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Introduction to the National
Airspace System

ATC System and NAS
ATC System and National Airspace
System (NAS)
                                                            Communications
   Global                                                   Satellite
   Navigation
   Satellite System
   (GNSS)




   SATCOM                                                        Radar
                                 Differential
   Ground
                                GNSS/Integrity
   Stations                                      Radar
                                  Stations
                      NAVAIDs                                 Airport Traffic
                                                              Control Tower
                                Air/Ground                    (ATCT )Systems
                                Communications
                                                         Airport Landing,
                                                         Weather, Lighting
The Way We Were
                 1938
                 1938
   1926
   1926          Civil
                                        1958
                                        1958
                 Civil
Aeronautics
Aeronautics   Aeronautics
              Aeronautics             Federal
                                  Federal Aviation
  Branch
  Branch       Authority
               Authority          Aviation Agency
                                      Agency



                                                             1967 - present
                                                     Federal Aviation Administration




                     1940
                     Civil
                Aeronautics
              Civil Aeronautics
               Administration
               Administration
                     1940
       1934
    Bureau of
  Air Commerce
    Bureau of
       1934
  Air Commerce
Department of Transportation

                                  Secretary of
      Railroads                                                            Highways
                                 Transportation

   Pipelines and
                                                                Marine Navigation
Hazardous Materials
          Human Resource                                           Security and
           Management                      FAA                  Hazardous Materials

        Financial                       Administrator                        International
        Services                                                                Aviation

              Airports                                                    Aviation Safety

            Commercial Space                                    Region and Center
               Transport                                           Operations
                          Information      Air Traffic
                            Services      Organization   Communications
FAA Primary Offices
  Human Resource                                                         Security and
   Management
                                            Secretary of              Hazardous Materials
                                           Transportation
 Financial                                                                       International
 Services                                 FAA                                       Aviation
                                       Administrator
   Airports                                                                      Aviation Safety


Commercial Space                               FAA                           Region and Center
   Transport                                Administrator                       Operations

  Information Services                                                 Communications
                                              Air Traffic
              Acquisition and                                         NexGen and
                Business
                                             Organization
                                                                      Ops Planning

                            Strategy and                    Finance
                            Performance        Operations
Regions and Regional Offices
                                                                                            ANE
  Human Resource                           Secretary of                              SecurityEngland)
                                                                                        (New and
   Management                             Transportation
                                                AGL                               Hazardous Materials
            Seattle
                                                 (Great Lakes)
                      ANM                                                                AEA
                                                                                       (Eastern)      Boston
 Financial (Northwest Mountain)                                                              International
 Services                                     FAA
                                            ACE                   Chicago
                                                                                                 Aviation
                                                                                                New York
     AWP                                Administrator
                                         (Central)
  (Western-Pacific)
    Airports                                                                                 Aviation Safety
      Los Angeles                                        Kansas
                                                          City

Commercial Space                                                                          ASO
                                                                                        Region and Center
                                     ASW
                                                                                        (Southern)
   Transport                       (Southwest)                                               Operations
                                                                            Atlanta

  Information Services                       Ft. Worth                             Communications
                 AAL                         Air Traffic
               Acquisition and                                                    NexGen and
                 (Alaska Region)
                  Business
                                            Organization
                                                                                  Ops Planning
            Anchorage
                           Strategy and                                 Finance
                           Performance           Operations
ATO Organization
                               FAA
                            Administrator

Acquisition and                                              NexGen and
  Business                                                   Ops Planning
                             ATO COO


   Strategy and
   Performance                                               Finance
                             Operations

                              ATO COO
                  EnRoute       Terminal    Flight Service
ATO Service Areas
                                    FAA
          Northwest              Administrator
          Mountain
           (ANM)



             Western
Acquisition and                                                       NexGen and
  Business                                                            Ops Planning
                                  ATO COO
                                     Central
                                                                Eastern


   Strategy and
   Performance                                       Southern (ASO)   Finance
                                  Southwest (ASW)
                                  Operations



                       EnRoute       Terminal       Flight Service
Operations



                ATO COO
                Operations



      EnRoute    Terminal    Flight Service
Flight Services Service Areas



                 Lockheed-Martin
                  Consolidated     Washington
                   Service Area      D.C.




