1. Music and
Arts of India

2. Music of India
• Includes multiple varieties of folk, popular,
pop, classical music and R&B. India's
classical music tradition, including Carnatic
and Hindustani music, has a history
spanning millennia and developed over
several eras. It remains fundamental to the
lives of Indians today as sources of spiritual
inspiration, cultural expression and pure
entertainment.

3. Classical Music
• Hindustani Music
> an Indian classical music tradition that
goes back to Vedic times around 1000 BC. It
further developed circa the 13th and 14th
centuries AD with Persian influences and from
existing religious and folk music.

4. • Hindustani music was not only influenced by
ancient Hindu musical traditions, historical
Vedic philosophy and native Indian sounds but
also enriched by the Persian performance
practices of the Mughals. During the Medivel
age especially in Mughals era various Gharana
became famous due to excellence and class in
type of musics like raga. Tansen is one of the
navratna of Mughals Admiral Akbar. Classical
genres are dhrupad, dhamar, khyal, tarana y
sadra.

5. Carnatic music
• The present form of Carnatic music is based
on historical developments that can be
traced to the 15th - 16th centuries AD and
thereafter. However, the form itself is
reputed to have been one of the gifts
bestowed on man by the gods of Hindu
mythology. It is one of the oldest musical
forms that continue to survive today.

6. • Carnatic music is melodic, with improvised
variations. It consists of a composition with
improvised embellishments added to the piece in
the forms of Raga Alapana, Kalpanaswaram, Neraval,
and, in the case of more advanced students, Ragam
Tanam Pallavi. The main emphasis is on the vocals
as most compositions are written to be sung, and
even when played on instruments, they are meant to
be performed in a singing style (known as gāyaki).
There are about 7.2 million ragas (or scales) in
Carnatic Music, with only 300 or so still in common
use today.

7. • Purandara Dasa is considered the father of
carnatic music. Sri Tyagaraja, Sri Shyama
Shastry and Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar are
considered the trinity of carnatic music and
with them came the golden age in carnatic
music in the 18th-19th century

8. Folk Music
• Bihu of Assam
• Bihu is the festival of New Year of Assam
falling on mid April. This is a festival of
nature and mother earth where the first day
is for the cows and buffalos. Second day is
for the man. Bihu dancesand songs
accompanied by traditional drums and wind
instruments are essential part of this
festival.

9. Bhangra
• [Bhangra] are a lively form of music and dance that
originated in the Punjab region to celebrate Vaisakhi, the
festival of the Sikhs.Knowledge of Punjabi history offers
important insights into the meaning of the music. While
Bhangra began as a part of harvest festival celebrations,
it eventually became a part of such diverse occasions as
weddings and New Year celebrations. Moreover, during
the last thirty years, Bhangra has enjoyed a surge in
popularity worldwide, both in traditional form and as a
fusion with genres such as hip-hop, house, and reggae,
and in such forms it has become a pop sensation in the
United Kingdom and North America.

10. • Ganasangeet is have been written in India.
Examples: Apni Azadi Ko Hum Hargis Mita
Sakte Nahin, ajadee hoyni tor, Kadam kadam
badhaye jaa, Vande Mataram, etc.generally
sung in chorus carrying some social
message. The songs are usually about
Freedom, community strength, patriotism.
Due to the British occupation in India, a lot
of protest songs about anti-
imperialism/pro-socialism

11. Uttarakhandi Music
• Uttarakhandi folk music had its root in the lap of
nature. The pure and blessed music have the feel
and the touch of nature and subjects related to
nature. The folk music primarily is related to the
various festivals, religious traditions, folk stories and
simple life of the people of Uttarakhand. Thus the
songs of Uttarakhand are a true reflection of the
Cultural Heritage and the way people live their lives
in the Himalayas. Musical instruments used in
Uttarakhand music include the dhol, damoun, turri,
ransingha, dholki, daur, thali, bhankora and
masakbhaja. Tabla and harmonium are also used,
but to a lesser extent. The main languages are
Kumaoni and Garhwali

12. • Thus the songs of Uttarakhand are a true
reflection of the Cultural Heritage and the
way people live their lives in the Himalayas.
Musical instruments used in Uttarakhand
music include the dhol, damoun, turri,
ransingha, dholki, daur, thali, bhankora and
masakbhaja. Tabla and harmonium are also
used, but to a lesser extent. The main
languages are Kumaoni and Garhwali

13. Lavani
• Lavani comes from the word Lavanya which means
beauty. This is one of the most popular forms of
dance and music that is practiced all over
Maharashtra. It has in fact become a necessary part
of the Maharashtrian folk dance performances.
Traditionally, the songs are sung by female artistes,
but male artistes may occasionally sing Lavanis. The
dance format associated with Lavani is known as
Tamasha. Lavani is a combination of traditional song
and dance, which particularly performed to the
enchanting beats of 'Dholak', a drum-like
instrument.

14. • Dance performed by attractive women
wearing nine-yard saris. They are sung in a
quick tempo. The verve, the enthusiasm, the
rhythm and above all the very beat of India
finds an expressive declaration amidst the
folk music of India, which has somewhat,
redefined the term "bliss". Lavani originated
in the arid region of Maharashtra and
Madhya Pradesh.

