ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors (may act without thinking about what the result will be), or be overly active. Purpose: The purpose of this webinar is to help participants learn that how to handle ADHD patients.

1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST MERCIFUL THE MOST BENIFICIENT

2. PRESENTER: AIMAN ABBAS.
TOPIC : ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVE DISORDER.

3. ❖ The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Is The Most
Prevalent Neuropsychiatric Disorder.
❖ Affecting 5-10% Of Children In School Age, And Continuing
Through Adolescence And Adulthood In About 30-50% Of
Them.
❖ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Is A
Neurobiological Condition Characterized By Developmentally
Inappropriate And Impairing Patterns
Of Inattention, Hyperactivity, And Impulsivity.

9. ❖ The Neurotransmitters Dopamine (DA) And Norepinephrine (NE) Are
Implicated In The Pathophysiology Of ADHD.
❖ Dopamine Is A Neurotransmitter Involved In Reward, Risk Taking,
Impulsivity, And Mood. Norepinephrine Modulates Attention, Arousal, And
Mood.
❖ Studies On Individuals With ADHD Suggest A Defect In The Dopamine
Receptor D4 (DRD4) Receptor Gene And Overexpression Of Dopamine
Transporter-1 (DAT1).

10. ❖ The DRD4 Receptor Uses DA And NE To Modulate
Attention To And Responses To One's Environment.
❖ The DAT1 Or Dopamine Transporter Protein Takes DA/NE
Into The Presynaptic Nerve Terminal So It May Not Have
Sufficient Interaction With The Postsynaptic Receptor.

12. ➢ Fidgeting And Squirming While Seated.
➢ Running Or Dashing Around Or Climbing In Situations Where It Is Inappropriate, Or, In
Teens And Adults, Often Feeling Restless.
➢ Being Unable To Play Or Engage In Hobbies Quietly.
➢ Being Constantly In Motion Or “On The Go,” Or Acting As If “Driven By A Motor”.
➢ Talking Nonstop.
➢ Blurting Out An Answer Before A Question Has Been Completed, Finishing Other People’s
Sentences, Or Speaking Without Waiting For A Turn In Conversation.
➢ Having Trouble Waiting His Or Her Turn.
➢ Interrupting Or Intruding On Others, For Example In Conversations, Games, Or Activities.

14. It Includes Symptoms Of Both But Presentation May Incline Towards One As The
Child Grows.
According To The National Institute Of Mental Health
❖ Several Symptoms Must Be Present Before The Age Of Twelve.
❖ A Person Must Have At Least Five Symptoms Of Either Inattention Or
Hyperactivity-impulsivity.
❖ The Symptoms Must Be Present In Two Or More Settings, Such As At Home And
At Work

32. ❖ Improving gross motor skills - depending on the problems experienced basic
gross motor skills are normally initially targeted (sitting, crawling, standing), and
then progress to target the more complex gross motor skills such as walking and
running
❖ Improving balance and co-ordination
❖ Improving fine motor skills
❖ Improving gait
❖ Improving overall muscle strength

33. There Are A Range Of Physiotherapy Interventions Which
Can Be Used To Target The Above Areas, These Include:
❖ Physical Exercise Programmes
❖ Hydrotherapy
❖ Advice, Techniques And Strategies
❖ Range Of Movement Exercises
❖ Breathing Excercises