   Alaska


  Alaska (FAA)
Lines of Authority/Communications

                            AUTHORITY




     FAA
                ATO COO     SERVICE AREAS   FACILITIES   YOU
ADMINISTRATOR


                          COMMUNICATIONS
Positive Separation Standards
                         MILES
      ALTITUDES (FEET)




                                 MINUTES
Visual Flight Rules
                  OVER




        AROUND




                      UNDER
Instrument Flight Rules
Facility Complexity




HIGH COMPLEXITY FACILITY   LOW COMPLEXITY FACILITY
Air Traffic Facility Organization Chart
                 AIR TRAFFIC
                  MANAGER



      •
ADMINISTRATIVE   OPERATIONS      SUPPORT
  SUPPORT         MANAGER        MANAGER



                 FRONT LINE       SUPPORT
                  MANAGER        SPECIALIST



                 AIR TRAFFIC
                 CONTROLLER
Automated Flight Service Stations
(AFSS)
• VFR search and rescue service
• Assistance to lost aircraft and aircraft
  in emergency situations
• Relay of ATC clearances
• Airport Advisory Service
• Broadcast aviation weather and NAS
  information
• Receive and process IFR flight plans
• Monitor Navigational Aids (NAVAIDs)
• Origin of Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs)
• En route communications
• Pilot briefings
AFSS Positions




              Flight Data/
 Weather                                 En Route Flight
Observation    NOTAM/        Preflight                      Inflight   Broadcast
                             Position    Advisory Service   Position    Position
 position     Coordinator
                                         (EFAS) Position
                Position
Inflight Position


                                MOUNTAIN RANGE
                                 OBSTRUCTING
                                    SIGHT
   N6456T

     “NOVEMBER SIX FOUR FIVE
     SIX TANGO, DENVER RADIO,
       WEATHER IN SALT LAKE
              CITY…”



DENVER
 AFSS                                            SALT LAKE CITY
Terminal Facilities

                      AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL
                      TOWER (ATCT)
                      Provides ATC service to aircraft
                      operating on or in the vicinity of the
                      airport



                      TERMINAL RADAR APPROACH
                      CONTROL (TRACON)
                      Provides radar service to arriving,
                      departing, and some en route aircraft
Tower Team




 Local        Tower        Tower        Ground      Clearance   Flight
Controller   Associate   Coordinator   Controller    Delivery   Data
Terminal Radar Team




         Radar        Radar        Radar       Flight Data
        Controller   Associate   Coordinator
Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)
En Route Sector Team




Radar Flight    Radar      Radar         Radar
   Data        Associate           Coordinator/Handoff
Traffic Management System (TMS)




Balance traffic            System
   demand         with     capacity
Traffic Management Programs
           REROUTES                          ESP – EN ROUTE
                                             SEQUENCING PROGRAM

         SEVERE
                                                 20 MILES-IN-TRAIL
         WEATHER




                           GROUND                       ASP – ARRIVAL
                            TMS                         SEQUENCING
                                                          PROGRAM
DSP – DEPARTURE
                           STOP !
                         PROGRAMS
  SEQUENCING
                  FIX
   PROGRAM                                                           HOLD
                                                        REDUCE
                        GDP – GROUND DELAY
                                                        SPEED
                             PROGRAM
Airspace

FL 600                                  CLASS A
18,000 MSL

                                                             CLASS E
14,500 MSL



                             CLASS B
                                                  CLASS C
        Nontowered
                                                                        CLASS D
          Airport      700 AGL                              1,200 AGL
                     CLASS G           CLASS G              CLASS G
ATS Routes
Air Navigation System

                                   SATELLITE
                                   BASED



            VOR

VOR



                             VOR
      VOR     VOR


                       VOR

                  GROUND
                  BASED
Airport
Aeronautical Charts
Rules and Regulations
Personnel and Equipment