15. Rajasthan
• Rajasthan has a very diverse cultural
collection of musician castes, including
Langas, Sapera, Bhopa, Jogi and Manganiyar
(lit. the ones who ask/beg). Rajasthan Diary
quotes it as a soulful, full-throated music
with Harmonious diversity. The haunting
melody of Rajasthan evokes from a variety
of delightfully primitive looking
instruments.

16. • The stringed variety include the Sarangi,
Rawanhattha, Kamayacha, Morsing and
Ektara. Percussion instruments come in all
shapes and sizes from the huge Nagaras and
Dhols to the tiny Damrus. The Daf and
Chang are a big favourite of Holi (the festival
of colours) revellers. Flutes and bagpipers
come in local flavours such as Shehnai,
Poongi, Algoza, Tarpi, Been and Bankia.

17. • The essence of Rajasthani music is derived
from the creative symphony of string
instruments, percussion instruments and
wind instruments accompanied by
melodious renditions of folk singers. It
enjoys a respectable presence in Bollywood
music as well.

18. • The vast scope of the art of India
intertwines with the cultural history,
religions and philosophies which place art
production and patronage in social and
cultural contexts.

19. • Indian art can be classified into specific
periods each reflecting particular religious,
political and cultural developments.
• Ancient period (3500 BCE-1200 CE)
• Islamic ascendancy (1192-1757)
• Colonial period (1757–1947)
• Independence and the postcolonial period
(Post-1947)

20. • One of the first to start jewellery-making
were the peoples of the Indus Valley
Civilization. Early jewellery making in China
started around the same period, but it
became widespread with the spread of
Buddhism around 2,000 years ago.

21. Temple and Sculpture-art

22. • the period between the decline of
the Harappans and the definite
historic period starting with the
Mauryas. Soon after the Buddhists
initiated the rock-cut caves, Hindus
and Jains started to imitate them
at Badami, Aihole, Ellora, Salsette,
Elephanta, Aurangabad and
Mamallapuram. The earliest Indian
religion to inspire major artistic
monuments was Buddhism. Though
there may have been earlier

24. • The Chola period is also
remarkable for its sculptures and
bronzes. Among the existing
specimens in the various museums of
the world and in the temples of
South India may be seen many fine
figures of Siva in various forms,
Vishnu and his consort Lakshmi, Siva
saints and many more.

25. Indian fresco
• The tradition and methods of Indian
cliff painting gradually evolved
throughout many thousands of
years - there are multiple
locations found with prehistoric
art. The oldest frescoes of
historical period have been
preserved in Ajanta Caves from 2nd
century BC.

26. • Despite climatic conditions that
tend to work against the survival
of older paintings, in total there
are known more than 20 locations
in India with paintings and traces of
former paintings of ancient and
early medieval times (up to 8th -
10th century AD). The most
significant frescoes of the ancient
and early medieval period are
Buddhist works in the Ajanta Caves,
Bagh Caves, Ellora Caves,

27. Miniature painting
• Mughal painting in miniatures on paper
developed very quickly in the late 16th
century from the combined influence of
the existing miniature tradition and
artists trained in the Persian miniature
tradition imported by the Mughal
Emperor's court.

28. • New ingredients in the style were
much greater realism, especially in
portraits, and an interest in
animals, plants and other aspects
of the physical world. Miniatures
either illustrated books or were
single works for muraqqas or
albums of painting and Islamic
calligraphy

29. • . The style gradually spread in the next
two centuries to influence painting on
paper in both Muslim and Hindu princely
courts, developing into a number of
regional styles often called "sub-
Mughal", including Kangra painting and
Rajput painting, and finally Company
painting, a hybrid watercolour style
influenced by European art and largely
patronized by the people of the British
raj.

30. Folk and tribal art
• Folk art in India takes on different
manifestations through varied medium such
as pottery, painting, metalwork,dhokra
art, paper-art, weaving and designing of
objects such as jewelry and and tribal
toys.
• Often puranic gods and legends are
transformed into contemporary forms and
familiar images. Fairs, festivals, and
local deities play a vital role in these
arts.

31. • It is in art where life and
creativity are inseparable. The
tribal arts have a unique
sensitivity, as the tribal people
possess an intense awareness very
different from the settled and
urbanized people. Their minds are
supple and intense with myth,
legends, snippets from epic,
multitudinous gods born out of dream
and fantasy. Their art is an
expression of their life and holds
their passion and mystery.

32. • Folk art also includes the visual
expressions of the wandering nomads.
This is the art of people who are
exposed to changing landscapes as
they travel over the valleys and
highlands of India. They carry with
them the experiences and memories of
different spaces and their art
consists of the transient and
dynamic pattern of life. The rural,
tribal and arts of the nomads
constitute the matrix of folk
expression.

34. Indian Art
• Indian Art is the visual art
produced on the Indian subcontinent
from about the 3rd millennium BC
to modern times. To viewers
schooled in the Western tradition,
Indian art may seem overly ornate
and sensuous; appreciation of its
refinement comes only gradually,
as a rule.

35. • Voluptuous feeling is given
unusually free expression in Indian
culture. A strong sense of design is
also characteristic of Indian art
and can be observed in its modern
as well as in its traditional forms.