the main language and is, English is the main language and is
spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the UK population.However,spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the UK population.However,
individual countries within the UK have frameworks for the promotion of theirindividual countries within the UK have frameworks for the promotion of their
indigenous languages. In Wales, all pupils at state schools must study Welsh untilindigenous languages. In Wales, all pupils at state schools must study Welsh until
aged 16, and the Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998aged 16, and the Welsh Language Act 1993 and the Government of Wales Act 1998
provide that the Welsh and English languages should be treated equally in theprovide that the Welsh and English languages should be treated equally in the
public sector, so far as is reasonable and practicable. Irish and Ulster Scots enjoypublic sector, so far as is reasonable and practicable. Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy
limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissionedlimited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned
translations. The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act, passed by the Scottishtranslations. The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act, passed by the Scottish
Parliament in 2005, recognised Gaelic as an official language of Scotland,Parliament in 2005, recognised Gaelic as an official language of Scotland,
commanding equal respect with English, and required the creation of a national plancommanding equal respect with English, and required the creation of a national plan
for Gaelic to provide strategic direction for the development of the Gaelicfor Gaelic to provide strategic direction for the development of the Gaelic
language.Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which islanguage.Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which is
not legally enforceable, the UK Government has committed to the promotion ofnot legally enforceable, the UK Government has committed to the promotion of
certain linguistic traditions. The United Kingdom has ratified the charter for: Welshcertain linguistic traditions. The United Kingdom has ratified the charter for: Welsh
(in Wales), Scottish Gaelic and Scots (in Scotland), Cornish (in Cornwall), and Irish(in Wales), Scottish Gaelic and Scots (in Scotland), Cornish (in Cornwall), and Irish
and Ulster Scots (in Northern Ireland). British Sign Language is also a recognisedand Ulster Scots (in Northern Ireland). British Sign Language is also a recognised
language.language.

9. Divided by a Common LanguageDivided by a Common Language
 Scottish DialectScottish Dialect
 Glaikit - DenseGlaikit - Dense
 Scunner - Off puttingScunner - Off putting
 Fankle - Mixed upFankle - Mixed up
 Fizzog - FaceFizzog - Face
 Limmer - NuisanceLimmer - Nuisance
 Peelywally - Run down / under the weatherPeelywally - Run down / under the weather
 Clipe - TattletaleClipe - Tattletale
 Bairn - ChildBairn - Child

10.  Cockney Rhyming SlangCockney Rhyming Slang
 Apples & Pears = StairsApples & Pears = Stairs
 ““Get up those apples to bed”Get up those apples to bed”
 Butchers Hook = LookButchers Hook = Look
 ““Have a butchers at that”Have a butchers at that”
 Brass Band = HandBrass Band = Hand
 ““I shook him by the brass”I shook him by the brass”
 Bread and Honey = MoneyBread and Honey = Money
 ““I wish I had some bread”I wish I had some bread”
 Soapy Bubble = TroubleSoapy Bubble = Trouble
 ““You’ll be in soapy”You’ll be in soapy”
 Plates of Meat = FeetPlates of Meat = Feet
 ““I tripped over your plates”I tripped over your plates”
 Pork Pies = LiesPork Pies = Lies
 ““Are you telling porkies ?”Are you telling porkies ?”
 Dog & Bone = PhoneDog & Bone = Phone
 ““He’s always on the dog”He’s always on the dog”
 Whistle & Flute = SuitWhistle & Flute = Suit
 ““I’m going to pick up my whistle from the dry cleaners”I’m going to pick up my whistle from the dry cleaners”
Divided by a Common LanguageDivided by a Common Language

11. cuisinecuisine

12. British cuisine is the specific set of cooking traditions and practices associated with
the United Kingdom. Historically, British cuisine means "unfussy dishes made with
quality local ingredients, matched with simple sauces to accentuate flavour, rather
than disguise it."However, British cuisine has absorbed the cultural influence of those
that settled in Britain, producing hybrid dishes, such as the Anglo-Indian Chicken tikka
masala, hailed as "Britain's true national dish".Vilified as "unimaginative and heavy",
British cuisine has traditionally been limited in its international recognition to the full
breakfast and the Christmas dinner. However, Celtic agriculture and animal breeding
produced a wide variety of foodstuffs for indigenous Celts and Britons. Anglo-Saxon
England developed meat and savoury herb stewing techniques before the practice
became common in Europe. The Norman conquest introduced exotic spices into
Great Britain in the Middle Ages. The British Empire facilitated a knowledge of India's
elaborate food tradition of "strong, penetrating spices and herbs".Food rationing
policies, put in place by the British government during wartime periods of the 20th
century, are said to have been the stimulus for British cuisine's poor international
reputation.Well known British dishes include fish and chips, the Sunday roast, and
mash.Within the United Kingdom, the different nations have their own specialities:
English cuisine has Cheshire cheese and the Yorkshire pudding; Scottish cuisine
includes Arbroath Smokie and Haggis; Irish cuisine features the Ulster fry and Irish
Stew and Welsh cuisine is noted for Welsh rarebit.