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NAS

  • 1. Introduction to the National Airspace System ATC System and NAS
  • 2. ATC System and National Airspace System (NAS) Communications Global Satellite Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) SATCOM Radar Differential Ground GNSS/Integrity Stations Radar Stations NAVAIDs Airport Traffic Control Tower Air/Ground (ATCT )Systems Communications Airport Landing, Weather, Lighting
  • 3. The Way We Were 1938 1938 1926 1926 Civil 1958 1958 Civil Aeronautics Aeronautics Aeronautics Aeronautics Federal Federal Aviation Branch Branch Authority Authority Aviation Agency Agency 1967 - present Federal Aviation Administration 1940 Civil Aeronautics Civil Aeronautics Administration Administration 1940 1934 Bureau of Air Commerce Bureau of 1934 Air Commerce
  • 4. Department of Transportation Secretary of Railroads Highways Transportation Pipelines and Marine Navigation Hazardous Materials Human Resource Security and Management FAA Hazardous Materials Financial Administrator International Services Aviation Airports Aviation Safety Commercial Space Region and Center Transport Operations Information Air Traffic Services Organization Communications
  • 5. FAA Primary Offices Human Resource Security and Management Secretary of Hazardous Materials Transportation Financial International Services FAA Aviation Administrator Airports Aviation Safety Commercial Space FAA Region and Center Transport Administrator Operations Information Services Communications Air Traffic Acquisition and NexGen and Business Organization Ops Planning Strategy and Finance Performance Operations
  • 6. Regions and Regional Offices ANE Human Resource Secretary of SecurityEngland) (New and Management Transportation AGL Hazardous Materials Seattle (Great Lakes) ANM AEA (Eastern) Boston Financial (Northwest Mountain) International Services FAA ACE Chicago Aviation New York AWP Administrator (Central) (Western-Pacific) Airports Aviation Safety Los Angeles Kansas City Commercial Space ASO Region and Center ASW (Southern) Transport (Southwest) Operations Atlanta Information Services Ft. Worth Communications AAL Air Traffic Acquisition and NexGen and (Alaska Region) Business Organization Ops Planning Anchorage Strategy and Finance Performance Operations
  • 7. ATO Organization FAA Administrator Acquisition and NexGen and Business Ops Planning ATO COO Strategy and Performance Finance Operations ATO COO EnRoute Terminal Flight Service
  • 8. ATO Service Areas FAA Northwest Administrator Mountain (ANM) Western Acquisition and NexGen and Business Ops Planning ATO COO Central Eastern Strategy and Performance Southern (ASO) Finance Southwest (ASW) Operations EnRoute Terminal Flight Service
  • 9. Operations ATO COO Operations EnRoute Terminal Flight Service
  • 10. Flight Services Service Areas Lockheed-Martin Consolidated Washington Service Area D.C. Alaska Alaska (FAA)
  • 11. Lines of Authority/Communications AUTHORITY FAA ATO COO SERVICE AREAS FACILITIES YOU ADMINISTRATOR COMMUNICATIONS
  • 12. Positive Separation Standards MILES ALTITUDES (FEET) MINUTES
  • 13. Visual Flight Rules OVER AROUND UNDER
  • 15. Facility Complexity HIGH COMPLEXITY FACILITY LOW COMPLEXITY FACILITY
  • 16. Air Traffic Facility Organization Chart AIR TRAFFIC MANAGER • ADMINISTRATIVE OPERATIONS SUPPORT SUPPORT MANAGER MANAGER FRONT LINE SUPPORT MANAGER SPECIALIST AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER
  • 17. Automated Flight Service Stations (AFSS) • VFR search and rescue service • Assistance to lost aircraft and aircraft in emergency situations • Relay of ATC clearances • Airport Advisory Service • Broadcast aviation weather and NAS information • Receive and process IFR flight plans • Monitor Navigational Aids (NAVAIDs) • Origin of Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) • En route communications • Pilot briefings
  • 18. AFSS Positions Flight Data/ Weather En Route Flight Observation NOTAM/ Preflight Inflight Broadcast Position Advisory Service Position Position position Coordinator (EFAS) Position Position
  • 19. Inflight Position MOUNTAIN RANGE OBSTRUCTING SIGHT N6456T “NOVEMBER SIX FOUR FIVE SIX TANGO, DENVER RADIO, WEATHER IN SALT LAKE CITY…” DENVER AFSS SALT LAKE CITY
  • 20. Terminal Facilities AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER (ATCT) Provides ATC service to aircraft operating on or in the vicinity of the airport TERMINAL RADAR APPROACH CONTROL (TRACON) Provides radar service to arriving, departing, and some en route aircraft
  • 21. Tower Team Local Tower Tower Ground Clearance Flight Controller Associate Coordinator Controller Delivery Data
  • 22. Terminal Radar Team Radar Radar Radar Flight Data Controller Associate Coordinator
  • 23. Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)
  • 24. En Route Sector Team Radar Flight Radar Radar Radar Data Associate Coordinator/Handoff
  • 25. Traffic Management System (TMS) Balance traffic System demand with capacity
  • 26. Traffic Management Programs REROUTES ESP – EN ROUTE SEQUENCING PROGRAM SEVERE 20 MILES-IN-TRAIL WEATHER GROUND ASP – ARRIVAL TMS SEQUENCING PROGRAM DSP – DEPARTURE STOP ! PROGRAMS SEQUENCING FIX PROGRAM HOLD REDUCE GDP – GROUND DELAY SPEED PROGRAM
  • 27. Airspace FL 600 CLASS A 18,000 MSL CLASS E 14,500 MSL CLASS B CLASS C Nontowered CLASS D Airport 700 AGL 1,200 AGL CLASS G CLASS G CLASS G
  • 29. Air Navigation System SATELLITE BASED VOR VOR VOR VOR VOR VOR GROUND BASED