The document summarizes a presentation on application programming interfaces (APIs) over the next 10 years focusing on software, society, sovereignty, and sustainability. It discusses business needs driving demand for connectivity between applications. It also outlines elements of modern application connectivity including concerns for different stakeholders like developers, networking teams, and business teams. Finally, it proposes assessing application connectivity requirements based on criteria like accessibility, security, discoverability, and governability and matching these with appropriate connectivity solutions.

1. APIs the next 10 years: Software, Society,
Sovereignty, Sustainability
December 14, 15 & 16, 2022
Mark Cheshire
Senior Director of Technical Marketing and
Cross Portfolio Program, Red Hat
Hitchhacker’s Guide to
Application Connectivity

2. CONFIDENTIAL
Photo by Greg Rakozy on Unsplash
Mark Cheshire Senior Director, Applica ti on Services, Red Hat

3. 2023 SERIES OF EVENT
New York
May 16&17
Australia
October 11&12
Singapore
April 12&13
Helsinki & North
June 5&6
Paris
SEPTEMBER
London
November
15&16
June 28-30
SILICON VALLEY
March 14&15
Dubai & Middle East
February 22&23

5. Red Hat
100% Innovation
100% Open Source
Application Connectivity

6. 5
Business needs driving demand for connectivity
Businesses derive value when the cloud native applications can be accessed
and consumed
Application portability to support agility
Flexibility to move apps across hybrid and multi cloud based on performance,
resilience or data (stickiness/fluidity) requirements
Combining Application and Network concerns
Application Connectivity to/from services, across and off cluster combining
network and application/business layer concerns
Connecting API and event endpoints
Application Connectivity for Microservices Architecture (MSA) and Event
Driven Architecture (EDA) services
Elements of Modern Application Connectivity
Application
Connectivity

7. Organizing for
Application
Connectivity
Zaphod , Trillian, Marvin
crew of Heart of Gold

8. CONFIDENTIAL
Network/
DevOps
Developer
7
Stakeholders have different Concerns
Responsibilities of Application Connectivity
Application
Layer
Business
Layer
Networking
Layer
▸ Business value creation
▸ API Product
▸ Monetization
▸ Developer Portal
▸ API Analytics
▸ Authentication
▸ Authorization
▸ Rate Limiting
▸ Multi cloud application access
▸ DNS Global Load Balancing
▸ Multi cluster ingress
▸ Traffic Management
Product
Owner
Application
Connectivity

9. Governability Accessibility
Security
Discoverability
App Connectivity Assessment Criteria

10. • Internal vs External access
(aka North-South, East-West)
• Internal traffic – inter vs intra domain
• Synchronous request-response
• Asynchronous event-driven
• Performance requirements –
throughput, payload
• Resilience to failures
G A
S
D
Accessibility

11. • Encryption – at rest / in transit
• AuthN – balance security, usability,
scalability
• AuthZ – zero trust, RBAC
• Secrets management
G A
S
D
Security

12. • Developer engagement and
experience
• Human discovery – developer
portal, service catalog
• Machine discovery – service
registry / routing
• Schema registries (OAS, asyncAPI)
G A
S
D
Discoverability

13. • Policy -based governance
• Manage the lifecycle
• Deployment automation
• Observability for performance
• Analytics for usage insight
G A
S
D
Governability

14. Application
Connectivity
Solution
Options

15. 14
Application Connectivity – Network concerns
Network
Concerns:
Ingress and
Egress

16. 15
Traffic to Applications in a Cluster
Application Connectivity – Network concerns

17. 16
Traffic from Applications in a Cluster
Application Connectivity – Network concerns

18. 17
Traffic to Applications in Multi-Cluster
Application Connectivity – Network concerns

19. 18
Traffic to Applications in Multi-Cloud
Application Connectivity – Network concerns

20. 19
Application Connectivity – Network concerns
Network
Concerns:
Service to
Service

21. Service Traffic in a Cluster
20
Application Connectivity – Network concerns

22. Service Traffic Across Clusters
21
Application Connectivity – Network concerns

23. Tunneling Across Clusters
22
Application Connectivity – Network concerns

24. 23
Application Connectivity - Architecture
Application and
Data
Architecture
Concerns

25. CONFIDENTIAL Designator
Request-reply vs Event-driven
24
Source:
Synchronous & ephemeral
Low composability
Simplified model
Low tolerance to failure
Best practices evolved as REST
Asynchronous and persistent
Decoupled
Highly composable
Complex model
High tolerance to failure
Best practices are still evolving
Application Connectivity - Architecture

26. Application Connectivity – Integration Enablers
25
Solve integration problem by
applying best practices out
of the box. Even with
microservice architectures.
Integration
Patterns
Translate messages in
multiple formats, and
industry standard formats
from finance, telco, health-
care, and more
Data Formats
Simplify access to any
endpoint such as databases,
message queues, APIs.
Connectors
Application Connectivity - Architecture

27. 26
APIGateway
Application Connectivity - Architecture

28. Service Mesh
27
Application Connectivity - Architecture

29. Data &ControlPlanes
Opportunity for integration and consolidation
28
Application Connectivity - Architecture

30. “What is the
answer to the
Ultimate Question of
Life, the Universe,
and Everything?”
Application
Connectivity
Matrix

31. Application Connectivity Matrix
Accessibility Security Discoverability Governability
Business layer
Application
layer
Network layer

32. Application Connectivity Matrix
Accessibility Security Discoverability Governability
Business layer
Application
layer
Network layer
Define criteria for app connectivity requirements

33. Application Connectivity Matrix
Accessibility Security Discoverability Governability
Business layer
Application
layer
Network layer
Define criteria for app connectivity requirements
Define
connectivity
options

34. Application Connectivity Matrix
Accessibility Security Discoverability Governability
Business layer
Application
layer
Network layer
Define criteria for app connectivity requirements
Define
connectivity
options
Evaluate best fit option

35. “The answer is
42, but what is
the question?”
Where
to go
from
here…

36. • Embrace schema standards
everywhere
• Evolve developer portals for
REST APIs to a unified
Integration Hub
Transfer
Learnings
• Ask how to interpret this in the
context of your organization
• Use the matrix as a tool to
facilitate communication
across teams
Expand details
in the matrix

37. Looking forward
to the next
chapter in the
Hitchhacker’s
Guide

38. References and Further Reading
Application Connectivity
Articles
● Application Connectivity in hybrid cloud
● Evolution of Application Connectivity in multi-cloud environment
● Service Mesh and APIManagement eBook
Projects
● Kubernetes Gateway API
● Kcp
● Envoy Proxy
● Istio Wasm Extension
● Kuadrant
38

39. Image Credits
• Overall concept: Douglas Adams, Hitchhikers’ Guide to the Galaxy
• Photo by Greg Rakozy on Unsplash
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/milky -way-
galaxy?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
• Don’t Panic: The front cover of the original 1979 UK release of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
, with
cover art by English art design group Hipgnosis
• Heart of Gold
https:/ / science.howstuffworks.com/ 10-fictional-spacecraft-we-wish-were-real.htm# pt4
• Pan galactic gargle blaster
https:/ / www.teepublic.com/ sticker/ 29544604-the-pan-galactic-gargle-blaster
• So long and thanks for all the fish:
https:/ / i.kym-cdn.com/ photos/ images/ original/ 001/ 022/ 360/ d0d.jpg
• Colored circles By Emoji One, CC BY-SA 4.0 :
https:/ / commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ Emoji_One_colored_circles