13. Sunday roast consisting of roast beef, roast
potatoes, vegetables and Yorkshire
pudding
Fish and chips, a popular take-away food
of the United Kingdom.

14. literatureliterature

15. LiteratureLiterature
The earliest existing native literature of the territory of the modern United Kingdom was written in the CelticThe earliest existing native literature of the territory of the modern United Kingdom was written in the Celtic
languages of the isles. The Welsh literary tradition stretches from the 6th century. Irish poetry alsolanguages of the isles. The Welsh literary tradition stretches from the 6th century. Irish poetry also
represents a more or less unbroken tradition from the 6th century to the present day, with the Ulster Cyclerepresents a more or less unbroken tradition from the 6th century to the present day, with the Ulster Cycle
being of particular relevance to Northern Ireland. Anglo-Saxon literature includes Beowulf, a national epic,being of particular relevance to Northern Ireland. Anglo-Saxon literature includes Beowulf, a national epic,
but literature in Latin predominated among educated elites. After the Norman Conquest, Anglo-Normanbut literature in Latin predominated among educated elites. After the Norman Conquest, Anglo-Norman
literature brought continental influences to the isles. English literature emerged as a recognisable entity inliterature brought continental influences to the isles. English literature emerged as a recognisable entity in
the late 14th century and, by the time of the foundation of the United Kingdom, was the dominantthe late 14th century and, by the time of the foundation of the United Kingdom, was the dominant
literature.The early 18th century is known as the Augustan Age of English literature. The poetry of the timeliterature.The early 18th century is known as the Augustan Age of English literature. The poetry of the time
was highly formal, as exemplified by the works of Alexander Pope.The English novel became a popular formwas highly formal, as exemplified by the works of Alexander Pope.The English novel became a popular form
in the 18th century, with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740).Fromin the 18th century, with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740).From
the late 18th century, the Romantic period showed a flowering of poetry comparable with the Renaissancethe late 18th century, the Romantic period showed a flowering of poetry comparable with the Renaissance
two hundred years earlier and a revival of interest in vernacular literature. In Scotland the poetry of Roberttwo hundred years earlier and a revival of interest in vernacular literature. In Scotland the poetry of Robert
Burns revived interest in Scots literature, and the Weaver Poets of Ulster were influenced by literature fromBurns revived interest in Scots literature, and the Weaver Poets of Ulster were influenced by literature from
Scotland. In the 19th century major poets in English literature included William Blake, William Wordsworth,Scotland. In the 19th century major poets in English literature included William Blake, William Wordsworth,
John Keats, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Percy Shelley and Lord Byron. The VictorianJohn Keats, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Percy Shelley and Lord Byron. The Victorian
period was the golden age of the realistic English novel, represented by Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters,period was the golden age of the realistic English novel, represented by Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters,
Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot and Thomas Hardy.World War I gave rise to British warCharles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot and Thomas Hardy.World War I gave rise to British war
poets and writers such as Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves and Rupert Brooke who wrote ofpoets and writers such as Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves and Rupert Brooke who wrote of
their expectations of war, and their experiences in the trench. Celtic Revival stimulated new appreciation oftheir expectations of war, and their experiences in the trench. Celtic Revival stimulated new appreciation of
traditional Irish literature, however, with the independence of the Irish Free State, Irish literature came to betraditional Irish literature, however, with the independence of the Irish Free State, Irish literature came to be
seen as more clearly separate from the strains of British literature. The Scottish Renaissance of the earlyseen as more clearly separate from the strains of British literature. The Scottish Renaissance of the early
20th century brought modernism to Scottish literature as well as an interest in new forms in the literatures of20th century brought modernism to Scottish literature as well as an interest in new forms in the literatures of
Scottish Gaelic and Scots.The English novel developed in the 20th century into much greater variety andScottish Gaelic and Scots.The English novel developed in the 20th century into much greater variety and
was greatly enriched by immigrant writers.was greatly enriched by immigrant writers.

16. A portrait of Sherlock Holmes by SidneyA portrait of Sherlock Holmes by Sidney
Paget from the Strand Magazine, 1891Paget from the Strand Magazine, 1891
Rudyard Kipling If— (1896). DoubledayRudyard Kipling If— (1896). Doubleday
Page and Company 1910.Page and Company 1910.

17. architecturearchitecture

18. TheThe architecturearchitecture of the United Kingdom includes many features that precede the creation of the United Kingdom in 1707,of the United Kingdom includes many features that precede the creation of the United Kingdom in 1707,
from as early as before Skara Brae and Stonehenge. Since the foundation of the United Kingdom, architecture has been placed in afrom as early as before Skara Brae and Stonehenge. Since the foundation of the United Kingdom, architecture has been placed in a
context of the earliest remnants of architecture including the Giant's Ring, and Avebury, and Roman ruins. In most towns andcontext of the earliest remnants of architecture including the Giant's Ring, and Avebury, and Roman ruins. In most towns and
villages the parish church is an indication of the age of the settlement. Many castles remain from the medieval period. Over the twovillages the parish church is an indication of the age of the settlement. Many castles remain from the medieval period. Over the two
centuries following the Norman conquest of 1066, and the building of the Tower of London, castles such as Caernarfon Castle incenturies following the Norman conquest of 1066, and the building of the Tower of London, castles such as Caernarfon Castle in
Wales and Carrickfergus Castle in Ireland were built.In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a building or other structure officiallyWales and Carrickfergus Castle in Ireland were built.In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a building or other structure officially
designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. About half a million buildings in the UK have "listed"designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. About half a million buildings in the UK have "listed"
status.One of the best known British architects working at the time of the foundation of the United Kingdom was Sir Christopherstatus.One of the best known British architects working at the time of the foundation of the United Kingdom was Sir Christopher
Wren. He was employed to design and rebuild many of the ruined ancient churches of London following the Great Fire of London.Wren. He was employed to design and rebuild many of the ruined ancient churches of London following the Great Fire of London.
His masterpiece, St Paul's Cathedral, was completed in the early years of the United Kingdom.In the early 18th century baroqueHis masterpiece, St Paul's Cathedral, was completed in the early years of the United Kingdom.In the early 18th century baroque
architecture — popular in Europe — was introduced, and Blenheim Palace was built in this era. However, baroque was quicklyarchitecture — popular in Europe — was introduced, and Blenheim Palace was built in this era. However, baroque was quickly
replaced by a return of the Palladian form. The Georgian architecture of the 18th century was an evolved form of Palladianism.replaced by a return of the Palladian form. The Georgian architecture of the 18th century was an evolved form of Palladianism.
Many existing buildings such as Woburn Abbey and Kedleston Hall are in this style. Among the many architects of this form ofMany existing buildings such as Woburn Abbey and Kedleston Hall are in this style. Among the many architects of this form of
architecture and its successors, neoclassical and romantic, were Robert Adam, Sir William Chambers, and James Wyatt.Thearchitecture and its successors, neoclassical and romantic, were Robert Adam, Sir William Chambers, and James Wyatt.The
aristocratic stately home continued the tradition of the first large gracious unfortified mansions such as the Elizabethan Montacutearistocratic stately home continued the tradition of the first large gracious unfortified mansions such as the Elizabethan Montacute
House and Hatfield House.In the early 19th century the romantic medieval gothic style appeared as a backlash to the symmetry ofHouse and Hatfield House.In the early 19th century the romantic medieval gothic style appeared as a backlash to the symmetry of
Palladianism, and such buildings as Fonthill Abbey were built. By the middle of the 19th century, as a result of new technology,Palladianism, and such buildings as Fonthill Abbey were built. By the middle of the 19th century, as a result of new technology,
construction was able to develop incorporating steel as a building component; one of the greatest exponents of this was Josephconstruction was able to develop incorporating steel as a building component; one of the greatest exponents of this was Joseph
Paxton, architect of the Crystal Palace. Paxton also continued to build such houses as Mentmore Towers, in the still popularPaxton, architect of the Crystal Palace. Paxton also continued to build such houses as Mentmore Towers, in the still popular
retrospective Renaissance styles. In this era of prosperity and development British architecture embraced many new methods ofretrospective Renaissance styles. In this era of prosperity and development British architecture embraced many new methods of
construction, but ironically in style, such architects as August Pugin ensured it remained firmly in the past.At the beginning of theconstruction, but ironically in style, such architects as August Pugin ensured it remained firmly in the past.At the beginning of the
20th century a new form of design arts and crafts became popular, the architectural form of this style, which had evolved from the20th century a new form of design arts and crafts became popular, the architectural form of this style, which had evolved from the
19th century designs of such architects as George Devey, was championed by Edwin Lutyens. Arts and crafts in architecture is19th century designs of such architects as George Devey, was championed by Edwin Lutyens. Arts and crafts in architecture is
symbolized by an informal, non symmetrical form, often with mullioned or lattice windows, multiple gables and tall chimneys. Thissymbolized by an informal, non symmetrical form, often with mullioned or lattice windows, multiple gables and tall chimneys. This
style continued to evolve until World War II.Following the Second World War reconstruction went through a variety of phases, butstyle continued to evolve until World War II.Following the Second World War reconstruction went through a variety of phases, but
was heavily influenced by Modernism, especially from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. Many bleak town centre redevelopments—was heavily influenced by Modernism, especially from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. Many bleak town centre redevelopments—
criticised for featuring hostile, concrete-lined "windswept plazas"—were the fruit of this interest, as were many equally bleak publiccriticised for featuring hostile, concrete-lined "windswept plazas"—were the fruit of this interest, as were many equally bleak public
buildings, such as the Hayward Gallery. Many Modernist inspired town centres are today in the process of being redeveloped,buildings, such as the Hayward Gallery. Many Modernist inspired town centres are today in the process of being redeveloped,
Bracknell town centre being a case in point.However, it should not be forgotten that in the immediate post-War years manyBracknell town centre being a case in point.However, it should not be forgotten that in the immediate post-War years many
thousands (perhaps hundreds of thousands) of council houses in vernacular style were built, giving working class people their firstthousands (perhaps hundreds of thousands) of council houses in vernacular style were built, giving working class people their first
experience of private gardens and indoor sanitation.Modernism remains a significant force in UK architecture, although its influenceexperience of private gardens and indoor sanitation.Modernism remains a significant force in UK architecture, although its influence
is felt predominantly in commercial buildings. The two most prominent proponents are Lord Rogers of Riverside and Lord Foster ofis felt predominantly in commercial buildings. The two most prominent proponents are Lord Rogers of Riverside and Lord Foster of
Thames Bank.Thames Bank.

19. Norman Foster's 'Gherkin' (2004)Norman Foster's 'Gherkin' (2004)
rises above the 13th centuryrises above the 13th century
church St Helen's Bishopsgate inchurch St Helen's Bishopsgate in
the City of London. Thethe City of London. The
architecture of the Unitedarchitecture of the United
Kingdom is diverse.Kingdom is diverse.
The Forth Railway Bridge is a cantilever bridge
over the Firth of Forth in the east of Scotland. It
was opened in 1890, and is designated as a
Category A listed building.

20. **ААrchitecturerchitecture
GB is famous for it’s ancient architecture inGB is famous for it’s ancient architecture in
different townsdifferent towns
St Peters Church
The Tolbooth
The High Street
The Market Cross
Greyfriars Covenant

21. Useful Info.Useful Info.
 Currency – Pound Sterling (Euros Accepted)Currency – Pound Sterling (Euros Accepted)
 Easy Counting ; $2 = 1 British PoundEasy Counting ; $2 = 1 British Pound
 Sales Tax known as VAT @ 17.5% is includedSales Tax known as VAT @ 17.5% is included
 Brits drive on the Left – Opposite Direction !Brits drive on the Left – Opposite Direction !
LookLook RIGHTRIGHT thenthen LEFTLEFT to cross the streetto cross the street
 Electricity is 240V, don’t stick your finger in the socket !Electricity is 240V, don’t stick your finger in the socket !
 Dial 999 for Emergency ServicesDial 999 for Emergency Services
 Need Advil, a candy bar, underwear or a newspaper, go to ASDANeed Advil, a candy bar, underwear or a newspaper, go to ASDA
(closest British equivalent to Target)(closest British equivalent to Target)
 Illegal to carry guns; Police not armed. Don’t talk about guns, no oneIllegal to carry guns; Police not armed. Don’t talk about guns, no one
will understandwill understand

22. The Parting ShotThe Parting Shot
If All Else Fails Just Remember...If All Else Fails Just Remember...
The British solution toThe British solution to
any problem, crisis or disaster...any problem, crisis or disaster...
"I'll just make us a nice cup of tea.""I'll just make us a nice cup of tea."